Factors that affect interpersonal attraction:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Factors that affect interpersonal attraction:"

Transcription

1 Introduction: You are a member of a social world on a planet containing about 7 billion people. Our behaviors differ in different settings (like if we are in the college, market, or at home). Human behavior is a function of both the person and the situation. Social psychology; is the scientific study of how individuals think, feel and behave in a social context. Social psychology addresses the following areas: Social Perception: (Why do people in Iraq differ from Americans in the way they explain people s behavior?) Social Influence: (Why a salesman may tick us into buying things we never really wanted?) Social Interaction: (Are the sexes equal in what they look for in an intimate relationship?) Factors that affect interpersonal attraction: 1. Proximity: Repeated contacts with individuals may induce a more positive feeling towards them. (living in dormitory with your classmate e.g.) 2. Mere exposure: (of a person, picture, or anything makes us like the stimulus more) 3. Physical attraction: for most people, the equation beautiful = good is quite true. 4. Personality traits: It is sometimes said that opposites attract (extravert and an introvert; a dominating person and a submissive one), though may be similarity to ourselves (in intelligence, stature, ambition, etc.) -May be because we assume that people with similar attitudes will evaluate us positively. Attribution theory: Attribution is the interpretation and explanation for the cause of an event or behavior of other people. We try to state whether someone s action should be attributed to internal (dispositional) causes or to external (situational) causes (social forces or other external circumstances). When we explain the behavior of others, we tend to give too much weight to dispositional factors and too little to situational factors. This bias is called the fundamental attribution error. We do the same errors when contributing our own behavior. (a student who scores a high mark in an easy exam, attributes it to his cleverness rather than to the easy type of questions) Page 1 Social Psychology/ 1

2 :(إتجاه) Attitude Attitudes are likes and dislikes_ favorable or unfavorable evaluations of and reactions to objects, people, events, or ideas. (e.g. you may have a positive attitude towards i-phone versus android phones) Attitudes are formed through classical conditioning, operant learning and social learning. They are the products of a person s life experiences. Components of Attitude: There are three components to an attitude: The cognitive component (your beliefs about it). The affective component (your feelings about it) The behavioral component refers to the predisposition to act in a particular way towards the object or issue. Let us take an example. Suppose you love swimming. Here the affective component: You love swimming. It is a great fun. Cognitive: You understand the health benefits that swimming can bring. Behavioral: jump into the swimming pool. Stereotypes: In our dealing with the busy social world around us, we tend to categorize objects (including people) leading to stereotypes, and our stereotypes of others affect our behavior toward them and the ways others behave toward us. So stereotypes are beliefs about people in a particular category. Stereotypes can be either positive or negative. Stereotypes are often incorrect (negative evaluation), leading to prejudice; which is an attitude (generally negative) toward members of a group (religious, ethnic, political, etc.) Stereotypes again can have harmful consequences like discrimination; which is behavior (exclusion from jobs, neighborhoods, etcs.) directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group. Attitudes are more likely to predict a person s future behavior if they are: 1) strong and consistent: (e.g. In political elections those who hold weak or ambivalent attitudes are less predictable whom do they vote to) 2) They are based on the person s direct experience Page 2 Social Psychology/ 1

3 However, behavior can be influenced by a number of factors, including monetary factors, social influences, and external factors. Generally people strive for consistency between their attitudes and their behavior. Cognitive dissonance is the uncomfortable state that arises because of a discrepancy between an attitude and behavior or between two attitudes. And this produces a state of mental and emotional discomfort. The concept of cognitive dissonance was proposed by the social psychologist Leon Festinger. (Who in a study with Carlsmith in 1959 found that, interestingly, participants who were paid less to tell someone that a boring task was enjoyable reported afterword that they enjoyed the task more than those who were paid a great amount) According to Festinger, there are three ways in which human beings reduce dissonance: 1) a change in behavior 2) a change in one of the ideas, and 3) the addition of a new idea. For example, smokers forced to deal with the opposing thoughts I smoke and smoking is dangerous are likely to alter one of them by deciding to quit smoking, discount the evidence of its dangers, or adopt the view that smoking will not harm them personally. Persuasion: The Process of Changing Attitudes We are bombarded by attempts to change our attitudes about things, through advertisements, editorials and conversations with friends. These efforts to change our attitudes are called Persuasion. Routes to persuasion: Central; (paying close attention to the content of the argument) Peripheral; (attractiveness and expertise of the source, even mere exposure effect can change attitude through the peripheral effect) In general, people who are highly involved and motivated use central route processing to comprehend a message. Among the important factors in persuasion are factors related to all of (Source, message, route, and recipients): 1. Source: Experts are more persuasive than non-experts. Attractive sources (if your favorite actor comes in the advertisement of a particular product, it is supposed to have a greater appeal). People who speak rapidly are often more persuasive than persons who speak more slowly. The greater the perceived similarity between communicator and audience, the greater the communicator s effectiveness. 2. Message: Messages that do not appear to be designed to change our attitudes are often more successful than ones that seem intended to reach this goal. Persuasion can be enhanced by messages that arouse Page 3 Social Psychology/ 1

4 strong emotions. (e.g fear-producing messages). Two-sided messages are more effective than one-sided messages. 3. Route: In general, face-to-face communication is found to be more effective than indirect communication 4. Recipients: Gender, age, intelligence level (intelligent people are more resistant to persuasion), need for cognition... etc. Social cognition the way people understand and make sense of others and themselves. We typically hold schemas for specific types of people. Schemas: Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences. Our schema for teacher, e.g., (knowledgeable, interested in teaching.. etc). Our schema for mother includes (warmth, nurturance, and caring). However, our schemas are susceptible to error. (If we are in a happy mood we may form more favorable impressions about others) Social Facilitation: We all are affected in different ways by other people. (You will run faster when you are competing with others, eat more when in a group than when we are alone.) This is called Social facilitation. Contrary to what this term suggests, such effects are not always beneficial. The presence of an audience seems to improve performance when individuals are highly skilled or practiced on a given task, but it can worsen performance when individuals are not highly skilled or are just learning to perform the task (Social inhibition); e.g. Stutterers, for example, stutter more when reading a passage aloud in front of an audience than when they do the same alone. Conformity and Social Influence: Attempts at social influence are efforts made by others to change our attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, or behaviors (like advertisements in newspapers, T.V., requests from parents or friends). Social groups: Two or more people who interact with one another, perceive themselves as part of a group, and are interdependent. Conformity is a type of social influence in which individuals change their behavior or belief in order to follow a group s norms. (In your first entrance to college you may noticed that your fellow classmates didn t stand up when they talked to the teacher, you simply conformed to them, although you may had used to stand up in the preparatory stages!) Solomon Asch s Experiment: Asch instructed subjects to choose which of three lines was the same length as the original line shown. Each subject was on a panel with other subjects (indeed they were confederates) who all initially gave the same wrong answers. Approximately 35% of the real subjects chose to give an obviously wrong but conforming choice. Asch found that the greatest Page 4 Social Psychology/ 1

5 amount of conformity by subjects came when the confederates all gave the same wrong answer. (See the figure below) Certain factors play a significant role in determining behavior that encourages an individual to conform to the behavior of a given group: 1. The perceived ambiguity of a situation makes social influence more effective. (E.g. if a student is worrious to choose between two colleges to apply). 2. Obedience, a tendency to conform to the requests of an authority figure. (it is less commonly occurring than conformity and compliance). The psychologist Stanley Milgram found that a majority of subjects were willing to inflict high levels of shock on protesting learners. The interpretation of the subjects behavior was not that they were antisocial persons, but they were conforming, responding to an authority figure. (The cruelty of guards at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq is an example of obedience) 3. The diffusion hypothesis suggests that we are less likely to conform to social expectations if we perceive ourselves as carrying only an insignificant portion of an overall responsibility to act. E.g. among four daughters of a mother none really take on the home responsibilities well, since each of them will expect one of the others to do it. The diffusion hypothesis is usually used to explain bystander apathy, a tendency of individuals to do nothing to help out in a crisis if there are a lot of other people around. For example, if someone collapses and seems to be having a heart attack on a busy city street, many people will walk by and glance at the victim without doing anything. On the other hand, if the same thing happens in a small town, the witnesses to the person are much more likely to come forward and render aid. Bystander apathy represents a failure to conform to social expectations. (END) References: 1- Atkinson and Hilgard s Introduction to Psychology, Psychology; a Self-Teaching Guide, Psychology, Robert A. Baron, Fourth Edition, Psychology, Miles Hewstone, Essentials_of Understading Psychology, 8 th edition, 2009 Page 5 Social Psychology/ 1

Chapter 13. Social Psychology

Chapter 13. Social Psychology Social Psychology Psychology, Fifth Edition, James S. Nairne What s It For? Social Psychology Interpreting the Behavior of Others Behaving in the Presence of Others Establishing Relations With Others Social

More information

CHAPTER 15. Social Psychology. Lecture Overview. Introductory Definition PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY. Social Cognition.

CHAPTER 15. Social Psychology. Lecture Overview. Introductory Definition PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY. Social Cognition. Social Psychology CHAPTER 15 Social Cognition Lecture Overview Social Influence Social Relations Applying Social Psychology to Social Problems Introductory Definition Social Psychology: scientific study

More information

What is Social Cognition?

What is Social Cognition? Social Cognition What is Social Cognition? Social Psychology scientific study of how people s thoughts, feelings, and actions are influenced by social environment Cognitive Psychology scientific study

More information

Defining Social Psychology. informal definition: the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people

Defining Social Psychology. informal definition: the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people Social Psychology Defining Social Psychology informal definition: the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people formal definition: the study of how a person s thoughts, feelings,

More information

Introduction to Psychology Social Psychology Quiz

Introduction to Psychology Social Psychology Quiz MULTIPLE CHOICE: 1. We usually adapt our behavior to the demands of the social situation, and in ambiguous situations: A) We take our cues from the behavior of others. B) We will do the same thing that

More information

Chapter 3-Attitude Change - Objectives. Chapter 3 Outline -Attitude Change

Chapter 3-Attitude Change - Objectives. Chapter 3 Outline -Attitude Change Chapter 3-Attitude Change - Objectives 1) An understanding of how both internal mental processes and external influences lead to attitude change 2) An understanding of when and how behavior which is inconsistent

More information

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY. Social Influences on the Self. Self Concept. How do we see ourselves? How do we see others?

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY. Social Influences on the Self. Self Concept. How do we see ourselves? How do we see others? SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Social Cognition and Influence (how we think about ourselves) Social Influences on the Self How do we see ourselves? How do we see others? How do we compare ourselves with others? Self

More information

Social Psychology 10 (14)

Social Psychology 10 (14) Social Psychology 10 (14) KEY TERMS Attitude False-consensus effect Pluralistic ignorance Mere exposure effect Self-serving bias Attraction research Central versus peripheral Just-world bias Social facilitation

More information

Social Psychology. Studying the way people relate to others. Attitude. Group Behavior. Attraction Aggression

Social Psychology. Studying the way people relate to others. Attitude. Group Behavior. Attraction Aggression Social Psychology Attitude Attraction Aggression Group Behavior Studying the way people relate to others. Attitudes A set of beliefs and feelings. Attitudes predispose our reactions to people, issues,

More information

PSYCHOLOGY. Chapter 12 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY PowerPoint Image Slideshow

PSYCHOLOGY. Chapter 12 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY PowerPoint Image Slideshow PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 12 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY PowerPoint Image Slideshow Social Psychology? What s that? The scientific study of how one s behavior, thoughts or feelings are influenced by the situation, or the

More information

CHAPTER 16 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OBEDIENCE ATTITUDES & ATTITUDE CHANGE GROUP INFLUENCES PREJUDICE AGGRESSION ATTRACTION ALTRUISM

CHAPTER 16 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OBEDIENCE ATTITUDES & ATTITUDE CHANGE GROUP INFLUENCES PREJUDICE AGGRESSION ATTRACTION ALTRUISM CHAPTER 16 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OBEDIENCE ATTITUDES & ATTITUDE CHANGE GROUP INFLUENCES PREJUDICE AGGRESSION ATTRACTION ALTRUISM ~ Professor Fazakas-deHoog lfazakas@uwo.ca AFFECT (Feelings) BEHAVIOR (Actions

More information

Chapter 15 Learning Objectives with SubQuestions PERSON PERCEPTION: FORMING IMPRESSIONS OF OTHERS

Chapter 15 Learning Objectives with SubQuestions PERSON PERCEPTION: FORMING IMPRESSIONS OF OTHERS Chapter 15 Learning Objectives with SubQuestions PERSON PERCEPTION: FORMING IMPRESSIONS OF OTHERS #1) Explain how schemas, stereotypes, and other factors contribute to subjectivity in person perception

More information

Cognitive Dissonance. by Saul McLeod published 2008, updated

Cognitive Dissonance. by Saul McLeod published 2008, updated Cognitive Dissonance by Saul McLeod published 2008, updated Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. This produces a feeling of discomfort leading

More information

AP Psychology Guided Reading Chapter 16 Social Psychology

AP Psychology Guided Reading Chapter 16 Social Psychology Name: Period: AP Psychology Guided Reading Chapter 16 Social Psychology Social Thinking 1. Define social psychology: 2. Define attribution theory. How does dispositional attribution differ from situational

More information

33 Multiple choice questions

33 Multiple choice questions NAME 33 Multiple choice questions 1. central route a. Aspect of persuasion, emotional appeals are quite powerful. Negative appeals play to the audience's b. Aspect of persuasion, whether or not someone

More information

Social Psychology. What We Will Cover in This Section. Roles. PDF Created with deskpdf PDF Writer - Trial ::

Social Psychology. What We Will Cover in This Section. Roles. PDF Created with deskpdf PDF Writer - Trial :: Social Psychology Dr. Dennis C. Sweeney What We Will Cover in This Section Conformity Attitudes Group Behavior Prejudice Roles Socially defined expectations that we expect individuals to fulfill in a given

More information

Social Psychology. Attitude Attraction Aggression Group Behavior. Studying the way people relate to others.

Social Psychology. Attitude Attraction Aggression Group Behavior. Studying the way people relate to others. Social Psychology Attitude Attraction Aggression Group Behavior Studying the way people relate to others. Attitudes A set of beliefs and feelings. Attitudes predispose our reactions to people, issues,

More information

Chapter 14. Social Psychology. How Does the Social Situation Affect our Behavior? Social Psychology

Chapter 14. Social Psychology. How Does the Social Situation Affect our Behavior? Social Psychology Chapter 14 Social Psychology This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of

More information

attitude the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting the situation or the person's disposition attribution theory

attitude the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting the situation or the person's disposition attribution theory attitude feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events attribution theory the theory that we explain someone's behavior by

More information

Social Psychology. Social Psychology. Friends agree that person is: Friends agree that person is:

Social Psychology. Social Psychology. Friends agree that person is: Friends agree that person is: Social Psychology Social Psychology Chapter 13 Impression formation and Attribution theory Study of the ways in which thoughts, feelings, perceptions, motives, and behavior are influenced by interactions

More information

Conformity ASCH S STUDY 12/8/2010 ASCH S STUDY. Social Psychology (581, ) Others Focus on Social Influences on Our Behavior

Conformity ASCH S STUDY 12/8/2010 ASCH S STUDY. Social Psychology (581, ) Others Focus on Social Influences on Our Behavior Social Psychology (581, 592-598) Study of how people behave, think, and feel in social situations Relatively recent addition to psychology Research influenced by current social problems Researchers in

More information

Myers Psychology for AP*

Myers Psychology for AP* Myers Psychology for AP* David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2010 *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which

More information

Ones Way of Thinking. Every day, people make decisions that determine where the next step we take in life will

Ones Way of Thinking. Every day, people make decisions that determine where the next step we take in life will Guerrero 1 Ypani Guerrero Prof Serpas Exp 389 11/28/12 Ones Way of Thinking Every day, people make decisions that determine where the next step we take in life will be. We often don t know whether those

More information

Values. A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable

Values. A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable Values A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable What s more important to you: Alaska s environment or money you could save if we drilled for oil there? Values indicate what

More information

Social Psychology. Social Thinking Social Influence Social Relations.

Social Psychology. Social Thinking Social Influence Social Relations. Social Psychology Social Thinking Social Influence Social Relations http://dove.ccs.fau.edu/~dawei/psy Social Thinking Social Psychology scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to

More information

Social Biases and Pressures. Critical Thinking

Social Biases and Pressures. Critical Thinking Social Biases and Pressures Critical Thinking Humans are Social Animals We are very sensitive to what others do and think. Most of our deep-rooted beliefs and values come from family and society we grow

More information

Psychology Ciccarelli and White

Psychology Ciccarelli and White 1 Psychology Ciccarelli and White C H A P T E R 12: S O C I A L P S Y C H O L O G Y What is social psychology? It is the scientific study of how the individual functions as a result of being a part of

More information

Social Psychology. An Overview By Halford Fairchild September 3, 2013

Social Psychology. An Overview By Halford Fairchild September 3, 2013 Social Psychology An Overview By Halford Fairchild September 3, 2013 Areas of interest Social influence - real or imagined presence of others Social cognition - how we think about social situations Attitudes

More information

PSYC 210 Social Psychology

PSYC 210 Social Psychology South Central College PSYC 210 Social Psychology Course Information Description Total Credits 4.00 Pre/Corequisites PSYC100 or consent of instructor. Course Competencies Social Psychology introduces the

More information

8 Diffusion of Responsibility

8 Diffusion of Responsibility Ruggerio Chapter : The Basic Problem: Mine is Better Aronson & Tavris Book- Chapter 1 & Self- Justification Norms Rules that regulate human life, including social conventions, explicit laws, and implicit

More information

A B C. Copyright Allyn and Bacon 2005

A B C. Copyright Allyn and Bacon 2005 A B C 1 A B C 2 A B C 3 A B C 4 Asch, 1951 How many of you own something from one of these companies? 5 Fads 6 Lecture 10 Social Influence 7 Social Influence Have you ever: Asked a friend what was appropriate

More information

Review Sheet Social Psych (8-10%)

Review Sheet Social Psych (8-10%) Name Ms. Gabriel/Mr. McManus Date Period AP Psychology Review Sheet Social Psych (8-10%) 1) social psychology Social Thinking 1) attribution theory 2) fundamental attribution error 3) foot-in-the-door

More information

Scientific Method. Five Steps To Conducting A Study Formulate a hypothesis Design a study Conduct study Analyse/evaluate data Report findings

Scientific Method. Five Steps To Conducting A Study Formulate a hypothesis Design a study Conduct study Analyse/evaluate data Report findings Contents Lectures 1 & 2: Scientific Method Lecture 3: Attitudes Lecture 4: Persuasion Tutorial 3 & 4: The Bystander Effect Lecture 5: Aggression and Prosocial Behaviour Lecture 6: Assignment (not included)

More information

Note:- Receptors are the person who receives any images from outer environment.

Note:- Receptors are the person who receives any images from outer environment. Concept According to Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary, Perception means the way you notice things especially with the senses. Perception is the process of organizing and attempting to understand the

More information

Topics for today Ethics Bias

Topics for today Ethics Bias HCI and Design Topics for today Ethics Bias What are ethics? The study of moral standards and how they affect conduct Moral standards are A system of principles governing the appropriate conduct of an

More information

-Attitude- Abdullah Nimer

-Attitude- Abdullah Nimer -Attitude- Abdullah Nimer Attitude refers to evaluation of things. The things can be concrete objects like cars or ideas like Marxism. Attitudes have: an affective component a cognitive component a behavioral

More information

AQA A-level Psychology Unit 1 (7182/1) SOCIAL INFLUENCE. Questions + Answers SAMPLE MATERIAL

AQA A-level Psychology Unit 1 (7182/1) SOCIAL INFLUENCE. Questions + Answers SAMPLE MATERIAL AQA A-level Psychology Unit 1 (7182/1) SOCIAL INFLUENCE Questions + Answers SAMPLE MATERIAL Copyright 2017, StudyLogic. All rights reserved. UNIQUE PRODUCT IDENTIFIER: DOCUMENT #4534478 SOCIAL INFLUENCE

More information

What is Social Psychology

What is Social Psychology What is Social Psychology Social psychology is a scientific concept that seeks to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the presence of others, or lack of others.

More information

4/30 Lecture 23 Social psychology: Practice Question. PSYC 120 General Psychology. Social Psychology: Social Cognition Social Behavior

4/30 Lecture 23 Social psychology: Practice Question. PSYC 120 General Psychology. Social Psychology: Social Cognition Social Behavior 4/30 Lecture 23 Social psychology: PSYC 120 General Psychology Spring 2013 Lecture 23: Social Psychology 2 Social Psychology: Social Cognition Social Behavior Dr. Bart Moore bamoore@napavalley.edu Office

More information

Psychology chapter 16 Test Notes Social Psychology Altruistic Behavior - helping behavior that is not linked to personal gain; recognition and reward

Psychology chapter 16 Test Notes Social Psychology Altruistic Behavior - helping behavior that is not linked to personal gain; recognition and reward Psychology chapter 16 Test Notes Social Psychology Altruistic Behavior - helping behavior that is not linked to personal gain; recognition and reward are not expected Attitude - relatively stable organization

More information

AP Psychology Summer Assignment. Book: Opening Skinner s Box by Lauren Slater

AP Psychology Summer Assignment. Book: Opening Skinner s Box by Lauren Slater AP Psychology Summer Assignment Book: Opening Skinner s Box by Lauren Slater One of the major themes of research in psychology is to answer the question what makes humans tick. Why do we love? Why are

More information

Psychology UNIT 1: PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. Core

Psychology UNIT 1: PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. Core Core provides a solid overview of the field's major domains: methods, biopsychology, cognitive and developmental psychology, and variations in individual and group behavior. By focusing on significant

More information

Name: Period: Reading Guide Chapter 16: Social Psychology. 4. What cultures do not make the fundamental attribution error as much?

Name: Period: Reading Guide Chapter 16: Social Psychology. 4. What cultures do not make the fundamental attribution error as much? Name: Period: Reading Guide Chapter 16: Social Psychology Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions (pg. 673-679) 1. Social Psychologists: 2. Attribution Theory (Fritz Heider): 3. Fundamental Attribution Error:

More information

Estimated Distribution of Items for the Exams

Estimated Distribution of Items for the Exams Estimated Distribution of Items for the Exams The current plan is that there are 5 exams with 50 multiple choice items that will cover two chapters. Each chapter is planned to have 25 multiple choice items.

More information

AP Psych Unit 14 REVIEW

AP Psych Unit 14 REVIEW Name: Date: 1. Research on physical attractiveness indicates that men are more likely than women to A) be attracted to dating partners whose hips are narrower than their waists. B) judge members of the

More information

PERSON PERCEPTION AND INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION

PERSON PERCEPTION AND INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION Person Perception and Interpersonal Attraction MODULE-V 22 PERSON PERCEPTION AND INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION We have already noted, achieving a sense of self is an important achievement. A neonate may not

More information

Asch (1951) found that participants would even give answers which they knew to be untrue, rather than ones which deviated from the views being

Asch (1951) found that participants would even give answers which they knew to be untrue, rather than ones which deviated from the views being Asch (1951) found that participants would even give answers which they knew to be untrue, rather than ones which deviated from the views being expressed by others. The task in Asch s studies involved judging

More information

8/17/2012. Self-Concept Video. Cultural Differences in Defining the Self. Chapter 5. The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

8/17/2012. Self-Concept Video. Cultural Differences in Defining the Self. Chapter 5. The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context Chapter 5 The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context Slides prepared by JoNell Strough, Ph.D. & Philip Lemaster, M.A. West Virginia University Self-Concept Video Click on the screenshot and

More information

Asch (1951) found that participants would even give answers which they knew to be untrue, rather than ones which deviated from the views being

Asch (1951) found that participants would even give answers which they knew to be untrue, rather than ones which deviated from the views being Asch (1951) found that participants would even give answers which they knew to be untrue, rather than ones which deviated from the views being expressed by others. The task in Asch s studies involved judging

More information

Non-smokers rights movement begins Per capita cigarette consumption First medical reports linking smoking and cancer.

Non-smokers rights movement begins Per capita cigarette consumption First medical reports linking smoking and cancer. 5 Non-smokers rights movement begins Per capita cigarette consumption 4 3 2 1 First medical reports linking smoking and cancer End of WW II Great Depression 19 191 192 193 194 195 Years US Surgeon General

More information

Social Psychology. Social Psychology (study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions)

Social Psychology. Social Psychology (study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions) Social Psychology Attitude Attraction Aggression Group Behavior Social Psychology (study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions) Attribution Theory Tries to explain how people

More information

Name: Period: Score /95. Unit 14 Study Assignment Social Psychology. 1. Social behavior arises from our social. 2. Who proposed attribution theory?

Name: Period: Score /95. Unit 14 Study Assignment Social Psychology. 1. Social behavior arises from our social. 2. Who proposed attribution theory? Name: Period: Score /95 Unit 14 Study Assignment Social Psychology 1. Social behavior arises from our social. 2. Who proposed attribution theory? 3. Create an example of the fundamental attribution error.

More information

C) Use of "credible" sources (experts, authority figures)

C) Use of credible sources (experts, authority figures) Traditional Persuasion Techniques A) Greater rewards lead to more responses B) Greater punishment leads to less responses C) Use of "credible" sources (experts, authority figures) D) Use of conformity

More information

Foundations for Success. Unit 3

Foundations for Success. Unit 3 Foundations for Success Unit 3 Know Yourself Socrates Lesson 1 Self-Awareness Key Terms assessment associate cluster differentiate introspection What You Will Learn to Do Determine your behavioral preferences

More information

Social Psychology Terms and Vocabulary. How one tends to act toward the object of an attitude.

Social Psychology Terms and Vocabulary. How one tends to act toward the object of an attitude. Psychology Terms and Vocabulary Action component Actor observer bias Attitude Attitude scale Attribution Autokinetic effect Belief component Brainwashing Coercion How one tends to act toward the object

More information

Social Cognition and Social Perception

Social Cognition and Social Perception Social Cognition and Social Perception Gathered & Prepared By: Maha Wasfi Mobasher Professor of Psychiatry-Faculty of Medicine Cairo University December-2011 www.mahawmobasher.com Social Psychology -Introduction:

More information

Defining Psychology Behaviorism: Social Psychology: Milgram s Obedience Studies Bystander Non-intervention Cognitive Psychology:

Defining Psychology Behaviorism: Social Psychology: Milgram s Obedience Studies Bystander Non-intervention Cognitive Psychology: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Defining Psychology Behaviorism: The scientific study of how rewards and punishment in the environment affect human and non-human behavior Empirical approach: vary contingencies of

More information

Are they formed through education or is it just part of being a human being?

Are they formed through education or is it just part of being a human being? Social Behavior ~ Social Psychology Altruism; Conformity; Obedience; Compliance Are they formed through education or is it just part of being a human being? YouTube: Referee Helps Girl Finish Anthem YouTube:

More information

Welcome to AP Psychology!

Welcome to AP Psychology! Welcome to AP Psychology! http://www.cobblearning.net/agondek/2016/05/25/summer-assignments/ Psychology is the study of how we think, feel and behave. The purpose of this assignment is to familiarize yourself

More information

ORIENTATION SAN FRANCISCO STOP SMOKING PROGRAM

ORIENTATION SAN FRANCISCO STOP SMOKING PROGRAM ORIENTATION SAN FRANCISCO STOP SMOKING PROGRAM PURPOSE To introduce the program, tell the participants what to expect, and set an overall positive tone for the series. AGENDA Item Time 0.1 Acknowledgement

More information

PSY 328 Module 1 Lecture Notes

PSY 328 Module 1 Lecture Notes PSY 328 Module 1 Lecture Notes In the perspective portion of this module, you were introduced to just one aspect of social psychology, impression formation. In Module 1, we will define social psychology,

More information

Social Psychology. Social Psychology

Social Psychology. Social Psychology Term Explanation Application/Example/Extension Social psychology is the study of how people think, act, are influenced, and relate to one another in social situations Implicit personality theory- quick

More information

Conformity Asch study (1951) Which of the lines below is the same as the line to the right?

Conformity Asch study (1951) Which of the lines below is the same as the line to the right? a change in a belief or behavior with the intent to follow a perceived social norm May lead to positive or negative behaviors E.g., conforming to a norm of volunteering versus conforming to a norm of cheating

More information

Building Friendships: Avoid Discounting

Building Friendships: Avoid Discounting Module 3 Part 2 Building Friendships: Avoid Discounting Objectives: 1. Explore the relationship between stress and discounting. 2. Understand what discounting is and how it relates to stress in relationships.

More information

WHAT IS SELF? MODULE-IV OBJECTIVES 16.1 CONCEPT OF SELF. What is Self? Self and Personality. Notes

WHAT IS SELF? MODULE-IV OBJECTIVES 16.1 CONCEPT OF SELF. What is Self? Self and Personality. Notes What is Self? MODULE-IV 16 WHAT IS SELF? Self is focus of our everyday behaviour and all of us do have a set of perceptions and beliefs about ourselves. This kind of self concept plays important role in

More information

General Psychology Social Psych. Cognitive Bias. Bystander Effect. When others are present, less likely to help Fundamental Attribution Error

General Psychology Social Psych. Cognitive Bias. Bystander Effect. When others are present, less likely to help Fundamental Attribution Error General Psychology Social Psych Cognitive Bias Bystander Effect When others are present, less likely to help Fundamental Attribution Error Also called Correspondence Bias Attribution Effect We prefer dispositional

More information

What You Will Learn to Do. Linked Core Abilities Build your capacity for life-long learning Treat self and others with respect

What You Will Learn to Do. Linked Core Abilities Build your capacity for life-long learning Treat self and others with respect Courtesy of Army JROTC U3C1L1 Self-Awareness Key Words: Assessment Associate Cluster Differentiate Introspection What You Will Learn to Do Determine your behavioral preferences Linked Core Abilities Build

More information

Study Guide for Why We Overeat and How to Stop Copyright 2017, Elizabeth Babcock, LCSW

Study Guide for Why We Overeat and How to Stop Copyright 2017, Elizabeth Babcock, LCSW Study Guide for Why We Overeat and How to Stop Copyright 2017, Elizabeth Babcock, LCSW This book can be discussed in many different ways. Whatever feels productive and enlightening for you and/or your

More information

Shyness: The fear of getting acquainted

Shyness: The fear of getting acquainted Shyness: The fear of getting acquainted LP 1C: Shyness 1 Many psychologists believe that there is an inherent need to affiliate with other people. Meeting other people and forming relationships is a difficult

More information

FARMINGDALE STATE COLLEGE DATE: FALL 2017

FARMINGDALE STATE COLLEGE DATE: FALL 2017 FARMINGDALE STATE COLLEGE DEPARTMENT: PSYCHOLOGY PREPARED BY: PSYCHOLOGY DEPT. DATE: FALL 2017 COURSE TITLE: Social Psychology COURSE CODE: PSY 234 CREDITS: 3 CONTACT HOURS: 45 CATALOG DESCRIPTION: This

More information

UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS

UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS 462 U2 AOS1: Interpersonal behaviour Research methods and ethics Case study 1 Emotional and behavioural responses to racism Kawakami and colleagues (2009) predicted that one reason why racism and prejudice

More information

Outcome Measurement Guidance

Outcome Measurement Guidance Outcome Measurement Guidance The following learning objectives, goal statements and accompanying outcome items were prepared by the Ohio Department of Health Rape Prevention Education Team to assist you

More information

What is Social Psychology

What is Social Psychology The Social World What is Social Psychology An attempt to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others

More information

Thinking About Psychology

Thinking About Psychology Thinking About Psychology Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2012 Social Context Domain Jason Doly/istockphoto

More information

LP 12A Attribution and Stereotypes 1 04/13/15. Social Psychology

LP 12A Attribution and Stereotypes 1 04/13/15. Social Psychology Social Psychology LP 12A Attribution and Stereotypes 1 12.1 How Do We Form Our Impressions of Others? Nonverbal Actions and Expressions Affect our First Impressions We Make Attributions about Others Stereotypes

More information

Co-Cultures co- cultural

Co-Cultures co- cultural Challenges of Diversity in Dealing with Emergency Response Robert C. Chandler, PhD Chair, Communication Division Center for Communication and Business Pepperdine University Robert C. Chandler, Ph.D., 2006

More information

43. Can subliminal messages affect behavior? o Subliminal messages have NO effect on behavior - but people perceive that their behavior changed.

43. Can subliminal messages affect behavior? o Subliminal messages have NO effect on behavior - but people perceive that their behavior changed. 34. How does the idea of mindlessness relate to persuasion? What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model? What are two routes of the ELM? What is the differences between the two routes? Many decisions are

More information

Study #36 A PRISON BY ANY OTHER NAME

Study #36 A PRISON BY ANY OTHER NAME Study #36 A PRISON BY ANY OTHER NAME 1. In Zimbardo s prison study, he set out to prove his theory that : Regardless of an individual s situation, no matter how desperate or horrific, their genetic predispositions

More information

Social Psychology. An Overview By Halford Fairchild January 22, 2015

Social Psychology. An Overview By Halford Fairchild January 22, 2015 Social Psychology An Overview By Halford Fairchild January 22, 2015 What is Social Psychology? From our text: Social Psychology is the scientific study of how we feel about, think about, and behave toward

More information

I DON T WANT TO BE CONFUSED! Social Psych topics that could be easily mixed up!

I DON T WANT TO BE CONFUSED! Social Psych topics that could be easily mixed up! I DON T WANT TO BE CONFUSED! Social Psych topics that could be easily mixed up! Groupthink vs. Group Polarization Both are effects the larger group has on an individual s behavior within that group Groupthink

More information

Attitude I. Attitude A. A positive or negative evaluation of a concept B. Attitudes tend to be based on 1)...values 2)...beliefs 3)...

Attitude I. Attitude A. A positive or negative evaluation of a concept B. Attitudes tend to be based on 1)...values 2)...beliefs 3)... Attitude I. Attitude A. A positive or negative evaluation of a concept B. Attitudes tend to be based on 1)...values 2)...beliefs 3)...affect, how things make us feels 4)...past experience II. Values A.

More information

Focuses in Social Psychology

Focuses in Social Psychology Focuses in Social Psychology We cannot live for ourselves alone. Herman Melville Social psychology scientifically studies how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Social Thinking 1. Does

More information

Behavior Change Theories

Behavior Change Theories Behavior Change Theories Abdul-Monaf Al-Jadiry, MD, FRCPsych Professor of Psychiatry Behavioral change theories These theories explain the reasons behind alterations in individuals' behavioral patterns.

More information

Groups in Organizations. Overview of topics

Groups in Organizations. Overview of topics Groups in Organizations Overview of topics 1 Plan of today s lecture Groups general aspects Links with individual behavior Cohesion & conformity Decision making in groups 2 Characteristics of Groups Groups

More information

Improving Personal Effectiveness With Versatility

Improving Personal Effectiveness With Versatility CONCEPTS GUIDE TRACOM Sneak Peek Excerpts from Improving Personal Effectiveness With Versatility Concepts Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Introduction...1 The SOCIAL STYLE MODEL TM...1 Where Did Your Style

More information

Neurobiology of Sexual Assault Trauma: Supportive Conversations with Victims

Neurobiology of Sexual Assault Trauma: Supportive Conversations with Victims Neurobiology of Sexual Assault Trauma: Supportive Conversations with Victims Jim Hopper, Ph.D. November 2017 Handout 1: Using Neurobiology of Trauma Concepts to Validate, Reassure, and Support Note: In

More information

BASIC VOLUME. Elements of Drug Dependence Treatment

BASIC VOLUME. Elements of Drug Dependence Treatment BASIC VOLUME Elements of Drug Dependence Treatment Module 2 Motivating clients for treatment and addressing resistance Basic counselling skills for drug dependence treatment Special considerations when

More information

2015 NADTA Conference Pre-Education Committee Book Club Everyday Bias, Howard J. Ross, Suggested Group Discussion Questions

2015 NADTA Conference Pre-Education Committee Book Club Everyday Bias, Howard J. Ross, Suggested Group Discussion Questions 2015 NADTA Conference Pre-Education Committee Book Club Everyday Bias, Howard J. Ross, Suggested Group Discussion Questions 1. After reading this book, which research examples stand out the most in your

More information

My Notebook. A space for your private thoughts.

My Notebook. A space for your private thoughts. My Notebook A space for your private thoughts. 2 Ground rules: 1. Listen respectfully. 2. Speak your truth. And honor other people s truth. 3. If your conversations get off track, pause and restart. Say

More information

VISUALIZING. Chapter 15: Social Psychology. Lecture Overview

VISUALIZING. Chapter 15: Social Psychology. Lecture Overview VISUALIZING Prepared By: Dawn More, Algonquin College Chapter 15: Social Psychology Media Enhanced PowerPoint Presentation Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd 2 Lecture Overview Our Thoughts about

More information

This message was published in the Wall Street Journal recently:

This message was published in the Wall Street Journal recently: This message was published in the Wall Street Journal recently: People don t want to be managed. They want to be led. Whoever heard of a world manager? World Leader, Yes Educational Leader, Political Leader,

More information

Chapter 4: Audience Dynamics. Upon completing this session, you will be able to:

Chapter 4: Audience Dynamics. Upon completing this session, you will be able to: Public Speaking Chapter 4: Audience Dynamics Objectives Upon completing this session, you will be able to: Adapt your speech to audience dynamics Adjust your presentation to audience demographics Meet

More information

A FRAMEWORK FOR EMPOWERMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR EMPOWERMENT A FRAMEWORK FOR EMPOWERMENT What is an Empowered Person? Think about someone you know and admire. It could be a neighbor, a family member, someone you know from TV or the news. It can even be someone you

More information

Psychology. What is Psychology? The Biological Approach

Psychology. What is Psychology? The Biological Approach Psychology What is Psychology? The Biological Approach This approach argues that all human behaviour is determined by biology, this includes the role of the brain, nervous system, neurotransmitters, hormones

More information

Behavior in Groups: Joining With Others Bystander Effect, Group Productivity & Social Loafing; Decision Making in Groups

Behavior in Groups: Joining With Others Bystander Effect, Group Productivity & Social Loafing; Decision Making in Groups Behavior in Groups: Joining With Others Bystander Effect, Group Productivity & Social Loafing; Decision Making in Groups How does being part of a group influences the way individuals behave? Why people

More information

A report about. Anxiety. Easy Read summary

A report about. Anxiety. Easy Read summary A report about Anxiety Easy Read summary Mental Health Awareness Week 2014 This is an Easy Read summary of the Living with Anxiety report (2014). This report was written by the Mental Health Foundation.

More information

Handouts for Training on the Neurobiology of Trauma

Handouts for Training on the Neurobiology of Trauma Handouts for Training on the Neurobiology of Trauma Jim Hopper, Ph.D. April 2016 Handout 1: How to Use the Neurobiology of Trauma Responses and Resources Note: In order to effectively use these answers,

More information

Social Psychology. The scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another.

Social Psychology. The scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another. Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another. Attribution Theory Suggests how we explain someone s behavior We credit that behavior either to the situation

More information

TRACOM Sneak Peek Excerpts from. Self-Perception Guide

TRACOM Sneak Peek Excerpts from. Self-Perception Guide TRACOM Sneak Peek Excerpts from Self-Perception Guide Self-perception GUIDE Table of Contents Introduction...1 The SOCIAL STYLE MODEL TM............................................. 1 Where Did Your Style

More information