THEORIES OF THE SELF Third Trimester, 2015

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1 1 This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of the American Psychoanalytic Association and the Institute for Psychoanalytic Education. The American Psychoanalytic Association is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The American Psychoanalytic Association designates this Live Activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit per hour of instruction. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Important Disclosure Information For All Learners: None of the planners and presenters of this CME program have any relevant financial relationships to disclose. The concept of the Self, while seemingly self-evident to anyone reflecting on her or his own experience, has nevertheless been elusive and/or controversial in psychoanalysis. This likely stems from the origins of psychoanalysis as a field of intra-psychic forces, which had taken the selfhood for granted as an entity within which those forces played on. The psychoanalytic examination of the self as well as of the object in their own terms (other than as objects of drives) was thus suspect as expressions of resistance against the intra-psychic focus. This course takes its point of departure from the view that the Self has clinical existence as it has existence in life. It issues from a deeply embedded psychophysiological core of bodily self-experience and develops through the process of laying down psychological engrams of its encounters with the world through its surface perceptions, proprioception and social contact. * In psychoanalytic terms, the Self is comprised of many self- representations, each of which is organized around these psychologically salient bodily and mental experiences. It is deeply rooted and inescapably personal. The course is an effort to highlight the concept of the Self from several perspectives of psychoanalytic thought, in the hopes that each may, alone or more likely in combination with others, revisit some salient theoretical propositions, illuminate clinical encounters and inform therapeutic ramifications accordingly. *See: Hartmann.E. : Comments on the Psychoanalytic Theory of the Ego, PSC, 1950, pp Luba Kessler, MD Ellie Gelman, PhD *Available on P-E-P

2 CLASS #1: Defining Self 2 Psychoanalytic and neuropsychoanalytic placement: Damasio. A. Self Comes to Mind, Pantheon Books, NY, Chapter 1, Awakening, pp *Hartmann, H. (1950). Comments on the Psychoanalytic Theory of the Ego. Psychoanal. St. Child, 5: pp paragraph from bottom of p. 84 to top of p.85. *Freud, S. (1923) The Ego and the Id Standard Edition, Vol. 19 Chapter II The Ego and the Id, pp Sletvold, J. (2013). The Ego and the Id Revisited: Freud and Damasio on the Body Ego/Self. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 94: Sketch of Human Brain Psychosociobiological Placement of Self Baumeister, R. (2011) Self and Identity: a brief overview of what they are, what they do, and how they work - Annals of the New York Academy of Science, vol. 1234/Perspectives on the Self, pp CLASS #2: Undifferentiated Psychophysiological Self/ Psychological Birth *Hartmann, H., Kris, E., Loewenstein, R.M. (1946). Comments on the Formation of Psychic Structure. Psychoanal. St. Child, Vol. 2, pp : a) the undifferentiated phase, p. 20; b) the self and the environment pp

3 Mahler, M., Pine F., &Bergman, A. - The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant, Basic Books, NY, Chapter 3, The Forerunners of the Separation-Individuation Process, pp *De Toffoli,C. (2011) The Living Body in the Psychoanalytic Experience. PQ, vol. 80/3, pp *Loewald, H. (1984). Review of The Selected Papers of Margaret S. Mahler (2 Vol) NY, Aronson, 1979, in JAPA, 32: *Gergely, G. (2000). Reapproaching Mahler: new Perspectives on Normal Autism, Symbiosis, Splitting and Libidinal Object Constancy from Cognitive Developmental Theory, JAPA, 48: CLASS #3: Intersubjectivity in the Formation of the Self: Infant Research Beebe, B. & Frank L. Lachman - Infant Research and Adult Treatment, Routledge, Chapter 2, A Dyadic Systems View, pp Chapter 8, Three Principles of Salience in the Organization of the Patient-Analyst Interaction: The Case of Clara pp *Stern, D. The Interpersonal World of the Infant, A View from Psychoan and Developmental Psychology, Basic Books, NY, Chapter 1, A Central Role for the Sense of Self, pp Chapter2, Perspectives and Approaches to Infancy, pp

4 CLASS #4: Self Psychology: Selfobject in Transmuting Internalization 4 Kohut, H. The Restoration of the Self, IUP, Chapter 2, Does Psychoanalysis Need a Psychology of the Self?, pp *Tolpin, M. (1971) On the Beginnings of the Cohesive Self: an Application of the Concept of Transmuting Internalization to the Study of the Transitional Object and Signal Anxiety, PSC, Vol. 26: CLASS #5: Libidinization *Freud, S. (1905). Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. Standard Edition, Vol. 7 III. The Transformations of Puberty: [5]The Finding of an Object: The Sexual Object During Early Infancy, pp Spitz, R., & Cobliner, G. - The First Year of Life. IUP, NY, Chapter 4, The Cradle of Perception, pp. 61 bottom of 65 Jacobson, E. -The Self and the Object World, IUP, NY, Chapter 3, Fusions of Self and Object Images, pp ; Mahler, M., Pine F., &Bergman, A. - The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant, Basic Books, NY, Chapter 4, The First Sub-Phase: Differentiation and the Development of the Body Image, pp

5 [Laplanche, J. (2011) Freud and the Sexual: Essays , ed. Fletcher,J. International Psychoanalytic Books 5 Or - Essay 2, Sexuality and Attachment in Metapsychology, pp *Lichtenstein, H. (1961).- Identity and Sexuality a Study of Their Interrelationship in Man, JAPA, 9: ] *Lehtonen, J. ( 2006) Nascent Body Ego: Metapsychological and Neurophysiological Aspects, IJP, 87: CLASS #6: Identification Jacobson, E. -The Self and the Object World, IUP, NY, Chapter 3, Fusion of Self and Object Images, pp ; --Chapter 4, The Child s Discovery of his Identity and his Advance to Object Relations and Selective Identification, pp ; Jacobson, E. The Self and the Object World,IUP, NY, Chapter 5, The Child s Finding of His Sexual Identity and the Building Up of His Ego, pp ; --Chapter 9, Developmental Trends in Latency Child and the Relations of Guilt to Shame and Inferiority Conflicts, pp , in

6 -- Chapter 11, The Instinctual and Emotional Conflicts of the Adolescent and the Remodeling and Growth of His Psychic Structures, pp Chapter 8, The Organization and Integration of Different Superego Components into a Consolidated Functional System, pp CLASS #7: Introjection *Bollas, C. 9 (1982) On the Relation to the Self as an Object, IJP, 63: [*Ogden, T. (2010) Why Read Fairbairn, IJP, 91: or *Fairbairn, W.R. (1941). A Revised Psychopathology of the Psychoses and Psychoneuroses. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 22: ] CLASS #8: Self Psychology: Idealization Rudimentary Self Kohut, H. The Restoration of the Self, IUP, Chapter 2, Does Psychoanalysis Need a Psychology of the Self?, pp Selfobject Transferences *Kohut, H. & Wolf,E. (1978) The Disorders of the Self and their Treatment: An Outline. Int. J. Psycho- Anal., Vol. 59:

7 7 *Miller, J.P. (1985) How Kohut Actually Worked Progress in Self Psychology, 1: *Bollas, C. (1986) - Who Does Self Psychology Cure, Psychoanalytic Inquiry,6, CLASS #9: The Endangered Self: Self Preservation/Self Esteem/Shame Freud: Danger Situations *Freud, S. - Inhibitions, Symptoms, and Anxiety, Standard Edition, Vol. 20, Chapter 7 through end of Chapter 8, pp. 128 (bottom) Self Psychology: Self Esteem Kohut, H. -- The Restoration of the Self, IUP, Chapter 2, Does Psychoanalysis Need a Psychology of the Self? pp Self Psychology: Shame *Broucek, F.J. (1982). Shame and its Relationship to Early Narcissistic Developments. Int. J. Psycho- Anal., 63: CLASS #10: Psychic Envelope Skin Ego:

8 8 *Freud, S. -The Ego and the Id, Standard Edition, Vol. 19, Chapter 2, pp (especially 25 26) Anzieu, D. - The Skin Ego, Yale University Press, New Haven, Chapter 7, The Functions of the Skin Ego, pp *Sabbadini, A.; Lemma, A.; Harrang, C.; De Ceglie, D. (2012) Three Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Pedro Almodovar s The Skin I Live In (2011), IJP, pp Narrative Self: Schafer, R ( 1992) Retelling a Life: Narration and Dialogue in Psychoanalysis, Basic Books,NY -Chapter 2, Narratives of the Self, pp *Freud, S. _ The Interpretation of Dreams, Standard Edition, Vol. 5, Chapter 6 (I) Secondary Revision *Stern, D. The Interpersonal World of the Infant, A View from Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology, Basic Books, NY, Chapter 8, The Sense of a Verbal Self