Quality of Life Among Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Comparative Study Between the Three Presentations of ADHD

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University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Early Childhood, Special Education, and Rehabilitation Counseling Early Childhood, Special Education, and Rehabilitation Counseling 2015

1 University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Early Childhood, Special Education, and Rehabilitation Counseling Early Childhood, Special Education, and Rehabilitation Counseling 2015 Quality of Life Among Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Comparative Study Between the Three Presentations of ADHD Amani A. Kettaneh University of Kentucky, Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits you. Recommended Citation Kettaneh, Amani A., "Quality of Life Among Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Comparative Study Between the Three Presentations of ADHD" (2015). Theses and Dissertations--Early Childhood, Special Education, and Rehabilitation Counseling This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Early Childhood, Special Education, and Rehabilitation Counseling at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Early Childhood, Special Education, and Rehabilitation Counseling by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact

2 STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each thirdparty copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royaltyfree license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Amani A. Kettaneh, Student Dr. Sonja Feist-Price, Major Professor Dr. Ralph Crystal, Director of Graduate Studies

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63 Table 4.1. Definitions of Variables

71 p t

72 N p

73 a priori

75 N N n nn n nn nn (n n n n

76 n n Table 5.1. Characteristics of Participants (N = 113) N

77 n nn Table 5.2. Descriptive Statistics for Interval Level Variables M SD Table 5.3. Frequency Distributions of Ordinal Variables r

78 Table 5.4. Bivariate correlation matrix (Pearson s r) between Quality of Life, Presentation of ADHD, Employment status, Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Social Support MSD M M

79 Figure 5.1. Frequency distribution of scores for QOL Figure 5.2. Mean scores ± 95% CI for QOL vs. Gender

80 M M M MM Figure 5.3. Mean scores ± 95% CI for QOL vs. Education Figure 5.4. Mean scores ± 95% CI for QOL vs. Employment Status

81 M M M Figure 5.5. AnxietyMSD DepressionM Perceived Social Support

82 Figure 5.6. Frequency distribution of scores for Anxiety Figure 5.7. Frequency distribution of scores for Depression

83 Figure 5.8. Frequency distribution of scores for Perceived Social Support

84 Table 5.5. Independent Samples t-test Comparison of Means between the Paper-and- Pencil and ed Responses

85 Table 5.6. Multiple Linear Regression Model to Predict QOL t p p t tp tp tp p p tp tp

86 Figure 5.9. Relationship between QOL and Presentation of ADHD

87 Figure Relationship between QOL and Employment status

88 Figure Relationship between QOL and Anxiety Figure Relationship between QOL and Perceived Social Support

89 Zp p Figure Distribution of standardized residuals vs. predicted QOL

90 Figure Normal distribution of standardized residuals

91 Table 5.7. Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 1: Quality of Life

92 Table 5.7. Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 1: Quality of Life (continued)

93 Table 5.7. Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 1: Quality of Life (continued)

94 Table 5.8.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 2: Limited Achievement

95 Table 5.8.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 2:Limited Achievement (continued) Table 5.9.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 3: On the Right Track

96 Table 5.9.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 3: On the Right Track (continued)

98 Table Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 4: Anxiety

99 Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 5: Depression

100 Table 5.12Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 6: Social Support

101 Table 5.12Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 6: Social Support (continued)

102 Table Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 7: Relationships

103 Table 5.14.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 8: Education

104 Table 5.14.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 8: Education (continued)

105 Table 5.14.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 8: Education (continued)

106 Table 5.15.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 9: Employment

107 Table 5.15.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 9: Employment (continued)

108 Table 5.16.Significant Statements Classified in Primary Theme 10: Medication

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121 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

122 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

123 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

124 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

125 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o do o o o o

126 o o o o o o o o o o o o

127 Not at all A little Somewhat A lot Extremely

128 Never Rarely Sometimes Often Very Often Not at all A little Somewhat A lot Extremely

129 Not at all A little Somewhat A lot Extremely Not at all A little Somewhat A lot Extremely Never Rarely Sometimes Often Very Often Not Applicab le Not at all A little Somewhat A lot Extremely

130

131

132

133 The ADHD Impact Module (AIM-A)

134

135 Personality and Individual Differences, 36, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 26 Quality of Life. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 9 Psychiatry Research, 62, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

136 Epilepsia. 40 Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29 Social Indicators Research, 8, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29 Social Indicators Research, 1 International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 47 Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(

137 Bipolar Disorder, 13 Neurology, 48 The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Journal of Child Psychiatry Psychology, 40 Rehabilitation Nursing,18. Scientific American, 12, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis And treatment Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20,

138 Journal of Safety Research, 38, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49 Journal of ADHD and Related Disorders, 1 Journal of Attention Disorders, 1 Quality: Its Definition and Measurement As Applied to the Medically Ill Journal of Mental Health, 2 Relationships between life satisfaction, symptoms of ADHD, and associated outcomes in middle school students The experience of job loss in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

139 Psychology Medecine, 42, Quality of Life Research,4 Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, Biological Psychiatry, 57 Medscape General Medicine,8 Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(3) Biological Psychiatry, 55, American Journal of Psychiatry, 150,.

140 Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 159 Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42 Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69 Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry34 The relationship of social, psychological, physical, and seizure- related variables to quality of life in adults with epilepsy

141 Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 45 Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 48 Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 45 Journal of Rehabilitation,74 Rehabilitation Education, 15 Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 33 Vital and Health Statistics, 10 Social Theory and Practice, 31 Quality of Life and Older People.

142 The American Statistician, 54 The Journal of Rehabilitation, 64 Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, Pediatrics,123 Quality of Life Research, 15 Raising resilient children: Fostering strength, hope, and optimism in your child. International Journal of Disability, 53

143 Advances in mixed methods research Clinical Psychiatry, 7 Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 30 The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfaction Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 15 Gerontology, 52 Regression analysis by example.

144 Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7,. Measuring and intervening in social support American Educational Research Journal, 29, Nephrology Nursing, 27 Journal of the Royal Statistical Society155 Quality of life volume II: Application topersons with disabilities Journal of Mixed MethodsResearch, 3,

145 Handbook of mixed methods in social behavioral research Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. Comprehensive quality of life scale Social Indicators Research, 38 Quality of life for people with disabilities: Models, research and practice Social Indicators Research, 52 Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49 Expert Reviews in Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research, 4 Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54

146 Australian Journal of Psychology, 58 Quality of life in health promotion and rehabilitation Advancesin Renal Replacement Therapy, 1 On Peirce Psychological Science, 7, Handbook of Positive Psychology Journal of Clinic Psychiatry, 64, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84 Attention deficit disorder: Criteria, cognition, intervention

147 Personal Relationships, 7, Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 185, School Psychology Review, 36, Journal of Attention Disorders, 13, Psychosocial functioning of families of adults with attention/ hyperactivity disorder Journal of Counseling and Development66 The quality of life The Scandinavian model: Welfare states and welfare research Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 34,

148 Psychiatric Clinics of North American, 27 ADHD not otherwise specified Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 18 Journal of Attention Disorder, 9, Journal o f Abnormal Psychology, 102 Journal of American Academic Children and Adolescents, 36 American Journal of Psychiatry, 169 Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36

149 World Psychiatry, 2 Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 155 Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22 Behavior Research Methods, 41, Discovering statistics using SPSS. Clinimertics Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16 Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40 Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 6 Oncology Nursing Forum, 17

150 Journal of Psychiatric Research 41, Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1, Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6 Instruments for clinical nursing research Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40 Journal of Attention Disorder, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73 The relationship between ethnicity and the diagnosis of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents

151 Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35 DSM IV Journal of Substance Abuse, 9, Qualitative Methods for Health Research European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256, Psychological Bulletin, 132, Scandinavian Journal of the Caring Sciences, 4

152 Archive of Disabled Children, 90 Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,23 Process of aging social and psychological perceptors Journal of American College Health, 47, Journal of Attention Deficit Disorder, 15, International Journal of Nursing Studies,4 Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 7, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,

153 73, American Journal on Mental Retardation, 99 European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience257 Bipolar Disorder, 8, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49 Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 40

154 Journal of Personality Disorders,19 Journal of General Internal Medicine, 1 Substance Use & Misuse, 40 Journal of Psychiatry Research, 43 Journal of Affective Disorders, 124, Applied Research Quality Life, 4 American Journal of Psychiatry, 163,

155 Archive of General Psychiatry, 67 Journal of Affective Disorders, 124,. Mental Health, 179, Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 145 Bipolar Disorder, 7, Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 85,

156 DSM-IV sourcebook Journal of Attention Disorders 11 Evaluation & Program Planning, 11 Drug Alcohol Dependency, 52, Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, Clinical Psychology Review, 10, Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 19 Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 44 Psychological Medicine29

157 American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, Archives of General Psychiatry, 50 Archives of General Psychiatry48, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(6), Journal of Behavioral Health Management, 24 Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 23 Social Indicators Research, 106 Applied Research in Quality of Life, 5 Journal of Attention Disorder, 15

158 American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, Behavioral and Brain Functions9 Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41 Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13 Science and Practice, 8 Journal of Attention Deficit Disorder, 2,

159 Learning Disability Quarterly, 3, Child Development, 61, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112 ADHD management program: A program design for ADHD college students Nursing Research, 40, Comprehensive Psychiatry 37 Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,190 ( Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61

160 Biological Psychiatry, 57, Biological Psychiatry, 57, Biological Psychiatry, 57, Aspects of health-related quality of life: Associations with psychosocial and biological factors, and use as patient-reported outcome in routine health care Social Indicators Research, 58 Chronic Illness: Impact and interventions Journal of Attention

161 Disorders, 13 Cancer Nursing, 13 American Journal of Psychiatry, 149 Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (pp ) The Journal of Rehabilitation, 64 Qualitative research and evaluation methods Psychological Assessment, 5 Biological Psychiatry, 57, Journal of Attention Deficiency Disorder, 9 Journal o f the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35

162 Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31 Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59 ADHD with comorbid disorders: Clinical assessment and management Child Maltreatment, 5, Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry UrbanGeography 24 Journal of Adolescent Health, 19 Quality of life: A critical introduction

163 Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2, Journal of Attention Disorder, 9 Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 14 Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 34 Risky behavior in college students with ADHD Neuropsychology18 Journal of Rehabilitation, 69 American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, Journal of Attention Disorder, 13

164 Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38 Research in Nursing & Health, 23, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48 Mental Retardation, 40. Mental Retardation, 27 Handbook on quality of life for human service practitioners. Journal of Attention Disorders, ADHD identity: A conceptual developmental model

165 Journal of Clinic Psychiatry, 61 Pharmacoeconomics, 23 Psychiatry Research, 161 The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 11, Comprehensive Psychiatry. 31 Journal of Attention Disorders, 13 Social Indicators Research New Directions for Evaluation, 74 European Journal o f Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,

166 European Psychiatry, 23 Neurology, 48(3), Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 27 Journal of Clinic Psychiatry. 63 Journal of Attention Disord 11 Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41 Research in Nursing & Health, 23, Social Indicators Research, 78,

167 European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 258, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60 Journal o f the American Academy o f Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(7), Mixed methodology: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research Social Science Medicine, 41, Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 60 Social skills and self-esteem of college students with ADHD

168 Drug and Alcohol Review, 18 Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68 Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 15, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47 The future of old age Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 24

169 International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54 Journal of Attention Disorders, 10 Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1, Annual Medical Review, 53 Psychiatric Clinic of North America, 27 The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163 Annual Medical Review, 53 Pediatrics, 11 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 931,

170 Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35 Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, Personality and Individual Differences, 46 Health Social Work, 23 Clinical Psychology, 17 Archives of General Psychiatry, 50

171

172 Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 46. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Policy, 29 Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 45

173 Journal of vocational Rehabilitation. Journal of Rehabilitation. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling. Intervention in School and Clinic Remedial and Special Education. Implications for Service Delivery

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Using the Scrambled Sentences Test to Examine Relationships Between Cognitive Bias, Thought Suppression and Borderline Personality Features

University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Psychology Psychology 2012 Using the Scrambled Sentences Test to Examine Relationships Between Cognitive Bias, Thought Suppression and Borderline