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1 PERSONALITY CH 14 Vocabulary Term Definition Term Example Personality a person s unique and relatively stable Consistency of who you are, have behavior patterns been, and will become. Character Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated; a persons desirable or undesirable qualities you are Friendly, outgoing, and attractive and describing what we regard as good character. Temperament Personality trait Personality type Introvert Extrovert Self Concept Self Esteem Personality theory Trait Theorist Common traits Individual Traits Cardinal Trait Central Traits Secondary traits Surface Traits Source Traits The heredity aspects of personality, including sensitivity, activity levels, prevailing mood, irritability, and adaptability. a Stable, enduring quality that a person shows in most situations A style of personality defined by a group of related traits. a person whose attention is focused inward; a shy, reserved, self centered person A person whose attention is directed outward; a bold, outgoing person. A person s perception of his or her own personality traits Regarding oneself as a worthwhile person; a positive evaluation of ones self. A system of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles used to understand and explain A psychologist interested in classifying, analyzing, and interrelating traits to understand Personal traits that are shared by most members of a particular culture. Personality traits that define a person's unique individual qualities. A personality trait so basic that all of a person s activities relate to it. The core traits that characterize an individual traits that are inconsistent or relatively superficial The visible or observable traits of one s Basic underlying traits of personality; each source trait that is reflected in a number of surface traits Raw material from which personalities are formed typically inferred from behavior. athletic, motherly, hip hop, techno geek types shy, self reserved. wild, wittiest, most party loving. picture you have of your own can either be low or high and will result in depressed (low) or excited ane happy (high) Trait theories, psychodynamic, behavioristic, social learning, humanistic, to see if somone is bold, or confident. tells us how people from a particular nation or culture are similar. to find how someone is different. compassion was an overriding triat of mother Teresa's a good amount can tell how the person truly is. food preferances, attitudes, political opinions, musical tastes. what people see on the outside. the true way someone is emotionally.

2 Trait Profile Five Factor Model Trait Situation Interaction Behavioral Genetics Psycho Analytic Theory A graph of the scores obtained on several personality traits Proposes that there are five universal dimensions of The influence that external settings or circumstances have on the expression of personality traits. The Study of inherited behavioral traits and tendencies. Freudian theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious forces and conflicts draws a picture of a persons individual qualities. it can answer what is the essence of human moved from a church, to a classroom to a party to a football game. some mental disorders, temperament, and other complex qualities. to learn what drives, conflicts, and energies animate us. Neo Freudian Striving for superiority Compensation Style of life Creative Self Basic anxiety Persona Personal unconscious Collective unconscious Archetype Anima Animus Self archetype Mandala Behavioral Personality theory Learning theorists Situational Determinants A Theorist who has revised Freud s theory, while still accepting some of his basic concepts. According to Adler, this basic drive propels us toward perfection Any attempt to overcome feelings of inadequacy or inferiority. The pattern of personality and behavior that defines the pathway each person takes through life. The "artist" in each of us that crates a unique identity and style of life. A primary form of anxiety that arises from living in a hostile world. The "mask" or public self presented to others New Freudian Ideas from others than Freud himself. everyones experiences are of inferiority choosing a different path to superiority. the core of how someone is personality wise. humans create their personalities through their experiences. when someone feels isolated. the Façade that is presented to others that don t know the real personality Mental storehouse for a single individual's unconscious thoughts. A mental storehouse for unconscious ideas and images shared by all humans. A universal idea, image, or pattern, found in the collective unconscious An archetype representing the female principle. uconscious idealized image of a man An archetype representing the male principle unconscious Idealized image of a woman An unconscious image representing, unity, wholeness, completion, and balance. A circular design representing balance, unity, and completion Any model of personality that emphasizes learning and observable behavior. A psychologist interested in the ways that learning shapes behavior and explains External conditions that strongly influence behavior. When a balance is achieved between conscious and unconscious is acquired through observational, classical, reinforcement, etc. there is no such trait as "honesty" to these theorists our actions

3 Habit Drive Cue A deeply ingrained, learned pattern of Nail Biting behavior. Any stimulus strong enough to goad a person hunger, lust, pain, frustration, to action. External stimuli that guide responses, especially by signaling the presence or absence of a signals from the environment reinforcement Response Any behavior, either observable or internal. actions Reward Social learning theory Psychological situation Anything that produces pleasure or positive reinforcement satisfaction; a positive reinforcer. An explanation of personality that combines modeling, thought patterns, learning principles, cognition, and the effects of,perceptions, social relationships. a situation as it is perceived and interpreted by an individual, not as it exists objectively how the individual interprets the situation. Expectancy Reinforcement value Self efficacy Self Reinforcement Social Reinforcement Critical situations Humanism Self actualization Self actualizer Self Self Image Incongruence Ideal Self Conditions of worth Anticipation about the effect a response will have, especially regarding reinforcement. making a response that will lead to a reinforcement. The subjective value in a person attaches to a particular activity or reinforcer. value of the reinforcement Belief in your capacity to produce a desired result. Praising or rewarding oneself for having made a particular response. (e.g.) finishing a school assignment Praise, attention, approval, and/or affection from others Situations during childhood that are capable of leaving a lasting imprint on personality An approach that focuses on human experience, problems, potentials, and ideals. The process of fully developing personal potentials. One who is living creatively and making full use of his or her potentials A continuously evolving conception of ones personal identity Total subjective perception of one s own body and State that exists when there is a discrepancy between one s own experiences and self image or between one s self image and ideal self an idealized image of oneself ( the person one would like to be) Internal standards used to judge the value of one s thoughts, actions, feelings or experiences. Feeding, toilet or cleanliness training, sex training, learning to express anger or agression. the experiences that you have in your life that give you different pionts of view. those who see themselves as kind, tend to be considerate in most situations. it is an image of the person you would most like to be.

4 Positive Self Regard Organismic Value Unconditional Positive Regard Interview (personality) Diagnostic Interview Halo effect Thinking of one s self as a good, loveable, worthwhile person. A natural, undistorted, full body reaction to an experience. Unshakable love and approval given without qualification. A face to face meeting held for the purpose of gaining information about an individual's personal history, personality traits, current psychological state, and so forth. An interview used to find out how a person is feeling and what complaints or symptoms he or she has. The tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of gut level response to life that avoids the filtering and distortion of incongruence. such as an interview for a job, or a certain position in a busieness. a therapist meeting. such as looks, would potentially make a person think they are more mature. Direct observation Assessing behavior through direct surveillance. looking at behavior Rating scale Behavioral assessment Situational test Personality Questionnaire Objective test Reliability Validity A list of personality traits or aspects of behavior on which a person is rated. Recording the frequency of various behaviors. Stimulating Real life conditions so that person s reactions may be directly observed. a paper and pencil test consisting of questions that reveal aspects of personality A test that gives the same score when different people correct it. The ability of a test to yield easy the same score each time it is given to the same person. The ability of a test to measure what it purports to measure. One of the best known and most widely used Minnesota Multiphasic Personal objective personality questionnaires. MMPI 2 Profile Validity Scales Honesty test Projective Tests Rorschach Technique A graphic Representation of an individual s scores on each of the primary scales of the MMPI 2 Scales that tell whether test scores should be invalidated for lying, inconsistency, of ''faking good" A paper and pencil test designed to detect attitudes, beliefs, and behavior patterns that predispose a person to dishonest behavior. some rates will be overlooked while some are exggerated. psychologist may take note of a patients agression. to test someones reactions in a certain situation. more objective than interviews or observation. to correctly identify a persons particular psychological problems used to identify personality disorders. Psychological tests making use of ambiguous or a picture of an automobile. unstructured stimuli. A Projective test comprised of 10 standardized inkblot test to see what the subject stimuli. thinks it is.

5 A projective Test consisting of 20 different Thematic Apperception Test (TA scenes and life situations about which respondents make up stories. Shyness A tendency to avoid others plus uneasiness and strain when socializing. Social Anxiety A feeling of apprehension in the presence of others. Private Self Consciousness Preoccupation with inner feelings, thoughts and fantasies. Public Self Consciousness Intense awareness of oneself as a social object. Freudian Concepts Anal stage Anal Expulsive personality Anal Retentive Personality Conscience The Psychosexual stage corresponding roughly to the period of toiled training A disorderly, destructive, cruel, or messy person. a person who is obstinate, stingy, or compulsive, and generally has difficulty "letting go" The part of the superego that causes guilt when standards are not met. when child expresses rebellion or gain approval. Guilty feelings because you didn t do something up to your standards. Region of the mind that includes all mental aware of everything at the given Conscious contents a person is aware at any given moment. moment The executive part of personality that directs directs behaviors by relating the Ego rational behavior. desires of the id. The part of the superego representing ideal Ego Ideal behavior; a source of pride Is when standards source of goals and aspirations. are met. A girl s sexual attraction to her father and Cat Fight between mommy and her Electra conflict feelings of rivalry to her mother. little girl. Anybody area that produces pleasurable Erogenous Zone capable of producing pleasure. sensations. Eros Freud's name for the "life instincts" underlies efforts to survive. Fixation Period of full psychosexual development, an upswing in sexual energies in Genital Stage marked by the attainment of mature adult puberty. sexuality. a Lasting conflict developed as a result of unresolved emotion or hang up, frustration or overindulgence caused by overindulgence Id Latency Libido Moral Anxiety Neurotic Anxiety The primitive part of personality that remains unconscious, supplies energy, and demands pleasure. According to Freud, a period in childhood when psychosexual development is more or less interrupted. In Freudian theory, the force, primarily pleasure oriented, that energizes the Apprehension felt when thoughts, impulses, or actions conflict with the superego standards. Apprehension felt when the ego struggles to control the id impulses. self serving, irrational, impulsive, and totally unconscious, puberty is taking a break. energy that flows through the body. threats of punishment from superego. when Ego can barely stay under control.

6 Oedipus Conflict Oral Stage Oral Aggressive personality Oral Dependant personality Phallic Personality Phallic Stage Pleasurable principle Preconscious Psyche Psychosexual stages Reality Principle A boy s sexual attraction to his mother, and feelings of rivalry with the father. The period when infants are preoccupied with the mouth as a source of pleasure and means of expression. A person who uses the mouth to express hostility by shouting, cursing, biting, and so forth. Also, one who actively exploits others. A person who wants to passively receive gifts, love and so forth. A person who is vain, exhibitionistic, sensitive, and narcissistic. The psychosexual stage (roughly ages 3 to 6) when a child is preoccupied with the genitals. A desire for immediate satisfaction of wishes desires or needs. An area of the mind containing information that can be voluntarily brought to awareness. The mind, mental life, and personality as a whole. the oral, anal, phallic, and genital stages, during which carious personality traits are formed Delaying action (or pleasure) until it is appropriate. A judge or censor for thoughts and actions. it speaks for itself stimulation comes from the mouth, gum chewing, nail biting, smoking ect. cynical and exploits others gullible, passive, and need a lot of attention. Self Loved type of person. an increase in sexual desires. freely expressed pleasure seeking urges. material that can easily be brought to awareness. personality erotic childhood urges that have lasting effects on development. it is in conscious control of the Superego Thanatos The death instinct postulated by Freud. aggressive, destructive urges Unconscious The region of the mind that is beyond holds repressed memories and awareness, especially impulses and desires not emotions, plus the instinctual drive. directly known to a person. Name of important study Basic of what was done Lesson(s) learned from the study Personality Theories A system of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles used to understand and explain explains the majority of how we get our personalities and behaviors. Psychodyamic theories Trait Theories Behavioristic theories Humanistic theories Psychoanalytic Theory focus on the inner workings of perosnality, especially internal conflicts and struggles. attempt to learn what traits make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior. Any model of personality that emphasizes learning and observable behavior. stress private, subjective experience and personal growth. Freudian theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious forces and conflicts how to cope and deal with problems that happen to be emotional how your experiences influence your behavior. others trraits that you "mimic" from observation how one keeps things internal within their own experiences. your unconscious has your true desires and thoughts

7 Social learning theories An explanation of personality that combines learning principles, cognition, and the effects of social relationships. Name of Important person What this person is known for Impact on psychology Sigmund Freud See (Freudian Concepts) above. It gave many perspectives on different personalities. Karen Horney Alfred Adler Contradicting Freud s theory of "Anatomy is Destiny" and of Basic Anxiety. Came up with the striving for superiority, which is said to struggle to overcome imperfections, an upward drive for competence, completion, and mastery of shortcomings. Emotional problems tend to lock people into overuse of one of the three modes. This became a "style of life" for each individual, and the Creative self was meant that humans create their personalities through choices and experiences. Carl Jung John Dollard and Neal Miller Albert Bandura Jung regarded the Self Archetype as a representation of unity. And they can be represented by symbols known as Mandalas (Magic Circles) of one kind or another, as well as the two different types of archetypes. (anima & animus) Those habits make up the structure of The dynamics of personality, Habits are governed by four elements of learning: drive, cue, response, and reward. Social Reinforcement which is based on praise, attention, or approval of others, these form the core of personality One of the most important expectancies we develop concerns Self Efficacy. (See vocab above). The persona of the human mind, as well as the unconscious mind. The way that personality can and is developed. Efficacy Beliefs play a role in shaping our lives by influencing the activities and environments we choose to get into.

8 Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers that a housewife, clerk, student, or satisfying life. Maslow referred to the process of fully developing personal potentials as Self Actualization. (see vocab) Carl's theory emphasized the Self and the human capacity ofr inner peace and happiness. Charasteristics of Self Actualizers 1)Efficient perceptions of reality 2)Comfortable acceptance of self, others, nature. 3)Spontaneity 4)Task Centering 5)Autonomy 6)Continued Freshness of appreciation 7)Fellowship with humanity 8)Profound interpersonal relationships 9)Comfort with solitude 10)Nonhostile sense of humor Much of behavior can be understood as an attempt to maintain consistency between our self image and our actions.

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