Raymond Nelson, Mark Handler and Chip Morgan
|
|
- Penelope Lamb
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Criterion Validity of DLST and ESS with Inexperience Examiners Criterion Validity of the Directed Lie Screening Test and the Empirical Scoring System with Inexperienced Examiners and Non-naive Examinees in a Laboratory Setting Abstract Raymond Nelson, Mark Handler and Chip Morgan A cohort of inexperienced polygraph examiner trainees from the Iraqi National Information and Investigative Agency (NIIA) and Director General for Intelligence and Security (DGIS) Polygraph Programs used the Directed Lie Screening Test (DLST) with non-naive examinees in a mock espionage scenario as part of their field-training activities. Unweighted decision accuracy was.855 with an inconclusive rate of.086. There were no significant differences in the distribution of deceptive and truthful scores and the distributions of scores from a previous Monte Carlo study on the DLST. A series of two-way analyses showed there were no significant differences between criterion accuracy achieved by ESS scores of DLST examinations and that reported in the development studies on the Test for Espionage and Sabotage. Introduction The directed lie screening test (DLST) (Handler, Nelson & and Blalock, 2008) was developed by the United States Department of Defense as the Test for Espionage and Sabotage (TES) (Department of Defense, 2006; Research Division Staff, 1995a; Research Division Staff, 1995b). Although originally developed for use in federal security screening settings, the TES has been adapted to use in municipal law enforcement selection and postconviction supervision programs. Prior to the development of this format, PDD screening formats consisted primarily of the family of modified general question techniques (MGQT) which can be traced back to the general question technique (GQT) of Reid (1947). Like all screening tests, the DLST is conducted in the absence of any known incident, known allegation, or known problem. Also like other PDD screening formats, the DLST is designed for use with multiple independent targets for which it is conceivable that an examinee may be involved in one or more target behaviors while remaining uninvolved in other investigation targets. The DLST is similar to other PDD formats in its use of test questions, including the use of multiple presentations of a thoroughly reviewed sequence of relevant questions (RQs), comparison questions (CQs), and other procedural questions. Unlike other PDD screening formats, the DLST was designed to maximize testing efficiency with several presentations of all test stimuli within a single test question sequence, without the need to stop or deflate the cuff in between the successive iterations of the test stimuli. Although not unique to the DLST, this examination format is always conducted using directed-lie comparison questions. Development studies on the DLST were based on the seven-position manual test data analysis (TDA) method taught at the Department of Defense during the 1990s (Department of Defense, 2006). Since that time there has been an increased emphasis on evidence-based TDA models and evidencebased practices. This emphasis has led to a reduction of scored physiological features, from 23 or more features to approximately 12 primary and secondary features that have We are extremely grateful to Sabino Martinez, Pat O Burke, Akram Sabri Jwad Al NDawi, Mohammed Ahmed Mufeed Kider, Rabea Minhal Araf Al Rubaii, Mohammed Abdul Jabar Al Dulaymi, Mahmood Shaker Raheem, Mohammed Ali Kader, Mina Khadim Al Juburi, Baydaa Hammood Al-Hadeethi, Hassan Falih Hatim (Algaboory), Noor Ismaeel (Al Rubaee), Mohammed Khames Dhari (al Delemi), Asaad Kazim Hassan. Without the commitment of these professionals none of this work would have been accomplished. Polygraph, 2012, 41(3) 176
2 Nelson, Handler & Morgan been shown repeatedly to be the most robust diagnostic indicators of deception or truthtelling (Harris, Horner & McQuarrie, 2000; Kircher & Raskin, 1988; Kircher, Kristjiansson, Gardner & Webb, 2005; Raskin, Kircher, Honts & Horowitz, 1988). These features have been further reduced to only those considered to be primary features (Dutton, 2000; Harris et al., 2000; Honts & Driscoll, 1987; Kircher et al., 2005; Krapohl & McManus, 1999; Raskin et al., 1988). Nelson, Krapohl and Handler (2008), in a validation study on the Objective Scoring System, version 3, (OSS-3) showed that empirically based manual TDA model, the Empirical Scoring System (ESS), could be used effectively by inexperienced examiners. Other studies have extended the validation data on the ESS (Krapohl, 2010; Nelson, 2011; Nelson & Blalock, in press; Nelson & Krapohl, 2011; Nelson, Blalock & Handler, 2011; Nelson, Blalock, Oelrich & Cushman, 2011; Nelson, Handler, Blalock & Cushman, submitted; Nelson, Handler, Morgan & O'Burke, 2012). Nelson and Handler (2012) used Monte Carlo methods to show that DLST examinations can be interpreted using the ESS with criterion accuracy that is significantly greater than chance. Previous studies on the DLST included examinee participants who were considered naïve regarding the polygraph test and its administration. Studies have suggested that undetected physical or mental countermeasures can reduce PDD accuracy (Honts, Hodes & Raskin, 1985; Honts, Raskin & Kircher, 1987; Honts, Raskin & Kircher, 1994), but that access to information regarding PDD examinations does not substantially degrade the test accuracy (Honts & Alloway, 2007; Rovner, 1979; Rovner, 1986). The present study is intended to investigate the criterion validity of ESS results for the DLST when administered to non-naive examinees by inexperienced examiners. The hypothesis was that the DLST can detect deception and truthfulness at rates greater than chance when scored using the ESS. Method Eight polygraph examiner trainees, employed with the Ministry of Defense and Ministry of the Interior in Iraq, participated in this study during their ninth week of training. Three of the participants were female. Ages of the participants ranged from 28 to 42 years. All of the participants had completed four-year college degrees. None of the participants were taking medications for chronic pain, cardiovascular illness, or mental health reasons. Participation in the study was voluntary, and had no effect on the training or employment status of the participants. No harm came to any of the participants as a result of participation in this study. This study took place in Iraq, in an area known as Forward Operating Base (FOB) Union III. All participants in this study functioned as both PDD examiner and examinee. A laboratory scenario was developed in which study participants were randomly assigned to guilty and innocent groups, with four participants in each group. The principal investigator (RN) was blind to the criterion status of the participants until after the completion of the laboratory and testing activities and data analysis. Guilty participants were assigned to commit a mock espionage scenario, in which they were told to open an envelope and follow the instructions inside. Instructions required the guilty participants to leave the training room individually at predetermined times and walk to a nearby location at which they were to hand an envelope, marked secret information to a man wearing a blue shirt with the number 3 on his sleeve. The man identified himself as a member of an antigovernment group. The man wearing the blue shirt was a confederate in the study, and a linguist contractor working in support of US forces and the Iraq government. The envelope marked secret information contained a blank business card, and no secret information was actually released to persons associated with anti-government groups as a result of this study. In exchange for the envelope the confederate gave each guilty participant a token that could be exchanged for merchandise at the post exchange (PX). Innocent participants were provided identical envelopes which contained information instructing them to leave the training room individually at predetermined times, walk to a nearby location and then return to the training room. Innocent participants were instructed to answer that they were taking a 177 Polygraph, 2012, 41(3)
3 Criterion Validity of DLST and ESS with Inexperience Examiners break for some exercise if questioned by anyone regarding their presence outside the training room. Following the completion of the scenario each participant was tested by each of the other participants, using the DLST format. Examination questions, including investigation target questions, directed lie comparison questions, and procedural questions were standardized for all participants. All examinations were conducted in Arabic. Examination targets pertained to providing secret information to persons belonging to anti-government groups, and having unauthorized contact with persons belonging to anti-government groups. Testing activities took place over two days. Examinations were conducted without the use of an acquaintance test. Participants were required to repeat examinations that resulted in inconclusive results. Nine inconclusive examinations were repeated. Four of those examinations resulted in a deceptive classifications after retesting. No post-test discussion was completed following any of the examinations. However, the participants were provided an opportunity to debrief the experience individually and as a group following the completion of all study activities. Participants were required to maintain secrecy regarding their role involvement during study, and there were no discovered lapses or breaches of information for the roles of the participants. Study participants were given one day of instruction and practice using the DLST before beginning the study activities. The original design was for each of the eight study participants to conduct seven examinations on the other participants, for a total of 56 examinations. However, one participant became sick during the study. This participant was tested by the other participants but was not able to function adequately to participate effectively as an examiner. The participant was released from the study and the remainder of the field PDD training requirements due to the illness. Forty-nine examinations were completed, including 24 examinations of guilty participants and 25 examinations of innocent participants. DLST examination data were scored using an automated version of the ESS TDA model. The automated ESS consisted of automated measurement of physiological features, automated transformation to integer scores, and automated execution of decision rules. The automated ESS model adhered to the same procedures used when manually scoring DLST PDD examination data, in that each RQ was compared to the stronger of the nearby comparison questions. Because previous studies have suggested that pneumograph data may not be diagnostic with directed lie exams (Bell, Kircher, Bernhardt, 2008; Kircher et al., 2008; Kircher, Packard, Bell & Bernhardt, 2001), pneumograph scores were not included in the automated ESS model for DLST exams. Nelson and Handler (2012) described the development of Monte Carlo norms for DLST examinations scored with the ESS. Appendix A showed the normative data. There were no differences in the frequencies of correct, inconclusicve and erroneous results when the examinations were scored with and without the pneumograph data. Nelson, Handler, Blalock and Cushman (submitted) showed that an automated ESS model can replicate manual ESS scores with no significant differences in criterion accuracy. Alpha was set at.05 for deceptive classifications and alpha =.1 for truthful classifications. The decision rule for the automated ESS model was the spot-score-rule (SSR) (Light, 1999; Swinford, 1999). ESS cutscores corresponding to these alpha levels were -3 and +1, meaning that any subtotal score of -3 or lower would be statistically significant for deception (p <.05), while test results in which all subtotal scores are +1 or greater would be statistically significant for truth-telling (p <.1). Bonferonni correction to the alpha cutscore for deceptive classifications is not used with PDD examinations in which it is assumed the investigate target questions are independent. However, an inverse of the Šidák correction for independent issues is used to correct for the deflation of alpha that occurs when calculating the normative probability that an examinee would produce a statistically significant truthful result to all investigation targets while lying to one or more of the independent issues. Polygraph, 2012, 41(3) 178
4 Nelson, Handler & Morgan Means, standard deviations, and statistical confidence intervals were calculated for a dimensional profile of criterion accuracy, including: sensitivity, specificity, inclusive results for deceptive and truthful cases, falsepositive and false-negative errors, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, percent of correct decisions for the deceptive and truthful cases, and the unweighted means of the percent correct and inconclusive results for deceptive and truthful cases. Distributions of scores were compared to scores obtained from another study (Nelson & Handler, (2012) using multivariate AVOVAs, and the dimensional profile of criterion accuracy was compared, using unbalanced multivariate ANOVAs, to criterion accuracy as reported in development and validation studies on the TES (Research Division Staff, 1995a; Research Division Staff, 1995b). Results All statistical results were evaluated with a level of significance set at alpha =.05. The mean deceptive subtotal score was (SD = 3.131), and the mean truthful subtotal score was (SD = 2.299). Comparison of these values with the distribution parameters from an earlier Monte Carlo study of the DLST (Nelson & Handler, 2012) for which the mean deceptive subtotal was (SD = 3.531) and the mean truthful subtotal score was (SD = 3.460). An unbalanced two-way ANOVA comparison, sample x status, showed an interaction between the sample and case status (F [1,131] = 7.201, p =.008). Unbalanced ANOVA, using the harmonic mean, was necessary due to differences in sample size. The interaction of means can be seen in Figure 1. Post-hoc one-way analysis showed no significant differences between the Monte Carlo distribution and the laboratory study distributions for the deceptive cases (F [1,63] = 2.085, p =.154) or the truthful cases (F [1,63] = 0.731, p =.396), and suggested the interaction was due to the differences in sample size. Table 1 shows the DLST criterion accuracy profile for ESS cores. Figure 1. Mean deceptive and truthful scores for Monte Carlo (MC) and laboratory (Iraq) samples. 179 Polygraph, 2012, 41(3)
5 Criterion Validity of DLST and ESS with Inexperience Examiners Table 1. DLST Criterion accuracy Unweighted Accuracy Unweighted Inc Sensitivity Specificity FN Error FP Error D Inc T Inc PPV NPV D Correct T Correct Mean (SD) {95% CI}.855 (.036) {.783 to.927}.086 (.026) {.034 to.137}.628 (.068) {.493 to.763}.950 (.030) {.890 to.999}.209 (.057) {.096 to.321}.039 (.027) {.001 to.092}.162 (.051) {.060 to.263}.010 (.014) {.001 to.037}.940 (.041) {.860 to.999}.819 (.051) {.717 to.921}.750 (.067) {.618 to.882}.960 (.027) {.906 to.999} The proportion of agreement between manual ESS scores and the automated ESS scores was compared to the automated ESS scores using a bootstrap of 1000 iterations. Excluding inconclusive results, the proportion of decision agreement was.911 (SEM =.042) with a 95% confidence range from.828 to.994. Criterion accuracy results from this study were aggregated together, using weighted averaging, with the results from the earlier Monte Carlo study on the DLST (Nelson & Handler, 2012), and the results were compared to the weighted aggregation of the criterion accuracy profile from the TES development and validation studies (Research Division Staff, 1995a; Research Division Staff, 1995b) in a two-way ANOVA for sample x case status. Figure 2 shows the pattern of mean differences. Results in this analysis were calculated with the inclusion of inconclusive and false-positive error cases that were removed from the reported results of the TES studies. There was a significant interaction of means for correct decisions (F [1,196] = , p <.001), inconclusives (F [1,196] = , p <.001) and errors (F [1,196] = , p <.001). These interactions prevented interpretation of the within group differences without additional analysis. Polygraph, 2012, 41(3) 180
6 Nelson, Handler & Morgan Figure 2. Criterion accuracy for aggregated TES development and aggregated DLST ESS studies. A series of one-way post hoc ANOVAs showed there were no significant differences in the proportion of correct decisions for deceptive cases (F [1,98] = 0.748, p =.389) or truthful cases (F [1,98 = 0.572, p =.451). Neither were there any significant differences for deceptive cases (F [1,98] = 0.004, p =.952) or truthful cases (F [1,98] = 0.870, p =.353) for the proportions of inconclusive results. Similarly, differences in the proportions of errors was not significant for deceptive cases (F [1,98] = 0.975, p =.326) or truthful cases (F [1,98] = 0.373, p =.542). Discussion These results support the validity of the hypothesis that ESS scores of DLST examinations of non-naive examinees can differentiate deception from truth-telling at rates that are statistically significantly greater than chance (p <.001). There were no significant differences in the distributions of ESS scores of the DLST examinations and the distributions of scores from an earlier Monte Carlo study of ESS scores of DLST exams. In addition, comparison of the aggregated DLST criterion accuracy profile to that of the aggregated TES development and validation studies revealed no statistically significant differences in the criterion accuracy, and suggest the DLST is capable of maintaining greater than chance criterion accuracy levels with non-naive examinees. These results replicate the results of earlier studies which showed that information regarding the PDD examination does not substantially degrade accuracy. Taken together with the results of previous studies involving experienced examiners, these results also indicate that the DLST is a robust technique that can be used effectively by examiners with a wide range of experience. Although there were no significant differences between the results of this study and those of other studies on the DLST, the degree to which study results will generalize to real world settings is always unknown. Some important differences exist between a laboratory study of the present design and field settings. First, the examinees in this study did not report, and were not observed, attempting to defeat the test results with countermeasure strategies. It can be assumed that deceptive examinees in information security contexts may be more motivated to attempt a variety of measures to alter or disrupt the test result. It can also be assumed that persons involved in espionage or information security breaches are aware of their vulnerability to potential consequences 181 Polygraph, 2012, 41(3)
7 Criterion Validity of DLST and ESS with Inexperience Examiners of great magnitude if they are caught engaging in espionage or caught attempting to falsify their PDD examination results. It is impossible to know with certainty how these forces would manifest themselves in test results in field settings. Although the literature at this time suggests that countermeasure attempts are not highly effective, future studies should continue to investigate the issues of motivation and level of sophistication regarding attempts to defeat or alter the PDD examination results. An obvious limitation of this study involves the lack of information regarding question specificity. Published studies do not yet support the notion that the PDD examination can differentiate deception and truthfulness between the individual questions within a single exam. That is, PDD examinations have not been shown to be able to determine with high accuracy that an examinee has lied to one or more individual questions while being truthful to others. The practical implication of this has been that PDD examination results are interpreted at the level of the test as a whole, even though the test result may be determined by evaluating responses to individual questions. Future research should continue to investigate polygraph decision models and statistical decision theory regarding tests for which the examination stimuli are assumed to be independent. Despite the obvious limitations that are inherent to any small-scale study, two important points are worth noting. First, the examiners in this study can be considered to be the least experienced examiners available to participate in a study of this type. Second, the examinees in this study were decisively non-naive, to the point of administering the same examination on every other participant. Examinees in this study can be assumed to have been fully conversant with the investigation targets, comparison questions, psychological basis of testing, and method of test data analysis. It is hoped that the design of the present study will permit some cautious assumptions to be considered, including that experienced examiners may be able to produce better results than this while testing examinees who are almost certainly less familiar with the details of PDD testing. This should be the focus of continued research. Data at the this time suggest continued interest in the DLST as a viable screening mechanism that can be used effectively by examiners with a wide range of experience and with examinees whom may possess a nonnaive level of information regarding operational aspects of the PDD test. These data also suggest continued interest in the ESS as a viable method for TDA of screening examinations. Polygraph, 2012, 41(3) 182
8 Nelson, Handler & Morgan References Bell, B. G., Kircher, J. C. & Bernhardt, P.C. (2008). New measures improve the accuracy of the directed-lie test when detectingg deception using a mock crime. Physiology and Behavior, 94, Department of Defense (2006). Federal psychophysiological detection of deception examiner handbook. Reprinted in Polygraph, 40(1), Dutton, D. (2000). Guide for performing the objective scoring system. Polygraph, 29, Handler, M., Nelson, R. & Blalock, B. (2008). A focused polygraph technique for PCSOT and law enforcement screening programs. Polygraph, 37(2), Harris, J., Horner, A. & McQuarrie, D. (2000). An evaluation of the criteria taught by the department of defense polygraph institute for interpreting polygraph examinations. Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory. SSD-POR-POR Honts, C. R. & Alloway, W.R. (2007). Information does not affect the validity of a comparison question test. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 12, Honts, C. R. & Driscoll, L.N. (1987). An evaluation of the reliability and validity of rank order and standard numerical scoring of polygraph charts. Polygraph, 16, Honts, C. R., Hodes, R. L. & Raskin, D.C. (1985). Effects of physical countermeasures on the physiological detection of deception. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(1), Honts, C. R., Raskin, D. C. & Kircher, J.C. (1987). Effects of physical countermeasures and their electromyographic detection during polygraph tests for deception. Psychophysiology, 1, Honts, C. R., Raskin, D. C. & Kircher, J.C. (1994). Mental and physical countermeasures reduce the accuracy of polygraph tests. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, Horowitz, S. W., Kircher, J. C., Honts, C. R. & Raskin, D.C. (1997). The role of comparison questions in physiological detection of deception. Psychophysiology, 34, Kircher, J. C. & Raskin, D.C. (1988). Human versus computerized evaluations of polygraph data in a laboratory setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, Kircher, J. C., Kristjiansson, S. D., Gardner, M. K. & Webb, A. (2005). Human and computer decision-making in the psychophysiological detection of deception. University of Utah. Krapohl, D. (2010). Short report: A test of the ESS with two-question field cases. Polygraph, 39, Krapohl, D. & McManus, B. (1999). An objective method for manually scoring polygraph data. Polygraph, 28, Light, G. D. (1999). Numerical evaluation of the Army zone comparison test. Polygraph, 28, Nelson, R. (2011). Monte Carlo study of criterion validity for two-question Zone Comparison Tests with the Empirical Scoring System, seven-position and three-position scoring models. Polygraph, 40, Polygraph, 2012, 41(3)
9 Criterion Validity of DLST and ESS with Inexperience Examiners Nelson, R. & Blalock, B. (In press). Extended analysis of Senter, Waller and Krapohl's USAF MGQT examination data with the Empirical Scoring System and the Objective Scoring System, version 3. Polygraph. Nelson, R., Blalock, B. & Handler, M. (2011). Criterion validity of the Empirical Scoring System and the Objective Scoring System, version 3 with the USAF Modified General Question Technique. Polygraph 40(3), Nelson, R., Blalock, B., Oelrich, M. & Cushman, B. (2011). Reliability of the Empirical Scoring System with expert examiners. Polygraph, 40(3), Nelson, R. & Handler, M. (2012). Monte Carlo study of criterion validity of the Directed Lie Screening Test using the Empirical Scoring System and the Objective Scoring System version 3. Polygraph, 41(3), Nelson, R., Handler, M., Blalock, B. & Cushman, B. (Submitted). Blind scoring of confirmed federal You-Phase examinations by experienced and inexperienced examiners: Criterion validity with the Empirical Scoring System and the seven-position model. Polygraph. Nelson, R., Handler, M., Morgan, C., O'Burke, P., (2012). Short Report: Criterion validity of the United States Air Force Modified General Question Technique and Iraqi scorers. Polygraph, 41, Nelson, R. & Krapohl, D. (2011). Criterion validity of the Empirical Scoring System with experienced examiners: Comparison with the seven-position evidentiary model using the Federal Zone Comparison Technique. Polygraph, 40(2), Nelson, R., Krapohl, D. & Handler, M. (2008). Brute force comparison: A Monte Carlo study of the Objective Scoring System version 3 (OSS-3) and human polygraph scorers. Polygraph, 37, Raskin, D., Kircher, J. C., Honts, C. R. & Horowitz, S.W. (1988). A study of the validity of polygraph examinations in criminal investigations. Final Report, National Institute of Justice, Grant No. 85-IJ-CX Reid, J. E. (1947). A revised questioning technique in lie detection tests. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 37, Research Division Staff (1995a). Psychophysiological detection of deception accuracy rates obtained using the test for espionage and sabotage. DTIC AD Number A Department of Defense Polygraph Institute. Fort Jackson, SC. Reprinted in Polygraph, 27, (3), Research Division Staff (1995b). A comparison of psychophysiological detection of deception accuracy rates obtained using the counterintelligence scope Polygraph and the test for espionage and sabotage question formats. DTIC AD Number A Department of Defense Polygraph Institute. Fort Jackson, SC. Reprinted in Polygraph, 26(2), Rovner, L. I. (1979). The effects of information and practice on the accuracy of physiological detection of deception. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Rovner, L. I. (1986). Accuracy of physiological detection of deception for subjects with prior knowledge. Polygraph, 15(1), Swinford, J. (1999). Manually scoring polygraph charts utilizing the seven-position numerical analysis scale at the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute. Polygraph, 28, Polygraph, 2012, 41(3) 184
10 Nelson, Handler & Morgan Appendix A Monte Carlo norms for DLST subtotal scores with the Empirical Scoring System Deceptive Mean = (SD = 3.531) Truthful Mean = (SD = 3.460) Parameters were truncated to integer scores +2 (3) and -2 (3) to produce the following lookup table. Truthful Lookup Table (based on the normative distribution of deceptive scores) Šidák corrected Cutscore p-value (alpha) DLST Subtotal Scores Deceptive Lookup Table (based on the normative distribution of deceptive scores) Cutscore p-value (alpha) < < Polygraph, 2012, 41(3)
Raymond Nelson, Mark Handler, Ben Blalock and Barry Cushman
Blind Scoring of Confirmed Federal You-Phase Examinations by Experienced and Inexperienced Examiners: Criterion Validity with the Empirical Scoring System and the Seven-Position Model Raymond Nelson, Mark
More informationScoring Respiration When Using Directed Lie Comparison Questions
Honts & Handler Scoring Respiration When Using Directed Lie Comparison Questions Charles R. Honts and Mark Handler Abstract Recent research reports that respiration responses to directed lie comparison
More informationMonte Carlo Estimates of the Validity of Four Relevant Question Polygraph Examinations
Monte Carlo Estimates of the Validity of Four Relevant Question Polygraph Examinations David C. Raskin 1, Charles Honts 2, Raymond Nelson 3 and Mark Handler 4 Abstract Monte Carlo methods were used to
More informationThe Empirical Basis for the Use of Directed Lie Comparison Questions in Diagnostic and Screening Polygraphs
The Empirical Basis for the Use of Directed Lie Comparison Questions in Diagnostic and Screening Polygraphs Benjamin Blalock, Raymond Nelson, Mark Handler, and Pam Shaw There has been some question as
More informationInformation Gain of the Directed Lie Screening Test
Information Gain of the Directed Lie Screening Test Mark Handler, Charles R. Honts, and Raymond Nelson 1 Abstract We adapted the Information Gain (IG) analysis procedures described by Honts and Schweinle
More informationEmpirical Scoring System: A Cross-cultural Replication and Extension Study of Manual Scoring and Decision Policies
ESS and Decision Rules Empirical Scoring System: A Cross-cultural Replication and Extension Study of Manual Scoring and Decision Policies Mark Handler, Raymond Nelson, Walt Goodson and Matt Hicks "The
More informationMohegan Sun Casino/Resort Uncasville, CT AAPP Annual Seminar
Mohegan Sun Casino/Resort Uncasville, CT 06382 2016 AAPP Annual Seminar Low Base Rate Screening Survival Analysis 1 & Successive Hurdles Mark Handler 2 AAPP Research & Information Chair Greetings my fellow
More informationTech Talk: Using the Lafayette ESS Report Generator
Raymond Nelson Included in LXSoftware is a fully featured manual score sheet that can be used with any validated comparison question test format. Included in the manual score sheet utility of LXSoftware
More informationScientific Basis for Polygraph Testing
Nelson Scientific Basis for Polygraph Testing Raymond Nelson Abstract Published scientific literature is reviewed for comparison question polygraph testing and its application to diagnostic and screening
More informationMeta-Analytic Survey of Criterion Accuracy of Validated Polygraph Techniques
Meta-Analytic Survey of Criterion Accuracy of Validated Polygraph Techniques Report Prepared For The American Polygraph Association Board of Directors Nate Gordon, President (2010-2011) by The Ad-Hoc Committee
More informationNo Lie! Caveats and Cautions in the use of Polygraphy. No Lie! Caveats and Cautions in the use of Polygraphy. Roadmap. The Polygraph Test
Lie! Caveats and Cautions in the use of y John JB Allen, Ph.D. University of Arizona Lie! Caveats and Cautions in the use of y John JB Allen, Ph.D. University of Arizona The Test does not detect lies The
More informationAPA STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (Effective October 10, 2017)
APA STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (Effective October 10, 2017) 1 Statement of Purpose: To promote the highest degree of decision accuracy in credibility assessment, the APA establishes for its membership the following
More informationNo Lie! Caveats and Cautions in the use of Polygraphy. John JB Allen, Ph.D. University of Arizona
No Lie! Caveats and Cautions in the use of Polygraphy John JB Allen, Ph.D. University of Arizona No Lie! Caveats and Cautions in the use of Polygraphy John JB Allen, Ph.D. University of Arizona jallen.faculty.arizona.edu/polygraph
More informationAPA STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (Effective September 1, 2015)
APA STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (Effective September 1, 2015) 1 Statement of Purpose: To promote the highest degree of decision accuracy in credibility assessment, the APA establishes for its membership the
More informationFrequently Asked Questions about Validated Techniques and the Meta-Analysis
Frequently Asked Questions about Validated Techniques and the Meta-Analysis 1. Is the list of validated techniques to be considered a standard of practice? 2. What is a meta-analysis and why do we need
More informationAPA Research Committee Report: Proposed Usage for an Event-specific AFMGQT Test Format 1
APA Research Committee Report: Proposed Usage for an Event-specific AFMGQT Test Format 1 Raymond Nelson, Mark Handler, Marty Oelrich and Barry Cushman Abstract The members of the APA research committee
More informationInformation Gain of the Relevant-Irrelevant Test
Information Gain of the Relevant-Irrelevant Test Charles R. Honts 1 and Mark Handler 2 Abstract We adapted the Information Gain (IG) analysis procedures described by Honts and Schweinle (2009) to the Relevant
More informationAre you in Switzerland right now? (No) Have you deliberately done anything to try and beat this test?
EUROPEAN POLYGRAPH Key Words: Integrated Zone Comparison Technique, Forensic Assessment Interview Technique, Horizontal Scoring System, Field Utility Study, Sensitivity. This field study is the fifth published
More informationA Validity Study of the Comparison Question Test Based on Internal Criterion in Field Paired Examinations 1
Ginton A Validity Study of the Comparison Question Test Based on Internal Criterion in Field Paired Examinations 1 Avital Ginton 2 Abstract An estimate of the validity of polygraph field examinations was
More informationThe Use of an Enhanced Polygraph Scoring Technique in Homeland Security: The Empirical Scoring System Making a Difference
The Use of an Enhanced Polygraph Scoring Technique in Homeland Security: The Empirical Scoring System Making a Difference Bruce P. Robertson 1 Abstract This thesis studies the polygraph Empirical Scoring
More informationNAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL THESIS
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS THE USE OF AN ENHANCED POLYGRAPH SCORING TECHNIQUE IN HOMELAND SECURITY: THE EMPIRICAL SCORING SYSTEM MAKING A DIFFERENCE by Bruce P. Robertson March
More informationDecision Accuracy for the Relevant-Irrelevant Screening Test: A Partial Replication
Decision Accuracy for the RI Screening Test Decision Accuracy for the Relevant-Irrelevant Screening Test: A Partial Replication Donald Krapohl and Terry Rosales 1 Abstract In a 2005 exploratory analysis,
More informationMODEL POLICY FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT/PUBLIC-SERVICE PRE- EMPLOYMENT POLYGRAPH SCREENING EXAMINATIONS. 1. Introduction Evidence-based Approach...
AMERICAN POLYGRAPH ASSOCIATION (APA) MODEL POLICY FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT/PUBLIC-SERVICE PRE- EMPLOYMENT POLYGRAPH SCREENING EXAMINATIONS Table of Contents 1. Introduction...2 2. Evidence-based Approach...2
More informationContents. . Diret1:ed Lie Comparison Questions in Polygraph Examinations: 131. History and Methodology. PaulM.. Menges.
VOLUME 33 2004 NUMBER 3 Contents. Diret1:ed Lie Comparison Questions in Polygraph Examinations: 131. History and Methodology. PaulM.. Menges., The' Relationship between Facial Skin Surface Temperature.
More informationTHE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES: APPLICATION OF POLYGRAPH TESTS IN THE AMERICAN WORKPLACE
THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES: APPLICATION OF POLYGRAPH TESTS IN THE AMERICAN WORKPLACE CHARLES R. HONTS Psychology Department University of North Dakota Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202 In a sudden blinding
More informationA Comparison of the Backster Scoring and Traditional Federal Scoring Using Computerized Analysis
A Comparison of the Backster Scoring and Traditional Federal Scoring Using Computerized Analysis Keith Hedges, George Deitchman and Dharam Samra Abstract Reid s introduction of a revised technique in lie
More informationValidation and Reliability Study of Counterintelligence Screening Test
Validation and Reliability Study of Counterintelligence Screening Test MAJ Gordon H. Barland 1 Abstract The Counterintelligence Screening Test (CIST) was developed by Military Intelligence polygraph examiners
More informationThe Importance of the Consistency Factor in CQT and Other Polygraph Tests 1
The Importance of the Consistency Factor in CQT and Other Polygraph Tests 1 Avital Ginton 2 Abstract Repeating questions and collecting several charts is routine in polygraph examinations. The paper asserts
More informationTesting the Truth-Teller Who Was There
Testing the Truth-Teller Who Was There Avital Ginton 1 Abstract The danger of having a higher false positive (FP) error rate in testing victims has been acknowledged over the years (Ginton, 1993; Ginton,
More informationЛабораторные и практические исследования применения «ocular-motor» для выявления лжи
EUROPEAN POLYGRAPH DOI: 10.1515/ep-2016-0021 Лабораторные и практические исследования применения «ocular-motor» для выявления лжи Key words: ocular-motor, ocular-motor detection test, instrumental detection
More informationPolygraph Tests. Charles R. Honts Boise State University Idaho USA. Field Practices and Inconclusive Outcomes
Current FBI Polygraph/Interrogation Practices Put the Actually Innocent at Risk of False Confession Charles R. Honts Boise State University Idaho USA Paper presented at the American Psychology- Law Society
More informationWhich Lie Detection Tools are Ready for Use in the Criminal Justice System? Aldert Vrij 1. University of Portsmouth (UK) Ronald P Fisher
Lie Detection Tools 1 Which Lie Detection Tools are Ready for Use in the Criminal Justice System? Aldert Vrij 1 University of Portsmouth (UK) Ronald P Fisher Florida International University (USA) 1 Correspondence
More informationDEBATE CONCERNING EFFECTIVENESS OF EXCLUSIVE VS. NON-EXCLUSIVE CONTROL QUESTIONS IN POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS
1 DEBATE CONCERNING EFFECTIVENESS OF EXCLUSIVE VS. NON-EXCLUSIVE CONTROL QUESTIONS IN POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS Background history concerning this debate which led to this critique, response and rebuttal.
More informationBrain Fingerprinting Technology
Brain Fingerprinting Technology Anubha Saxena Ankit Kumar Mishra Department of Computer Science Poornima College of Engineering Jaipur, India Abstract Brain fingerprinting is based on finding that the
More informationImproving rapid counter terrorism decision making
Improving rapid counter terrorism decision making COGITO Artificial Intelligence based human pattern recognition General Terrorists are threatening world peace. While intelligence is limited and cultural
More informationHow to use the Lafayette ESS Report to obtain a probability of deception or truth-telling
Lafayette Tech Talk: How to Use the Lafayette ESS Report to Obtain a Bayesian Conditional Probability of Deception or Truth-telling Raymond Nelson The Lafayette ESS Report is a useful tool for field polygraph
More informationCase 2:09-cv DMC-MF Document Filed 10/19/12 Page 1 of 59 PageID: Exhibit 33
Case 2:09-cv-01138-DMC-MF Document 148-3 Filed 10/19/12 Page 1 of 59 PageID: 3202 Exhibit 33 Case 2:09-cv-01138-DMC-MF Document 148-3 Filed 10/19/12 Page 2 of 59 PageID: 3203 T 208.867.2027 CHARLES R.
More informationContents. A Comparative Study of Polygraph Tests and Other Forensic Methods EitaD. Elaad
VOLUME 30 2001 NUMBER 1 Contents Effects of Spontaneous Countermeasures Used Against the Comparison Question Test Charles R. Honts, Susan L. Amato & Anne K. Gordon Polygraph Examination Issues in New Jersey
More informationEXHIBIT 11 EXHIBIT 11
EXHIBIT 11 EXHIBIT 11 Jacobsen v. Arizona An amicus curiae brief re: the petitioner Ryan Jacobsen P a g e 2 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF ARIZONA RYAN LEE JACOBSEN, Petitioner, vs. THE HONORABLE THOMAS LINDBERG,
More informationCHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION Throughout the history it has been assumed that lying is accompanied by a change in the body s physiological activity (Bull, 1988). The theory underlying lie detection is that lying
More informationTerminology Reference for the Science of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception. Donald Krapohl. Mark Handler. and. Shirley Sturm.
Terminology Reference for the Science of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception 3 rd Edition, 2012 by Donald Krapohl Mark Handler and Shirley Sturm Running head: PDD Terminology Contributors Norman
More informationDEP ARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INSTITUTE. Law Enforcement Pre-Employment Test JANUARY y!3
DEP ARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INSTITUTE Law Enforcement Pre-Employment Test JANUARY 2002 9y!3 Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Principles 3. Psychology oflepet Structure 4, Concepts 5, Question Types
More informationA COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE RELIABILITY BETWEEN DIFFERING SCORING TECHNIQUES
A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE RELIABILITY BETWEEN DIFFERING SCORING TECHNIQUES BY CAPTAIN PATRICIA MORRIS, U.S. AIR FORCE MASTER SERGEANT DONALD A. WEINSTEIN, U.S. MARINE CORPS A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION
More informationContents. Department of Defense Polygraph Program Annual Report to Congress. 209 Fiscal Year 1999
VOLUME 29 2000 NUMBER 3 Contents Department of Defense Polygraph Program Annual Report to Congress. 209 Fiscal Year 1999 A Field Validity Study of the Integrated Zone Comparison Technique 220 Nathan J.
More informationA Review of The Polygraph: History, Current Status and Emerging Research
A Review of The Polygraph: History, Current Status and Emerging Research Deception is a tool we possess to help us to achieve a certain goal, such as, convincing someone of something that is not true,
More informationARE POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS HELPFUL IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION CASES?
ARE POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS HELPFUL IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION CASES? Aleksandras Kovalenka, Chief Investigator, Lithuanian police Vitas Saldži nas, Private Expert, former Deputy Director of VIP Protection
More informationX13 VSA Voice Stress Analysis Lie Detector Software
1 X13 VSA a Voice Stress Analysis Lie Detector Software The most advanced voice analysis technology available today Computer Voice Stress Analyzer How It Works and information about X13 VSA Voice Stress
More informationACFE SA CHAPTER FORENSIC SCIENCE FORUM STANDARDS QUESTIONNAIRE
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners Introduction: The Forensic Science Forum The aim of the forensic science forum under the auspices of the ACFE SA is to standardise and regulate scientific methodologies
More informationChapter 5. Review and Analysis of Polygraph Analog Studies
Chapter 5 Review and Analysis of Polygraph Analog Studies Chapter 5 Review and Analysis of Polygraph Analog Studies INTRODUCTION Analog studies, for purposes of the present analysis, are investigations
More informationSexual Assault. Attachment 1. Approval Date: Policy No.: The University of British Columbia Board of Governors
Attachment 1 Policy No.: Approval Date: The University of British Columbia Board of Governors 131 Title: Background & Purposes: Sexual Assault Responsible Executive: Vice-President, Students Vice-President,
More informationThe Effects of Aural Versus Visual Presentations of Questions during a Detection of Deception Task 1
Carlton & Smith The Effects of Aural Versus Visual Presentations of Questions during a Detection of Deception Task 1 Barbara L. Carlton and Brenda J. Smith Abstract The purpose of this research was to
More informationBrain Fingerprinting Technology
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Brain Fingerprinting Technology 1 Ms.J.R.Rajput, 2 Ms. P.M. Deshpande, 3 Prof.A.R.Wadhekar. 1 (Department of Electronics & Communication, Deogiri Institute of Engg.& Management
More informationPROFICIENCY EXAM BULLETIN 2
Page 1 of 14 REQUIRED FORMS - EXHIBIT 12 PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION NAME INITIALS: 1. In a pre-employment prescreen examination the proper term for reporting consistent responses to a particular relevant
More informationProject RISCO Research Summary
Project RISCO Research Summary September 2012 Project Risk Management and Assessment - promoted by the General Directorate of Social Rehabilitation (DGRS) and co-financed by the Prevention and Fight Against
More information7.000 POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION OF JUVENILES WHO HAVE COMMITTED SEXUAL OFFENSES
7.000 POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION OF JUVENILES WHO HAVE COMMITTED SEXUAL OFFENSES 7.100 The multidisciplinary team shall refer for polygraph examination those juveniles who meet the following criteria: A. Chronological
More informationSeven Deadly Sins in Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) Polygraph Testing with Sex Offenders
Seven Deadly Sins in Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) American College of Forensic Psychology San Diego, California, March 26, 2015 Hollida Wakefield. M.A. 5263 130 th Street East Northfield,
More informationFingerprinting. A game-changing science that detects concealed information stored in the brain
Brain Fingerprinting A game-changing science that detects concealed information stored in the brain Brain Fingerprinting A proven science that quickly detects concealed information by measuring brain waves
More informationE x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y. P o w e r e d b y
E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y P o w e r e d b y COPYRIGHT BRAINWAVE SCIENCE 2016 Our Company Founded in 2012, Brainwave Science offers its ground-breaking Brain Fingerprinting Technology with applications
More informationA Common-Sense Framework for Assessing Information-Based Counterterrorist Programs
A Common-Sense Framework for Assessing Information-Based Counterterrorist Programs Fred H. Cate Distinguished Professor and Director Center for Applied Cybersecurity Research, Indiana University Herbert
More informationAMERICAN BOARD OF SURGERY 2009 IN-TRAINING EXAMINATION EXPLANATION & INTERPRETATION OF SCORE REPORTS
AMERICAN BOARD OF SURGERY 2009 IN-TRAINING EXAMINATION EXPLANATION & INTERPRETATION OF SCORE REPORTS Attached are the performance reports and analyses for participants from your surgery program on the
More informationJustice Research and Statistics Association CODE OF ETHICS
Justice Research and Statistics Association CODE OF ETHICS Created 1994 Revised 2004 Revised August 2012 Justice Research and Statistics Association 777 North Capitol Street, N.E., Suite 801 Washington,
More informationPOLYGRAPH. Polygraph Limitations. Polygraph Test Types. Specific Issue Tests Single Issue Multi-facet Tests Multiple Issue Tests
POLYGRAPH PCSOT Goal: Increase public safety by adding incremental validity to risk-assessment, riskmanagement, and treatment-planning decisions made by professionals. Polygraph support to a Containment
More informationOn Lie Detection Wizards
Law and Human Behavior, Vol. 31, No. 1, February 2007 ( C 2007) DOI: 10.1007/s10979-006-9016-1 On Lie Detection Wizards Charles F. Bond Jr. 1,3 and Ahmet Uysal 2 Published online: 13 January 2007 M. O
More informationYou're guilty, so just confess! : The psychology of interrogations and false confessions
You're guilty, so just confess! : The psychology of interrogations and false confessions Christian A. Meissner, Ph.D. Departments of Psychology & Criminal Justice Email: cmeissner@utep.edu Marty Tankleff
More informationInvestigation. Part Three: Interrogation
Investigation Part Three: Interrogation Lie Detection The Polygraph The Relevant-Irrelevant Test The Control Question Test Positive Control Test The Guilty Knowledge Test Weaknesses of the Polygraph Unable
More informationDistrict 5030 Youth Exchange Youth Protection Policy
District 5030 Youth Exchange Youth Protection Policy 1. Statement of Conduct for Working with Youth District 5030 is committed to creating and maintaining the safest possible environment for all participants
More informationPolygraph Silent Answer Test, The
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 63 Issue 2 Article 10 1972 Polygraph Silent Answer Test, The Frank S. Horvath John E. Reid Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc
More informationDetecting and Disrupting Criminal Networks. A Data Driven Approach. P.A.C. Duijn
Detecting and Disrupting Criminal Networks. A Data Driven Approach. P.A.C. Duijn Summary Detecting and Disrupting Criminal Networks A data-driven approach It is estimated that transnational organized crime
More informationEUROPEAN POLYGRAPH. Key Words: galvanic skin response (GSR), electrodermal activity (EDA)
EUROPEAN POLYGRAPH DOI: 10.2478/ep-2014-0007 Key Words: galvanic skin response (GSR), electrodermal activity (EDA) The electrodermal activity (EDA) refers to all exosomatic and endosomatic changes in electrical
More informationRunning head: How large denominators are leading to large errors 1
Running head: How large denominators are leading to large errors 1 How large denominators are leading to large errors Nathan Thomas Kent State University How large denominators are leading to large errors
More informationDeception Detection Accuracy
1 Deception Detection Accuracy Judee K. Burgoon University of Arizona, USA The ability of technologies and humans to detect deception varies widely. Based on estimates derived from signal detection theory,
More informationStatistics 13, Midterm 1
Statistics 13, Midterm 1 Name: 1. (1 points) In this question we will consider two different graphical procedures. Answer as completely as you can, but only supply meaningful comparisons. 1 175 data 5
More informationALTHOUGH the exact number is not known, it is a safe bet that tens of
Weiner_Forensic c19.tex V1-07/18/2013 6:52 P.M. Page 613 CHAPTER 19 Employing Polygraph Assessment WILLIAM G. IACONO AND CHRISTOPHER J. PATRICK ALTHOUGH the exact number is not known, it is a safe bet
More informationTACKLING NEAR REPEAT CRIME
TACKLING Using technology to formulate and evaluate crime prevention strategies for burglary, robbery, weapons violations and other crimes. What is Near Repeat Victimization? Researchers have found that
More information20. Experiments. November 7,
20. Experiments November 7, 2015 1 Experiments are motivated by our desire to know causation combined with the fact that we typically only have correlations. The cause of a correlation may be the two variables
More informationPSYCHOLOGY. The Psychology Major. Preparation for the Psychology Major. The Social Science Teaching Credential
Psychology 1 PSYCHOLOGY The Psychology Major Psychology is the scientific study of human and animal behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it. The objective of USD s psychological
More informationFifth Judicial District Veterans Treatment Court
Fifth Judicial District Veterans Treatment Court Peer Mentor Handbook Twin Falls County, Idaho Contact Information: Veterans Treatment Court Coordinator: Richard Neu (208) 735-4374 rneu@co.twin-falls.id.us
More informationCOMPANY AND SERVICE GUIDE: PTV SERVICES
COMPANY AND SERVICE GUIDE: PTV SERVICES INDEX 1. Company Profile 1.1 Vision 1.2 Mission 1.3 Ethical Code 1.4 Structure 2. Service Guide 2.1 Polygraph Examinations 2.1.1 Specific Polygraph Examinations
More informationlab exam lab exam Experimental Design Experimental Design when: Nov 27 - Dec 1 format: length = 1 hour each lab section divided in two
lab exam when: Nov 27 - Dec 1 length = 1 hour each lab section divided in two register for the exam in your section so there is a computer reserved for you If you write in the 1st hour, you can t leave
More informationRozum, Jan et.al.: Probační programy pro mladistvé Juvenile Probation Programmes ISBN
Rozum, Jan et.al.: Probační programy pro mladistvé Juvenile Probation Programmes ISBN 978-80-7338-114-1 Summary Research into the juvenile probation programmes was carried out by the Institute of Criminology
More informationRegulations. On Proper Conduct in Research TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY
Regulations On Proper Conduct in Research TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 1. Preamble: Tel Aviv University aspires to excellence in research. Excellence is not gauged solely according to research results. It depends
More informationIdentifying a Computer Forensics Expert: A Study to Measure the Characteristics of Forensic Computer Examiners
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law Volume 5 Number 1 Article 1 2010 Identifying a Computer Forensics Expert: A Study to Measure the Characteristics of Forensic Computer Examiners Gregory H.
More informationLevel II participants only have the opportunity to participate in the program once.
Clean Slate FAQ 1. What is the Goldilocks Clean Slate program? Goldilocks is a District Attorney led initiative that seeks to identify the Just Right intervention for individuals suspected of drug-related
More informationTried and True Tips for Determining the Truth: How to Find the Truth in Internal Investigations
Tried and True Tips for Determining the Truth: How to Find the Truth in Internal Investigations Moderator Cheryl Wagonhurst, Partner, Foley & Lardner LLP, Los Angeles Former Chief Compliance Officer, Tenet
More informationVoice Stress Devices and the Detection of Lies Donald J. Krapohl, Andrew H. Ryan, and Kendall W. Shull
Voice Stress Devices and the Detection of Lies Donald J. Krapohl, Andrew H. Ryan, and Kendall W. Shull Published 2002 in: Policy Review, the official publication of the International Association of Chiefs
More informationCorrections, Public Safety and Policing
Corrections, Public Safety and Policing 3 Main points... 30 Introduction Rehabilitating adult offenders in the community... 31 Background... 31 Audit objective, criteria, and conclusion... 33 Key findings
More informationData that can be classified as belonging to a distinct number of categories >>result in categorical responses. And this includes:
This sheets starts from slide #83 to the end ofslide #4. If u read this sheet you don`t have to return back to the slides at all, they are included here. Categorical Data (Qualitative data): Data that
More informationApplications Of Social Psychology Goals & Objectives
Applications Of Social Psychology Goals & Objectives 1) An understanding of the effects of social support on health 2) An understanding of risk factors like Type A personalities and how negative emotions
More informationPreliminary Reliability and Validity Report
Preliminary Reliability and Validity Report Breckenridge Type Indicator (BTI ) Prepared For: Breckenridge Institute PO Box 7950 Boulder, CO 80306 1-800-303-2554 info@breckenridgeinstitute.com www.breckenridgeinstitute.com
More informationStudy regarding psychophysiological reactivity values depending on subject s gender in polygraph testing
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 33 (2012) 821 825 PSIWORLD 2011 Study regarding psychophysiological reactivity values depending on subject s gender in
More informationInvestigating the robustness of the nonparametric Levene test with more than two groups
Psicológica (2014), 35, 361-383. Investigating the robustness of the nonparametric Levene test with more than two groups David W. Nordstokke * and S. Mitchell Colp University of Calgary, Canada Testing
More informationA Crisis in Search of Data
A Crisis in Search of Data The Revolving Door of Serious Mental Illness in Super Utilization Executive Summary April 2017 TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org/ SMI-super-utilization A Crisis in Search of Data THE
More informationACDI. An Inventory of Scientific Findings. (ACDI, ACDI-Corrections Version and ACDI-Corrections Version II) Provided by:
+ ACDI An Inventory of Scientific Findings (ACDI, ACDI-Corrections Version and ACDI-Corrections Version II) Provided by: Behavior Data Systems, Ltd. P.O. Box 44256 Phoenix, Arizona 85064-4256 Telephone:
More informationHow Does Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) Improve Intelligence Analysis?
How Does Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) Improve Intelligence Analysis? Richards J. Heuer, Jr. Version 1.2, October 16, 2005 This document is from a collection of works by Richards J. Heuer, Jr.
More informationWhat is the key to CM features? 1. Frequency How often does the activity happen. 2. Specificity Where is it happening 3. Clusters Do you see multiple
1 2 3 4 What is the key to CM features? 1. Frequency How often does the activity happen. 2. Specificity Where is it happening 3. Clusters Do you see multiple features during the examination process. Now
More informationMSc Enterprise Security and Digital Forensics. Examinations for / Semester 1
MSc Enterprise Security and Digital Forensics Cohort: MESDF/16B/PT Examinations for 2016-2017 / Semester 1 MODULE: INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT MODULE CODE: SECU5111C Duration: 3 Hours Reading
More informationTHE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TRAINING PROGRAMMES 1. The Effectiveness of Various Training Programmes on Lie Detection Ability and the
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TRAINING PROGRAMMES 1 The Effectiveness of Various Training Programmes on Lie Detection Ability and the Role of Sex in the Process THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TRAINING PROGRAMMES
More informationPolygraph. published quarterly Number 3 4 (5 6) Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University College
European Polygraph Volume 2 published quarterly 2008 Number 3 4 (5 6) Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University College polygraph no 5-6.indd 163 2009-01-12 16:50:07 polygraph no 5-6.indd 164 2009-01-12
More informationGAO INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES. Federal Agency Views on the Potential Application of "Brain Fingerprinting"
GAO United States General Accounting Office Report to the Honorable Charles E. Grassley, U.S. Senate October 2001 INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES Federal Agency Views on the Potential Application of "Brain Fingerprinting"
More informationAsking and answering research questions. What s it about?
2 Asking and answering research questions What s it about? (Social Psychology pp. 24 54) Social psychologists strive to reach general conclusions by developing scientific theories about why people behave
More information