Nature of Science Review

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1 NOS Quiz 2 Revision 6 Nature of Science Review Name : Class : Date : 1. Marcia did an experiment to find out whether tulips grow faster under fluorescent lighting or incandescent lighting. Under flourescent lighting, Marcia's plants grew 1.5 cm taller in two months. She gave her notes to Alex, who did the same experiments with similar results. Which term describes Alex's experiment? plagiarism replication pseudo science repitition 2. What type of investigation does this represent? model experimentation observation recording 3. What is the outcome (DEPENDENT) variable? plant height time in days sunflower daisy

2 4. Identifying the Test (Independent) Variable and Outcome (Dependent) Variable in an experiment will help you interpret results. What is the difference between the Test (Independent) and the Outcome (Dependent) Variable in an experiment? Test Variable changes due to the outcome variable, the Outcome Variable is what is measured in an experiment. Test Variable changes due to the outcome variable, the Outcome Variable is what stays the same in an experiment. The Test Variable is what we change in an experiment, and the Outcome Variable is what changes as a result of that change. The Test Variable is what is measured in an experiment, and the Outcome Variable is what changes as a result of that change. 5. Fred and Barney were given an assignment to go to a school basketball game and write down everything they each saw, heard, smelled, and touched. Afterwards the two students were to compare and contrast their findings and write up a summary of their combined data. In this case when they wrote down what they saw, heard, smelled and felt was considered? They were creating a They were making hypothesis inferences They were writing down None of the above their observations

3 6. Cindy placed three beehives with the same mass into separate (but identical) glass containers. Hive A was kept at 10 degrees Celsius ( C), Hive B was kept at 29 C, and Hive C was kept at 37 C. For the next month she measured the amount of honey each hive produced. Hive B produced more than the other two hives. What is the Manipulated (INDEPENDENT) variable in her experiment? The temperature of The number of hives each hive The mass of each hive The amount of honey produced 7. What is the best definition of the term "theory", as it s used in science? What is the best It is well tested set of definition of the term ideas that explains "theory", as it s used events that occur in in science? nature. A theory is based on It is a hypothesis that laws that can be proven has been confirmed true.

4 8. What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law? A theory is a well-tested range of representations and a law is a concrete physical representation. A theory is a welltested range of observations of why something works and a law is a well-tested concrete explanation how things work A theory is a welltested range of observations of how something works and a law is a well-tested concrete explanation of why things work A theory is a hypothesis that is yet to be proven false and a law is a hypothesis that will always be true. 9. A prevailing theory about heredity is challenged by newly discovered information from a few experiments. As a result, what might happen to the scientific knowledge about heredity? A new theory will All that is known about immediately be established. heredity will be erased Nothing because Scientific knowledge scientific knowledge cannot change once it is established. may change and grow over time.

5 10. The picture below shows a microscopic view of cork tissue, which Robert Hooke used to identify the first cell in Today, it is known that this discovery helped lead to the cell theory. What happened for the cell theory to be created? Hooke formed an explanation that was so convincing that the scientific community easily agreed that he was correct and made the cell theory. The scientific community elected the best cell biologist to perform one more experiment on Hooke's work, and he created the cell theory. The scientific community took Hooke to a court of law, and after many arguments they eventually ruled in favor of the cell theory. Many scientists performed studies that tested and built upon Hooke's work, eventually forming a unified understanding of cells. 11. Scientists need to know how gravity acts on a space shuttle so they can put the space shuttle into orbit. They use an equation that describes how gravity relates to the mass of two objects and the distance between the two objects. Which term describes this equation? observation model scientific law scientific theory

6 12. Which of the following describes a scientific law? Motorists may not travel faster than the posted speed limit. Drivers must have a valid driver's license to operate a motor vehicle. The net force on a vehicle is equal to its mass times its acceleration. Vehicles require one car length per 10 miles per hour of speed to safely stop. 13. Hannah observes that the sun always seems to rise in the east. She talks with others and finds that everyone has the same observation. Which statement is a scientific law? The sun rises in the east. Why does the sun rise in the east? The sun appears in the east because of Earth s rotation pattern. If the sun appears in the east, then I am in the Western Hemisphere 14. Which phrase defines a scientific theory? A well supported An untested idea explanation An educated guess An accepted description

7 15. Scientists conduct many types of scientific investigations. Their efforts often include fieldwork, surveys, models, and experiments. Which statement about scientific investigations is true? Their primary purpose is to compare or describe the world. They follow exactly the same steps because there is only one scientific method. They rarely involve the collection of data under controlled conditions. They include multiple trials to increase the consistency of the data that are collected. 16. A constant is: something that is something that changed on purpose scientists do not yet understand something that stays something that the same changes because of something else 17. A student hypothesized that the amount of sunlight a sunflower plant receives determines the number of sunflower seeds the plant produces. In her experiment, the number of seeds produces is the Test (independent) Outcome (dependent) variable Variable Control Variable Control group

8 18. Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the statements below mostly closely fits the data. Students performed worse on test #2 than they did test #9 Students performed better on test#1 than they did on test#7 Students performed better on test#2 than they did on test#9 all of the above 19. A scientist wanted to know more about these blue birds at a beach. He goes to the beach and he writes down everything he sees the birds doing and all the sounds they make. This is an example of which scientific tool? observation analysis hypothesis testing replication

9 20. Read the law of conservation of energy in the box below. The total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy may be changed from one form to another, but may not be created nor destroyed. Why is this a scientific law? because it explains a concept in science, and any topic in science can be turned into a scientific law because it describes a specific relationship under given conditions in the natural world because it can be controlled by human actions because it describes energy and how it transfers

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