Assembling the Conservation Puzzle: Conservation Science and Decision-Making Stephanie Lessard-Pilon, PhD Bites of Science Feb 10, 2016

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1 Assembling the Conservation Puzzle: Conservation Science and Decision-Making Stephanie Lessard-Pilon, PhD Bites of Science Feb 10, 2016 S. Lessard-Pilon

2 New York and onwards

3 And then, grad school!

4 Cold seeps and corals in the Gulf of Mexico

5 Exploring the deep

6

7

8

9 Integrated instruction in conservation studies in a different kind of classroom

10 Biodiversity loss and mass extinction Biologist E. O. Wilson If current rates of human destruction of the biosphere continue, one-half of all species of life on earth will be extinct in 100 years. The rate of species extinctions at present is estimated at 100 to 1000 times "background" or average extinction rates in the evolutionary time scale of planet Earth.

11 What is extinction? The loss of a species from a portion of its range (local extinction) wild, free-living existence (extinct in the wild) the world (global extinction)

12 How does extinction happen? Meet the Sneebles

13 Characteristics: What favors extinction? Small population size Small geographic range Scattered population Harvested by people

14 What is conservation?

15 Goals of Conservation Document biodiversity (species) Investigate human impacts Mitigate negative effects

16 Conservation is interdisciplinary Genetics Botany Ecology Veterinary Medicine Reproductive Physiology Economics Zoology Behavior Population Biology Sociology & Conflict Resolution Policy Makers Wildlife/Habitat Management Luck

17 Conservation is a normative, crisis-driven discipline What s normative? Pertaining to a norm; a standard; value-driven Why crisis driven? Mass extinction and a changing climate alter environmental conditions faster than many species can adapt To address conservation problems we must 1) Determine our goals, and determine how to measure progress towards them 2) Determine how to most effectively take action 3) Determine how we can improve our conservation actions

18 Abundance So how do we decide what to do? What counts as success? Time

19 Evolution of Project Management Method Plan Do

20 Adaptive management is based on project cycle management Plan Adapt Do Monitor & Evaluate

21 Using adaptive management to set measurable objectives

22 Measurable objectives are aimed at specific targets Targets = what specifically do you hope to conserve? What are the direct threats to those targets? What are the indirect threats that influence the direct threats? Threats are always anthropogenic. Are they always science-based?

23 Step 1 Conceptualize: Define Scope, Vision, & Targets Vision Project Scope Goal Conservation Target Goal Conservation Target

24 Step 1 Conceptualize: Define Scope, Vision, & Targets Direct Threat Direct Threat Vision Project Scope Goal Conservation Target Direct Threat Goal Conservation Target

25 Step 1 Conceptualize: Define Scope, Vision, & Targets Factor Direct Threat Direct Threat Vision Project Scope Goal Conservation Target Factor Factor Direct Threat Goal Conservation Target

26 Following an understanding of the topic, students Define strategies to reduce direct threats and conserve the target Each step focuses on the achievement of results and is composed of assumptions that can be tested Implicit Assumptions: Strategy? Conservation target improved

27 For example Strategy Result Objective Result (Direct Threat) Objective Impact on Target Goal Objective 1 Objective 2 Brazil nut mgmt plan Mgmt plans implemented Higher quality brazil nut Higher income Higher quality of life Greater recognition of forest s economic value Objective 3 Local people committed to forest mgmt Objective 4 Less conversion of forest to ag Goal Brazil nut forest conserved

28

29 A Black-footed Ferret Story

30 Black-footed ferret historic range

31 Decline of black-footed ferrets Closely connected to prairie dogs for burrows and food Prairie dog decline Exterminated by farmers, ranchers, and government officials Bubonic plague also affected prairie dogs Today, 98% of their habitat is urban development, farms or ranches

32 Declared extinct! But In 1981, a dog found a black-footed ferret! Remnant population of a few dozen ferrets found : Ferrets captured for captive breeding

33 Today s status? reintroductions began Ensuring survival Vaccines! Pre-conditioning 27 reintroduction sites Some self-sustaining Thousands of ferrets in population! Land and habitat needed

34 Your turn! Building an adaptive management model for ferrets What s the target? What s the geographical scope? What s the direct threat? What are the indirect threats? Which stakeholders need to be involved? What are the strategies to address this problem, and what are the results we expect from our strategies?

35 Your turn! Building an adaptive management model for ferrets Step 1: Factor Direct Threat Direct Threat Vision Project Scope Goal Conservation Target Factor Goal Step 2: Factor Direct Threat Conservation Target Strategy Result Result (Direct Threat) Impact on Target Objective Objective Goal

36 Remember: Adaptive management is based on project cycle management Plan Adapt Do Monitor & Evaluate

37 Major takeaways Science content matters To do effective conservation, interdisciplinarity matters more Even MORE important are.(blickley et al 2012) Effective communication Teamwork Project planning matters!

38 Thanks for your attention! Any questions?

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