WEEK ONE The New Nationalism Theodore Roosevelt

Transcription

1 WEEK ONE The New Nationalism Theodore Roosevelt 1. What does Teddy Roosevelt say in the first paragraph of The New Nationalism in regard to the global responsibility of America? 2. What does Roosevelt consider to be the central condition of progress? 3. What does Roosevelt consider to be the two great results of equality of opportunity? 4. Briefly summarize the basic tenets of Roosevelt s square deal. 5. What does Roosevelt say in regard to tax increases? 6. What does Roosevelt say in regard to America s natural resources? 7. What does Roosevelt say in regard to National efficiency on both a state and national level? 8. What does Roosevelt want to communicate to those who oppose reform? 9. To what extent does Roosevelt propose that business interests should not intermingle with politics? 10. What does Roosevelt consider to be the most important element in a man s career? According to Roosevelt how was this element to be achieved? The Old Order Changeth Woodrow Wilson 1. What does Wilson s say in regard to the severity of the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution? 2. What does Wilson say in regard to the individual and corporations? What is the basic problem with this situation, given that Wilson s analysis is correct? 3. What sorts of laws does Wilson recommend in order to prevent capitalist oppression? 4. What does Wilson say in regard to the old form of American government? He says, 5. Does Wilson seem to fear a bloody Revolution? If not, then what sort of Revolution is he talking about in The Old Order Changeth? The Great Crusade and After 1. What does Heffner consider, in the first paragraph of The Great Crusade, to be the principle problem in regard to America s foreign policy at the beginning of Woodrow Wilson s first term? 2. What factors does Heffner mention briefly which contribute to America s entry into World War I? 3. What are two things did Germany do to legitimately lose favor with America? 4. What grave economic crisis was pending upon the results of the war? 5. What does Heffner say in regard to Wilson s knowledge about the efficacy and validity of British propaganda?

2 6. Ultimately, what single factor defeated the formation or efficacy of the League of Nations? 7. What does Heffner consider to be ironic about Wilson s role in World War I? To the Heads of the Belligerent Peoples 1. What three things had Pope Benedict XV maintained throughout the Great War? 2. What does Benedict XV say in regard to the Church s earnest efforts to unite the warring factions during World War One? 3. What does Benedict mean when he says, First of all, the fundamental point should be that for the material force of arms should be substituted the moral force of law? 4. What does the Pope say regarding reconciliatory questions between the rival border nations in the conflict of the war? 5. What does Benedict say in regard to the unity of the belligerent state? What nations does he list as having special need of sympathy from the other nations? Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points 1. What is the general tone of the introduction of President Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points? What seems to be America s directive in the peace-making process? 2. What two points specifically in Wilson s Fourteen Points, overlap with Pope Benedict s address to the belligerent peoples? 3. What in particular does Wilson say about Russia? Why is it necessary for him to make this point? 4. What might be the problem with Wilson s insistence on the restoration of boundaries throughout central Europe? What is so naïve about this insistence? 5. What is the name of the idea which Wilson proposed in his fourteenth point? What present institution eventually developed from this idea? What do you think is a fundamental problem with either of these institutions? The Versailles Treaty: Articles & Annex I 1. For what reasons can the articles commit Germany to a state of hostility? What territory was taken from Germany and would not be returned unless if in 15 years the inhabitants decide to be under German sovereignty? 2. What was to happen to the land between Germany and France known as the Saar Basin? What would become of the Alsace-Lorraine territory and why? 3. What does the Treaty provide for the citizens of Alsace-Lorraine? Why might this be viewed as unfair? 4. What would happen to those German citizens resident in the Czech-Slovak states as of the commencement of the treaty? 5. What was to become of German colonies according to the Treaty?

3 6. Name six of the most important categories of things which the Treaty forces Germany to limit in quantity. WEEK TWO The Economic Consequences of Peace by John Maynard Keynes 1. What does Keynes say regarding the economic changes in Europe between 1870 and 1920? What unexpected supply became available in large enough quantities to balance the rising cost of cereals? What phrases does Keynes use to describe the economic boon of this era? 2. What does Keynes mean when he says, For half a century all serious economical writings held that Devil in clear prospect? Later in the same paragraph, of what does this devil or snake consist, and what is modern man s general attitude toward it? 3. How does Keynes regard production and the general standards of living in August 1914 compared to previous ages? 4. After noting the incredible possibilities which modernity had allowed (the inhabitant of London least interference)what does Keynes say to be the most important thing regarding modern man? 5. What does Keynes think to be the results of Germany s ever growing population? What simile does he use to describe this? 6. What does Keynes believe to be the principle of great historical events? What is popularly believed to be this principle? What example does Keynes employ to illustrate his proposition? 7. Prior to World War One, what sort of dependency existed throughout Europe? Explain this dependency which nation was its center point and why? 8. What does Keynes make the cake represent? According to Keynes, what was the theory and what was the practice that involved the distribution and consumption of the cake? 9. What two major pitfalls does Keynes elucidate in regard to the saving and investment practices of the industrial age? Which one ended up happening? 10. After World War One demonstrated one of the pitfalls of the industrial age cake economy, what does Keynes believe may happen to the society psychology? 11. What is Keynes referring to when he says, this last factor came to be of the vastest importance? How was it that Europe had a share in the new or developing countries? 12. Why was the equilibrium between Europe s manufacturing exports and their foodpurchasing power from the Americas threatened? 13. What was happening in America that required Europe to make food purchases at a higher price? Was this higher price the true value of America s food production? 14. In review, what does Keynes call the three or four greatest factors of instability in Europe? What was the peace Treaty supposed to do?

4 15. Who does Keynes blame in particular for the Peace Treaty s neglect toward Europe s economy? What does he think that they were over concerned with in regard to Germany? 16. What danger does Keynes derive from Europe s surplus population and their dependency on imported foods? 17. Who addressed the Peace Conference on behalf of the German commission, which was created to monitor the condition of the German economy? When did he address the peace conference, and what was his basic message to them? 18. What three significant features relate to Europe s devolution toward economic collapse? 19. How is Germany able to compensate the millions of her citizens who have no employment? What will be the result of this is connection with war debt and reparations? 20. What does Keynes say in regard to Lenin s idea of currency? What does Keynes think about this practice? Who profits under these methods, and what is the problem with this profit? 21. What are the two distinct groups that manifest different aspects of Europe s currency problem? What examples does Keynes employ? 22. What does Keynes consider to be the essential factor for the revitalization of Germany s economy? What two results from inflation prevent this from happening? 23. Instead of raising taxes, how was France handling its financial crisis in 1920? 24. What does Keynes accurately predict in the last paragraph of chapter six? Which sentence specifically makes this prediction? Modern Times: Chapter One Paul Johnson 1. According to Johnson, when did modern times begin? What theories needed to be modified, and what principle was seriously at risk of antiquation? 2. In a long quote, what does the famous philosopher Karl Popper call, the true scientific attitude? 3. What unfortunate misconception resulted from the Einstein s Theory of Relativity? How did Einstein handle the popular misconceptions? 4. How were Freud s theories of psychoanalysis popularized? Upon what groups was Freud especially influential? 5. Among modern writers of the time what new feature was added to imaginative creation, and what aspect of humankind ceased to be appreciated as it was in the 19 th century? 6. What does Johnson say in regard to the way that Germany had orchestrated World War One relative to the Allies? What aspect of German culture was the source of this conduction? What Freudian concept did this aspect manifest?

5 7. How does Winston Churchill understand the gross excess of cruelty throughout the Great War? What remark does Johnson make in regard to the humanity capacity for destruction? 8. What conclusive remark does Johnson make regarding the nature of the modern state after and during World War One? WEEK THREE War Speech to the House of Commons Winston Churchill 1. What does Churchill stress within the first paragraph of his War Speech? 2. According to Churchill, Britain will be fighting for what cause? Pearl Harbor Speech Franklin D. Roosevelt 1. How does Roosevelt describe the attack of the Japanese on Pearl Harbor? 2. What was the Japanese ambassador s response to requests from America after the attack on Pearl Harbor? 3. Besides Pearl Harbor, what other locations were attacked or invaded by Japanese forces? End of Isolation 1. What was the major effect of Roosevelt s administration beside his domestic reforms? 2. What two major changes to American foreign policy were made under the Roosevelt administration prior to World War II? 3. What does Heffner say in regard to the ultimate effects of America s policy toward the Americas under the Roosevelt administration? 4. What caused the passing of the Neutrality Acts from 1935 to 1937? 5. What were some early signs that the world was headed for total war? What institution was proved utterly ineffective during these times? 6. Which of Roosevelt s speeches addressed the imminent danger posed by dictatorships against the free world? 7. What various international events stimulated American isolationists into accepting a more internationalist attitude? When and for what reason does Heffner claim that World War II began? Quarantine Speech, Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1937

6 1. After appreciating the prosperity of America, what does Roosevelt say in regard to the rest of the world? 2. What does Roosevelt say in regard to the possibility of total war in the war and America s inevitable role in it? 3. What does Roosevelt say in regard to the global interdependence within the modern world? The Four Freedoms Speech 1. Why does Roosevelt consider America s predicament to be unprecedented? 2. Which of America s wars does Roosevelt mention, and what is his purpose in doing so? 3. What does Roosevelt believe would be the order by which America might be attacked, if not by a direct invasion? 4. In the Four Freedoms Speech, what does Roosevelt promise to ask for from Congress? 5. What four freedoms does Roosevelt believe should be universally appreciated?