Perfectionism and coping styles with stress

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1 Available online at rocedia Social and ehavioral Sciences 5 (010) WCCG-010 erfectionism and coping styles with stress oja Larijani a, Mohammad Ali esharat b a Deartment of psychology, arbiat Moaalem University,ehran,Iran. (oja_larijani@yahoo.com) b Department of sychology, University of ehran, ehran,iran eceived January 14, 010; revised ebruary 3, 010; accepted March 1, 010 Abstract he aim of this study was to examine the relationship between and coping styles with stress in a sample of students. 378 students were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the arsi version of the ositive and erfectionism Scale (ANS) and the ehran Coping Styles Scale (C).he results revealed that positive was positively associated with problem-focused and positive emotional focused coping styles, and negatively associated with negative emotional focused coping style. he results also revealed that negative was negatively associated with problem-focused and positive emotional focused coping styles, and positively associated with negative emotional focused coping style. 010 Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC Y-NC-ND license. Keywords: erfectionism, stress, coping. 1. Introduction Investigators view as a multidimensional construct and research has determined that different components are related differentially to maladaptive and some adaptive qualities (for reviews see ieling et al. 004; lankstein and Dunkley,006; Enns and Cox,00; arker,00; Shafran and Mansell,001; Stoeber and Otto, 006). indings of the research corroborate the existence of a type of normal as compared with neurotic (Stumpf and arker, 000 ;erry, Owenz, slade and Dewway, 1995; Suddarth and Slaney, 001; Hamachek, 1978). One dimension has been described as normal, healthy adaptive and positive. It comprises some aspects of the which is related to having high personal criteria, determination of exact criteria for actions and endeavors for attaining excellence. Another dimension has been described as neurotic unhealthy inadaptive or negative. It comprise those aspects of the which are related to anxieties such as mistakes in questions, doubts about actions, and fear of not being validated by others, and inhomogeneity between expectations and results. his aspect has positive correlation with incompatibility indices such as negative emotion (Stoeber and Otto,006; Stoeber,Harris and Moon, 007), the research findings concerning the pathological outcomes bear out this hypothesis (Hill, Zrull and urlington, 1997). Which styles of comparison are used most often when facing stress-making situations and various types of anxiety concerning the achievement of high-level yardsticks in terms of positive or negative (severally equal to normal or neurotic? he chief objective of the extant research is to find the response of the ensuing question: the question which has never been checked.he preliminary approaches to the comparison process ublished by Elsevier Ltd. doi: /j.sbspro Open access under CC Y-NC-ND license.

2 64 oja Larijani and Mohammad Ali esharat / rocedia Social and ehavioral Sciences 5 (010) distinguish three chief styles: the comparison style of the axis problem whose main features concerns direct action to reduce pressure by increasing the stress-management skills. Avoidant-focused copying style, whose main feature is to eschew facing the stress-bearing factor? Enthusiasm-based comparison style whose identifying feature concerns cognitive strategies which postpone the deletion or solution of the stress-bearing factor (illings and Mouse, 1981; Zidner and Endner, 1996).. Method articipants he statistical community of this research comprise all the undergraduates of the expertise degree of the educational year of ehran University. he arsi version of the positive and negative scale and the scale of ehran comparison scales about undergraduates were conducted in the classroom collectively. he final sample of this research concerned 378 undergraduates (183 boys and 195 girls). esults he summary of the variance analysis (table 1) indicates that the positive and negative grade of female and male undergraduates were not so significant nonetheless their grade difference in comparison style was crucial. hat is why, the correlations coefficients between the research variables were reckoned separately for female and male specimen. able1.s and standard s of positive and,negative and copying styles emale (N = 195) Male (N = 183) otal (N = 378) ositive roblem ocus et coping style ositive emotional focused coping style emotional focused coping style According to the upshots of tables the surveyed is a crucial one, (p<00.1) and 3% of the variance pertinent to the negative enthusiasm-based comparison style is expressed by positive and negative. able.esults rom Linear Multiple egression, Analysis of roblem ocus coping style variance With a Control for the Effects of positive and negative odel egression residual egression eta ositive

3 oja Larijani and Mohammad Ali esharat / rocedia Social and ehavioral Sciences 5 (010) he regression coefficients denote that positive (=0.081, t=-3.108) and negative (t=5.545, =0.151) can express the variance of the negative enthusiasm-based comparison style in a crucial manner, namely, when those whose positive is stronger face everyday stress-bearing factors, use negative enthusiasmbased comparison styles less than others and vice versa, those whose negative is stronger, use negative enthusiasm-based strategies when facing everyday stresses.according to the above findings, research predictions on the type of positive and negative style are corroborated on both levels.he research results indicated that positive has a positive correlation with problem-based comparison styles and enthusiasm-based and negative correlation with negative enthusiasm-based style. able3.esults rom Linear Multiple egression, Analysis of positive. emotional-focused coping style variance With a Control for the Effects of positive and negative model Model egression 838 / /6 / /785 0/617 3/69 residual 5113 / /63 index variable egression eta ositive 0/13 0/ / 6/18-0/03 0/01-0/507-9/779 able4.esults rom Linear Multiple egression, Analysis of negative. emotional-focused coping style variance With a Control for the Effects of positive and negative Model egression 4174 /5 087 /1 98 /08 0/568 0/3 4/84 esidual 8786 / /43 egression ositive -0/081 0/151 0/06 0/07 eta -0/15 0/383-3/108 5/545 0/ 00 0/ 00

4 66 oja Larijani and Mohammad Ali esharat / rocedia Social and ehavioral Sciences 5 (010) Discussion Summarily the upshots of this research indicated that can be used in two positive and negative orientations to foresee the strategies needed to confront stress. wo groups of hypothetical and practical outcomes of the research can be mentioned. he provision of the educational programmes of the cognitive and emotive skills at the clinical and practical level can affect the positive and negative characteristics of the. Such programmes can be merged in the framework of the interfering programmes in the field of treatments based upon the cognitively processing style and emotions tuning to enhance their efficiency. indings of the extant research can be used to validate the current postulations on and comparison. hey can also make novel questions and hypotheses on the relationship of diverse dimensions with manners of comparing stress. eferences ieling,. J., Israeli, A., & Antony, M. M. 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