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1 LEVEL 16: ANALYZE & EVALUATE 4 PREPARE PURPOSE Annotate to support analysis, evaluation, and comparison of genre, theme, main idea, and the use of ellipsis in a narrative and an informational text. VOCABULARY annotate, genre, antagonist, protagonist, ellipsis, theme, subject, main idea, supporting ideas MATERIALS Lesson reproducibles INSTRUCT/PRACTICE ANCHOR CHART [Reproducible page 1] Introduce the Purpose of this lesson (see above). Review the definition for Annotating. Direct students to footnotes and preview vocabulary. Read the excerpt. (NOTE: Text will be familiar to students since they have worked closely with it online.) Review each annotation. o For clues about the genre, prompt students: What clues suggest this is science fiction? What might the author s purpose of a science fiction text be? (to entertain) o For antagonist/protagonist, discuss the circled words in section 1: Which character does boy refer to? (William) Which character does her refer to? (Margot) What part of speech is her? (pronoun) o For ellipsis, define an ellipsis (a set of three periods that represent an unfinished or omission of words). Prompt students: Why do you think Margot didn t finish her? What do you think she was about to say? FIRST READ [Reproducible page 2] Direct students to footnotes and preview vocabulary. Read the article. (NOTE: Text will not be familiar to students.) ANNOTATE [Reproducible page 3] Review and complete each annotation. Support students as needed. o For the ellipsis annotation, prompt students: How is this ellipsis being used differently than the one in the short story? Note that an Answer Key is available for teacher reference on Lesson page 2. ANALYZE & EVALUATE [Reproducible page 4] Review directions and guide students through the chart. As students work through remaining activities, direct them to annotations. Lesson page 1

2 ANSWER KEY FOR TEACHER REFERENCE ANNOTATE [Blank student copies found on Reproducible page 3.] ellipsesinformational textan article Stand By Me or Be a Bystander An article by Caleb Anthony Garcia structure of an informational text The bystander effect occurs when people don't intervene. subject- bystander effect supporting idea #1- someone else will help supporting idea #2- people will copy what other people do Picture yourself on a bustling city sidewalk. Taxis honk, vendors sell hot sandwiches, and busy people fill the streets. Suddenly, someone shouts, Help me! It's then that you notice a man with his hand pressed against his chest. Immediately you think, this dude needs a doctor! You look back. The man is trembling 1 against a wall. The crosses your mind that you should do something but certainly someone else has dialed 911 right? Certainly someone in the crowd is a nurse or doctor right? [1] The above situation could be described by two different newspaper headlines Local Man Has Heart Attack: Saved By Good Samaritans 2 or, on a less optimistic 3 note, Local Man Dies of Heart Attack: No One Did Anything. Sadly, the second action often happens because of the bystander effect. [2] The bystander effect happens when people don t intervene in an emergency simply because lots of people are around. According to psychologists, this effect happens for two reasons. [3] One reason is diffusion 4 of responsibility. When an emergency is unfolding around a large group, humans assume that others around them will get involved. Translation? Someone else will take care of the problem. [4] A second reason for the bystander effect is social influence. 5 In an emergency, people look at what other people are doing and act in a similar way. If a person is trying to help someone in trouble, others are more likely to become involved. If no one is helping, others are less likely to get involved. [5] The bystander effect has been seen in kids as young as 5 and is a common human response. However, it doesn t have to be common. When observing an emergency or an escalating situation, feel empowered to do something. Reach out to an adult or authority figure, such as a police officer or teacher. Don t just be a bystander! ANALYZE & EVALUATE [Sample answer for writing prompt on Reproducible page 5]... ellipsis (...)- show an unfinished main idea- shows writer's choice to omit the ending The bystander effect occurs when people don t intervene during an emergency. In the short story All Summer in a Day, the children watch as William pushes and teases Margot. After watching William s behavior, they decide to join him in mistreating her. This is an example of social influence because the children are all affected by William s actions. Reproducible page 2

3 ANCHOR CHART ANNOTATING Annotate means to add notes or comments to explain something. Annotating increases your comprehension because it is a record of YOUR thinking. An excerpt from the short story by Ray Bradbury rising action [Previously] In part one of All Summer in a Day, it rains every day, all day long, on Venus. The nine-year-olds are excited that they will see the sun for the first time they can remember. Pale, sickly Margot remembers the sun from her time on Earth and greatly misses it. She stands apart from the other children. She has no friends. She's different. Her memory of the sun is why the other children hate her and treat her unkindly. William is the most unkind to her. As the children wait for the sun to appear at the beginning of part two, there is an encounter between William and Margot. clues about genre - narrative text/science fiction William is unkind. William invites other children to be unkind. William and children are unkind. effect on Margot [1] Get away! The boy gave her another push. What're you waiting for? Then, for the first time, she turned and looked at him. And what she was waiting for was in her eyes. Well, don't wait around here! cried the boy savagely: 1 You won't see nothing! Her lips moved. Nothing! he cried. It was all a joke, wasn't it? He turned to the other children. Nothing's happening today: Is it? They all blinked at him and then, understanding, laughed and shook their heads. Nothing, nothing! Oh, but, Margot whispered, her eyes helpless. But this is the day, the scientists predict, they say, they know, the sun... All a joke! said the boy, and seized 2 her roughly. Hey, everyone, let's put her in a closet before teacher comes! No, said Margot, falling back. [2] They surged 3 about her, caught her up and bore 4 her, protesting, and then pleading 5, and then crying, back into a tunnel, a room, a closet, where they slammed and locked the door. They stood looking at the door and saw it tremble 6 from her beating and throwing herself against it. They heard her muffled cries. Then, smiling, they turned and went out and back down the tunnel, just as the teacher arrived. Ready, children? She glanced at her watch. Yes! said everyone. Are we all here? Yes! 1 savagely (adv.) in a very cruel or violent manner 2 seized (v.) taken in a forceful, sudden, or violent way 3 surged (n.) moved together suddenly 4 bore (v.) carried or moved 5 pleading (v.) begging with emotion 6 tremble (v.) to shake slightly antagonist - William protagonist - Margot ellipsis (...) - shows Margot's unfinished theme statement - Jealousy and fear can lead to cruel acts. Reproducible page 1

4 FIRST READ Stand by me or be a bystander An article by Caleb Anthony Garcia Picture yourself on a bustling city sidewalk. Taxis honk, vendors sell hot sandwiches, and busy people fill the streets. Suddenly, someone shouts, Help me! It s then that you notice a man with his hand pressed against his chest. Immediately you think, this dude needs a doctor! You look back. The man is trembling 1 against a wall. The crosses your mind that you should do something but certainly someone else has dialed 911 right? Certainly someone in the crowd is a nurse or doctor right?... [1] The above situation could be described by two different newspaper headlines Local Man Has Heart Attack: Saved By Good Samaritans 2 or, on a less optimistic 3 note, Local Man Dies of Heart Attack: No One Did Anything. Sadly, the second action often happens because of the bystander effect. [2] The bystander effect happens when people don t intervene in an emergency simply because lots of people are around. According to psychologists, this effect happens for two reasons. [3] One reason is diffusion 4 of responsibility. When an emergency is unfolding around a large group, humans assume that others around them will get involved. Translation? Someone else will take care of the problem. [4] A second reason for the bystander effect is social influence. 5 In an emergency, people look at what other people are doing and act in a similar way. If a person is trying to help someone in trouble, others are more likely to become involved. If no one is helping, others are less likely to get involved. [5] The bystander effect has been seen in kids as young as 5 and is a common human response. However, it doesn t have to be common. When observing an emergency or an escalating situation, feel empowered to do something. Reach out to an adult or authority figure, such as a police officer or teacher. Don t just be a bystander! 1 trembling (v.) shaking slightly 2 Good Samaritan (n.) a person who is kind and helpful to someone in trouble 3 optimistic (adj.) believing that things will turn out well 4 diffusion (n.) the act of spreading 5 social influence (n.) occurs when a person's emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others Reproducible page 2

5 ANNOTATE Think about the structure of an informational text to complete each set of annotations, or notes. occurs when people don t intervene someone else will help show unfinished an article people copy others shows writer s choice to omit ending bystander effect Stand By Me or Be a Bystander An article by Caleb Anthony Garcia informational textstructure of an informational text Picture yourself on a bustling city sidewalk. Taxis honk, vendors sell hot sandwiches, and busy people fill the streets. Suddenly, someone shouts, Help me! It s then that you notice a man with his hand pressed against his chest. Immediately you think, this dude needs a doctor! You look back. The man is trembling 1 against a wall. The crosses your mind that you should do something but certainly someone else has dialed 911 right? Certainly someone in the crowd is a nurse or doctor right?... ellipsis (...)- ellipses- subjectsupporting idea #1- main idea- supporting idea #2- [1] The above situation could be described by two different newspaper headlines Local Man Has Heart Attack: Saved By Good Samaritans 2 or, on a less optimistic 3 note, Local Man Dies of Heart Attack: No One Did Anything. Sadly, the second action often happens because of the bystander effect. [2] The bystander effect happens when people don t intervene in an emergency simply because lots of people are around. According to psychologists, this effect happens for two reasons. [3] One reason is diffusion 4 of responsibility. When an emergency is unfolding around a large group, humans assume that others around them will get involved. Translation? Someone else will take care of the problem. [4] A second reason for the bystander effect is social influence. 5 In an emergency, people look at what other people are doing and act in a similar way. If a person is trying to help someone in trouble, others are more likely to become involved. If no one is helping, others are less likely to get involved. [5] The bystander effect has been seen in kids as young as 5 and is a common human response. However, it doesn t have to be common. When observing an emergency or an escalating situation, feel empowered to do something. Reach out to an adult or authority figure, such as a police officer or teacher. Don t just be a bystander! Reproducible page 3

6 ANALYZE & EVALUATE Compare and contrast the two texts by using the words and phrases in the box to complete the chart. Some might be used more than once. an unfinished Jealousy and fear can lead to cruel acts. narrative (science fiction) choice to leave out a resolution informational text (article) The bystander effect occurs when people don t intervene. Stand by me or be a bystander by Ray Bradbury by Caleb Anthony Garcia Genre Theme: Main Idea: Theme/Main Idea Use of Ellipsis Read the summary below. Used to show a character's Used to show a character's and a writer's The events that are part of the rising action in All Summer in a Day help the reader identify the theme. On the other hand, the supporting ideas in Stand By Me or Be A Bystander lead the reader to the main idea. What question is best answered by the summary? Circle the letter of the best answer. A. How do the authors demonstrate a character s unfinished or idea? B. What can the reader analyze to better understand the authors point or central message? C. What clues do the authors provide for understanding the meanings of words and phrases? Reproducible page 4

7 ANALYZE & EVALUATE Use the annotations and the chart above to respond to the following prompt. Be sure to use complete sentences. Define the bystander effect. Then, decide if the actions of the children in All Summer in a Day were motivated by diffusion of responsibility or social influence. Use evidence from both texts to support your answer. Reproducible page 5

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