Gholam Hossein Javanmard a*, Rogayeh Mohammadi Garegozlo b

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1 Available online at Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scienc es 84 ( 2013 ) rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012) The Effectiveness Of Relaxation Training On Anxiety Of Disordered Children's Mothers Gholam Hossein Javanmard a*, Rogayeh Mohammadi Garegozlo b a Department of Psychology, Payam Noor university, PO. Box Tehran, Iran b Young Researchers Club of Islamic Azad university of Tabriz, Azad University of Tabriz, Iran Abstract This study was carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of relaxation exercises on the anxiety of mothers who have mentally retarded children. The method of this research was semi-experimental and effect study. For this purpose, 64 mothers, 32 of them were healthy children's mothers as a control group, and 32 of them were disordered children's mothers, who had at least one disordered child, example; mentally retarded, autistic, or CP, in rehabilitation centers, as an experimental group, were selected. Relaxation exercises were administrated on experimental group for two months, as every other day. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was administrated on two groups. Obtained data were analyzed by One Way Co-variation Analysis method. Results indicated that after emitting the effect of pre-test to post-test of groups, the difference of anxiety between two groups were 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Selection 2013 and Published peer-review by under Elsevier responsibility Ltd. of Selection Prof. Dr. Huseyin and peer Uzunboylu review & Dr. under Mukaddes the Demirok, responsibility Near East University, of Dr. Melehat Cyprus Halat Keywords: Relaxation, anxiety, mothers, mental disordered; 1. Introduction Researchers believe that the birth of handicapped child does such a traumatic and stressful factor which lead to Agamohamadian & Rajabi, 2008); lower public health (Dumas, Wolf & Fisman et al., 1991); stress (Gupta & Kaur, 2010); low self-esteem (Ahmadi, 1999; as cited in Narimani, Agamohamadian & Rajabi, 2008); stress, depression syndrome, and disrupted family (Kuhsali, et al, 2009); neurotic reactions (Khajehpour, 1999; as cited in Narimani, Agamohamadian & Rajabi, 2008); the low level of psychological well-being (Eisenhower, Baker & Blacher, 2005), aggression, anxiety, obsession, psychosis, somatization, and depression (Bayat, Salehi, & Bozorgnezhad, et al., 2011). Anxiety is a diffuse feeling, very unpleasant, and often vague feeling that is associated with autonomic Corresponding author name. Tel.: address: javanmardhosserin@gmail.com The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu & Dr. Mukaddes Demirok, Near East University, Cyprus doi: /j.sbspro

2 342 Gholam Hossein Javanmard and Rogayeh Mohammadi Garegozlo / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 84 ( 2013 ) nervous system signs. For example chest tightness, palpitations, sweating, headache, mild stomach discomfort, restlessness which is characterized by an inability to sit and stand (Kaplan-Saduk; translator: Pourafkari, 2008). and social relation with others like her children (Khanjani, 2006). The psychological damages also in children with emotional and psychological psychosomatic such as anxiety and insecurity sensation, is more than children with normal parents (Radic-yaro, et al. as cited in Khanjani, 2006). For removing and treating of anxiety, psychological interventions are more credible for people rather than medication. Psychological interventions which require less education and skill are more acceptable. One of these potential techniques is a relaxation method (Jorm, et al., 2009). Progressive Muscular Relaxation (PMR) is used to deal with stress and anxiety. PMR, in the nature, involves physiological effects opposite to those effects caused by psychological stress and PMR, in particular, decrease the Sympathetic Nervous System activity as well as increasing the Parasympathetic Nervous System activity. Therefore, PMR decreases heart rate, blood pressure, sweat gland activity, change patterns of brain waves, and decreases motor-physical activity. The aim of those methods of PMR which include muscle contraction exercises is to learn the person become more aware of tension experience. In this method, the person is taught self-monitoring method and learns how be aware of own status (Ahmadvand, 2008). Thus muscle relaxation therapy could be defined which included in its training procedure first tensing a muscle and then releasing that tension. The basic therapeutic claim of MRT is that tense, stressed, and anxious people can find relief from their distress and its physiological accompaniments by learning to reduce muscle tension (Conrad and Roth, 2007). Jamison (1965) believes that the parents with relaxation and rest opportunity have better conditions. There is no unique self-help approach as a healing prescription to deal with stress and anxiety. But, in addition to the important process of education and cognition, the combination of behavioral and cognitive methods along with changes of lifestyle is the comprehensive process dealing with anxiety and its gradual improvement. This research, therefore, was to know whether PMR exercises can be effective to reduce anxiety of exceptional 2. Methodology The present study was the semi-experimental study, in which we used the group pretest-posttest with control group design. In addition, the study also is the kind of effectiveness studies. The sample of the study comprised 64 mothers. The experimental group was selected with the available sampling method with inclusion criteria of having at least one and exclusion criteria is not being simultaneously under psychotherapy and psychological treatment mental disorder, i.e. mentally retarded, autistic or CP. Also 32 mothers were selected as control group with a same demographic characteristics. Relaxation group training took place for two months as every other day for the experimental group in Bonab rehabilitat with the help of Beck-2 Depression Questionnaire in two steps of pretest and posttest. In the experimental group, we faced with a drop in two persons of the sample. Finally, the earned information of 32 persons of witness group and 32 persons of the experimental group was analyzed using Co-variation Analysis Beck-2 Questionnaire This questionnaire includes 21 items with the score between 0 to 3 for each item and with the scores range between 0 to 63. Beck, Epstein, Brown, and Steer (1998) reported its internal consistency about In this study, protest.

3 Gholam Hossein Javanmard and Rogayeh Mohammadi Garegozlo / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 84 ( 2013 ) Intervention Technique Relaxation technique used in this study included the active relaxation stages, passive relaxation, reminded relaxation, and inspection process. This method was designed according to the strengths and weaknesses of inactive nerve- Wolpe, and Goldfried, and with regard to theoretical principles of breath control such as: over inspiration, low inspiration, conscious inspiration (Payne, 2005; translator: Sharifi & Goreishi, 2011), and it was associated with previous short forms by reducing the number of involved muscles in order to be applicable and feasible in short time. In this method, tension and relaxation exercise includes 8 muscle groups and exercises start from hand fingers and wrist and end to back of foot muscles. 3. Results The age range of mothers in this experiment was between 21 to 55 years, with an average age and standard deviation 7.76 years. Table 1. Pretest and posttest average and standard deviation with group separation in Beck questionnaire Group Test Stage Number Mean Standard Deviation Experimental Group Pretest Posttest Control Group Pretest Posttest According to the results of Table 1, the mean and standard deviation scores of anxiety were found in the pretest for experimental group , and for the control group , and in the post-test, for experimental group and for the control group Preliminary studies were done in order to ensure no violation of the assumptions of normality, linearity, the regression gradient (see Table 2), variance homogeneity (see Table 3), and reliability of co-variation variables measurements were changed. Table 2. The results of the same regression line slope analysis as the default co-variance analysis in anxiety dimension Source of Changes Sum of Squares df. Mean of Squares F-value Sig. Pretest Anxiety* Group The results of Table 2, shows that the significant level (0.32) is greater than Therefore, the regression homogeneity hypothesis is accepted. F df1 df2 Meaningful Level show that homogeneity of variances of two groups in anxiety has established in 95 percent confidence level. After being assured of establishing of the assumptions, one-way Covariance analysis was used to data analysis (see Table 4).

4 344 Gholam Hossein Javanmard and Rogayeh Mohammadi Garegozlo / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 84 ( 2013 ) Table 4. The results of co-variance analysis of anxiety post-test after pre-test balance Source of Changes Sum of Squares Degrees of Freedom Mean of Squares F-value Significant Level Anxiety Pre-test Group Error Total The results of one-way Co-variance analysis (see Table 4) show that when the effect of pretest is removed from the results of posttest related to groups, the difference between the groups is significant with 99 percent confidence, i.e., relaxation exercises to reduce the anxiety symptoms of mothers are effective (F = 79.75, df = 1,61; P < 0.001). 4. Discussion mothers. The effect of relaxation training in improving of peoples' psychological statement has been shown in several studies. They have been, for example, effective to reduce anxiety before ear, nose, and throat surgery of patients (Ebrahimi Nejad & Barzgar, 2008), life-quality improvement of epilepsy adolescents (Dasht Bozorgi, et al., 2011), the decrease of childbirth fear in women (Khorsandi et al., 2009), the decrease in sleep disorder in the third three months of pregnancy (Malekzadegan et al., 2011), the increase of milk secretion and reduce of anxiety in mothers who parturition and have been discharged from the hospital (Procelli, 2005), and reducing premenstrual syndrome (Lotfi Kashani, et al., 2008). Jamison (1965) believes that parents with relaxation and rest opportunity have better conditions. The continuous and relatively long, will lead to good results. In this study, the exercises were done three days a week for two months. Ahmadvand (2008) believes that most people can gain important and consistent results with thirty minute exercises for one month. The present study also showed that brief relaxation technique that has been used in this research, has the ability to use by a wide range of the society and this feature shows its usefulness and application. much its implication effects is stable and whether relaxation can be considered as medical intervention or not. Of course, this research showed that this technique alone also reduces stress symptoms. One of the advantages of relaxation is that its learning is simple and can also be implemented by non-specialists. Therefore, its training is recommended for the promotion of psychological health and the quality of vulnerable person's life like disordered References Ahmadvand, M. A. (2008). Mental health. Tehran: Payam Noor University. Bayat, M., Salehi, M., Bozorgnezhad, A., & Asghari, A. (2011). The comparison of psychological problems between parents of intellectual disabilities children and parents of normal children. World Applied Sciences Journal 12 (4): , 2011 Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G.K., and Steer, R.A. (1998). An inventory for measuring and clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. journal of consulting clinical psychology, 50, Dasht Bozorgi, B., Majdi Nasab, N., Sabeti, Z., Alijani, Renali, H., & Latifi, M. (2011). The study of the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the quality of the life of epilepsy adolescents. Journal of Medical Sciences of University of Medical Sciences. Of Ahvaz, Jondishapoor, No. 5, 9 years (68 consecutive) Dumas, J. E., Wolf, L. C., Fisman, S. N., & Culligan, A. child behavior problems, and dysphoria in parents of children with autism, Down syndrome, behavior disorders, and normal 110. Ebrahimi Nejad, M., & Barzgar, H. (2008). The study of the effect of relaxation on anxiety before surgery (ear, nose, and throat). B.A. thesis. Ferdousi Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology of Mashhad. Database of dissertations.

5 Gholam Hossein Javanmard and Rogayeh Mohammadi Garegozlo / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 84 ( 2013 ) Eisenhower, A. S., Baker, B. L., & Blacher, J. (2005). Preschool children with intellectual disability: Syndrome specificity, behavior problems, and maternal well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, Gupta, R. K., Kaur, H (2010). Stress among parents of children with intellectual disability. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal. Vol. 21 No Jamison, J.W. (1965). The impact of mental retardation on the family and some direction of help. Journal of the Notional Medical Association. March, 1965 Jorm.A. F, Morgan. A. J, & Hetrick. S. E. (2009). Relaxation for depression. U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Aug; 12(3):76-7 Kaviani, H., & Musavi, A. A. (1388). Interview and psychological tests. Tehran: Mehr Kavian. Khanjani, Z. (2011). Evolution and pathology of attachment from childhood to adolescence. Tabriz, Froozesh publication. Khorsandi, M., Ghoranipoor, F., Heydarnia, A. R., Fagihzadeh, S., Vafai, M., Rostam F., & Amin Shokravi, F. (2009). The effect of childbirth preparation classes on childbirth fear and normal delivery among primiparous women. Arak University of Medical Sciences Journal, 11(3), Kuhsali, M., Mirzamani, S. M., Karimlu, M., & Mirzamani, M. S. (2009). The comparing of social adjustment of mothers with mental retardation daughters. Behavioral Sciences Journal, 2(2), Summer 1387, Lotfi Kashani, F., Sarafraz, K., & Pasha Sharifi, H. (2008). The effect of muscle relaxation training in reducing symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Applied Psychology, 2(5) Malek Zadegan, A., Moradkhani, M., Ashayeri, H., & Hagani, H.(2011). The effect of relaxation exercises on sleep disorders in the third trimester of pregnancy. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery of Iran Medical Sciences University (Iran Nursing Journal), 23(64), Tir 1389, ers with -24 Pilusa, Ngeoakoana, E. (2006). The impact of mental retardation on family functioning. In The Faculty of Humanities Department of Social Work University of Pretoria. July 2006 Procelli, Danielle, E.(2005). The effects of music therapy and relaxation prior to breastfeeding on the anxiety of new mothers and the behavior state of their infants during feeding. Florida State University. Date of Defense: Soleimani, M., Mohamadkhani, P., & Dolatshahi, B. (2009). Effectiveness of Brief Group Interpersonal Psychotherapy in Reducing University Students' Depressive Symptoms and Its Effect on Attributional Style and Dysfunctional Attitude. Psychological Research, 11(1, 2), Tajeri, B., & Bahirayi, A. R. (2009). The comparing of the relationship between stress, religious attitudes, and awareness with acceptance of mental retardation male children with mothers. Exceptional Children Research, 9 years, No. 2, 1387, pp

Gholam Hossein Javanmard a *

Gholam Hossein Javanmard a * Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 84 ( 2013 ) 744 748 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012) Religious Beliefs and