We are not ordinarily aware of the connection between the people we are becoming and the types of history-making in which they might take part.

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1 Scilgical Eye Intrductin t Scilgy Scilgical Imaginatin - Intr We are nt rdinarily aware f the cnnectin between the peple we are becming and the types f histry-making in which they might take part. The shaping f histry nw (1959) utpaces ur ability t rient urselves with cherished values. Anmie - Rlelessness The Scilgical Imaginatin - Part 1 The first lessn f the scilgical imaginatin is fr individual bigraphies t lcate themselves within their histry. Mills writes, In many ways it is a terrible lessn; in many ways a magnificent ne. What culd he mean? Thse wh have dedicated themselves t studying the scial must ask themselves these three questins: 1. What is the structure f sciety? 2. Where in histry is the sciety lcated? 3. Wh are the players r actrs? 1 Scilgy B1 - R iess

2 Scilgical Eye Intrductin t Scilgy The Scilgical Imaginatin - Part 2 Private Truble Within the character f the individual. Within the range f his/her immediate lcale. Limited areas f scial life f which the individual is aware. Trubles and their reslutin reside within the individual. Public Issues Matters that transcend the lcal. Many milieu int the institutins f sciety as a whle. Values cherished by the public is threatened. An issue ften invlves a crisis in institutinal arrangements invlving what Marx referred t as : cntradictins and antagnisms. Examples frm Mills: Unemplyment 2 Scilgy B1 - R iess

3 Scilgical Eye Intrductin t Scilgy The Scilgical Imaginatin - Part 2 (Cntinued) Examples frm Mills: War Marriage The City Thery Thery: Set f statements that seeks t explain prblems, actins, r behavir. Effective theries have explanatry and predictive pwer Theries are never final statements abut human behavir. Durkheim had a Thery Suicide a private truble. Suicide a public issue. Durkheim, a skeptic if ever there was ne, asked if there were public issues at wrk in relatin t the private truble f suicide. Durkheim measured statistically significant rates f suicide based n t much r t little integratin r regulatin. Durkheim measured statistically significant rates f suicide based n t much r t little integratin r regulatin. Integratin - Hw cnnected individuals within a sciety feel in relatin t the sciety they inhabit. 3 Scilgy B1 - R iess

4 Scilgical Eye Intrductin t Scilgy Durkheim had a Thery (Cntinued) Suicide a public issue. Regulatin - Hw much cntrl a sciety impses upn thse individuals within that sciety. When there is a balance f integratin and/r regulatin within a sciety things are gd fr the ppulatin in that sciety. When there is t much r t little integratin and/r t much r t little regulatin within a sciety, things are nt as gd fr sme rate f peple within that ppulatin. Durkheim s Thery f Suicide Integratin Regulatin T Much T Little The Scilgical Eye Scilgy is difficult because we have been taught (scialized) t see the wrld in ways that are nnscilgical. We have been taught t embrace the principle f individualism. Scilgists recgnize that the scial envirnment makes sme chices easier and thers harder fr the individual. Chices Withut a scilgical imaginatin we are tempted t attack all prblems by treating individuals. With such a limited perspective, it s hard t see that sme f ur wrst prblems are the result f scial frces. 4 Scilgy B1 - R iess

5 Scilgical Eye Intrductin t Scilgy Kids Tday Anmie - Rlelessness N clear pathways t adult rles. Prlnged adlescence. Delayed ecnmic maturatin. Less pprtunity t pursue scietally-valued adult activities. Mre leisure, cnsumptin, and grming pprtunities. Earlier nset f puberty. Cuples Situated Scial Pwer Obstacles t intimacy (husewrk and sex). Wmen have t be pleasers. Men have t be tugh. Definitin f the Situatin - Review If peple define situatins as real, they [the situatins] are real in their cnsequences. -W.I. Thmas Hernand Washingtn Definitin f the situatin in Suth-Side Chicag. Public issues f Suth-Side Chicag. 5 Scilgy B1 - R iess

6 Scilgical Eye Intrductin t Scilgy Paradigms Intrductin Fur ways f knwing things: Aesthetically Mrally Empirically Interpretively Scilgy, the science, seeks t discver / knw things empirically. Scilgy has a(n): Epistemlgy Methdlgy Scilgists study anything and everything. Paradigms are a set f assumptins abut the nature f the scial wrld. Paradigms are like framewrks r lenses thrugh which bservatins abut the scial wrld are made. What des a paradigm d? What des a paradigm nt d? Why have paradigms? Symblic Interactinism Peple act depending n their perceptin. Peple are cntinuusly learning frm thse arund them hw t perceive reality. 6 Scilgy B1 - R iess

7 Scilgical Eye Intrductin t Scilgy Symblic Interactinism (Cntinued) Cnstant develpment, transmissin, and interpretatin f meanings. When peple attach different meanings t things there is the pprtunity fr misunderstandings r cnflict. Dramaturgy - Ervin Gffman. Scial Perfrmance Frntstage / backstage Scenes Scripts Cstumes Functinal Analysis Cnsensus abut what values and nrms are imprtant. Sciety is a whle made up f many integrated and interdependent parts. Change in ne part results in change in anther part. Sciety seeks stability r equilibrium. Cnflict r disequilibrium is dysfunctinal r pathlgical. Functinal Analysis - R.K. Mertn Manifest Functin Recgnized and intended cnsequences that peple bserve r expect scial pattern, behavir, institutin, r structure. Latent Functin Unrecgnized and/r unintended cnsequences that peple bserve r expect scial pattern, behavir, institutin, r structure. 7 Scilgy B1 - R iess

8 Scilgical Eye Intrductin t Scilgy Functinal Analysis - R.K. Mertn Scial Cntext (Institutins, patterns, structures) Prisn AMA Accreditatin Cllege Tenure Neighbrhd Party Riding Bike Cllege Briefcase Manifest Functin Latent Functin Cnflict Thery Within any sciety there are subgrups f peple wh ascribe t different and ften cmpeting/cnflicting values and gals. Subgrups are in ruthless cmpetitin fr scarce resurces. Cnflict is nrmal. Cnflict Thery - Feminist View Gender exists, is scial cnstructed, and has cnsequences fr bth genders. Sees inequality in gender as central t all behavir and rganizatin Prpnents tend t fcus n macr level Bradened scial behavir by extending analysis beynd male pint f view Paradigms Handut 8 Scilgy B1 - R iess