Ученые записки университета имени П.Ф. Лесгафта (150).

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1 УДК :159.9 ОСОБЕННОСТИ МОТИВАЦИИ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ГАНДБОЛИСТОВ Сули Таха, аспирант, Марина Владимировна Жийяр, доктор педагогических наук, доцент, Российский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта, молодежи и туризма (ГЦОЛИФК), Москва Аннотация В данной статье приведены результаты исследований мотивационной сферы личности профессиональных гандболистов. На основании проведенных исследований автором выполнен анализ полученных результатов и сформированы выводы. Ключевые слова: мотивация, мотивация спортивных достижений, спорт высших достижений. PECULIARITIES OF MOTIVATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF PROFESSIONAL HANDBALL PLAYERS Souli Taha, the post-graduate student, Marina Vladimirovna Gillard, the doctor of pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer, Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, Moscow Annotation This article shows the results of the researches of the motivational sphere of the personality of professional handball players. On the basis of the conducted researches, the authors have analyzes the results and drawn the conclusions. Keywords: motivation, motivation of sports achievements, sport of higher achievements. The motivation of professional handball players is formed in the process of long-term exercises in handball. It is well-known and scientifically substantiated that the motivation of sport achievements is one of the most important and positively influencing factors in sports activities of professional handball players, the preservation of effective game activity during the whole career of the player depends on motivation. Psychological maturity and readiness of the player for his sports achievements are also of great importance, as well as the natural and continuous striving to improve the achievements. This is the aspect, in which the motivation of sports achievements has been one of the most important and acute problems of modern sport of the highest achievements both in theoretical-methodological and practical plane. Our research was conducted to establish the interrelation between social and personal factors of play activity of handball players and based on it to determine the most efficient means and methods of forming the sports achievements motivation. In our research we have used the tests, developed by D.A. Leontyev (Methodology of life-purpose orientations), H. Eysenk (Methodology for temperament determination), T. Ehlers (Methodology for diagnostics of a personality for the motivation to succeed, Methodology for diagnostics of a personality for motivation to avoid failures). The methodology of life-purpose orientations (LPO) was used to identify the system of values of the professional handball players. The experimental group consisted of 16 handball players with high qualification. The data in Figure 1 show that the following aspect have the highest priority for the handball players of high qualification based on the study of the values system of a person: health (81.3%) and wealth (75%). 153

2 Контрольная группа (КГ) Экспериментальная группа (ЭГ) Комфорт Занятия спортом Богатство Внешний вид Здоровье Финансовая безопасность Сила Ответственность Престиж Религия Доверие Общение Любовь Совершенствование Привлекательность Translation of designations (hereinafter) Control Group (CG) Experimental Group (EG) Comfort Sports activity Wealth Appearance Health Financial security Strength Responsibility Prestige Religion Trust Communication Love Enhancement Attractiveness The study of the same parameters in the control group of reserve handball players, consisting of 7 players, has shown that their priorities are: life comfort (57.1%) and wealth (57.1%), Figure 2: 154

3 The comparative results of the selection of LPO of the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG) are presented in Figure 3: The data, obtained from the diagnostics methods, were processed using the multifunctional criterion Fischer's * (Fischer's angular transformation). The results of the processing on a computer using SPSS software have shown that the differences between the life values of the interviewed in the control and experimental groups are reliable (for the significance point p<0.05) "health", which testifies that the "life and value" systems of the handball players with high qualification differs them greatly from the reserve players on the degree of filling their professional life and sports with content. The priority of life values and attitudes of the interviewed of the experimental group is completely different from the life values of the interviewed from the control group. As we can see in Table 1, the priority of live values for the interviewed in control and experimental groups is different. The "comfort" criterion was observed in 57.1% of the interviewed in the CG and only in 18.8% of the interviewed in EG. The criterion "wealth" is important for 57.1% of the interviewed in CG, however it was observed in 75% of the interviewed in EG. A very considerable difference was obtained when evaluating such life important criteri- 155

4 on as "health": 81.3% in the experimental group and 28.6% in the control group. The comparative results of the control and experimental group (life-purpose orientations test) are presented in Table 1: EG (n=16) CG (n=7) * cr. P Comfort 18.8%= %= р>0.01 Sports activities 12.5%=2 14.3%= р>0.05 Wealth 75%= %= р>0.05 Appearance 6.3%=1 14.3%= р>0.05 Health 81.3%= %= р<0.01 Finances 12.5%=2 14.3%= р>0.05 Strength 12.5%=2 14.3%= р>0.05 Responsibility 12.5%=2 14.3%= р>0.05 Prestige 6.3%=1 28.6%= р>0.05 Religion 6.3%=1 14.3%= р>0.05 Trust 6.3 %=1 28.6%= р>0.05 Communication 6.3%=1 14.3%= р>0.05 Love 6.3%=1 28.6%= р>0.05 Enhancement 12.5%=2 14.3%= р>0.05 Attractiveness 6.3 %=1 14.3%= р>0.05 The methodology to determine the temperament was applied to study the individual peculiarities of handball players from the point of view of neuroticism, extraversion and introversion. The results of the interviews with the handball players in the experimental group (n=16) have shown that 50% of players belong to choleric-melancholic, 37.5% choleric and 12.5 sanguine choleric. The data is presented in Table 2: Player No. Temperament type Extraversion Neuroticism 1 Choleric Potential extrovert Potential discordant 2 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Potential discordant 3 Sanguine-Choleric Potential extrovert Sthenic 4 Choleric Potential extrovert Potential discordant 5 Choleric Potential extrovert Potential discordant 6 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Potential discordant 7 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Potential discordant 8 Sanguine-Choleric Potential extrovert Sthenic 9 Choleric Potential extrovert Potential discordant 10 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Potential discordant 11 Choleric Potential extrovert Potential discordant 12 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Potential discordant 13 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Potential discordant 14 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Potential discordant 15 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Potential discordant 16 Choleric Potential extrovert Discordant As we can see in Table 3 71% of the interviewed in the control group were choleric, 29% were choleric-melancholic. Thus, it was established that the temperament type "choleric" prevails in the control group, i.e. it is the most typical for the reserve handball players: Player No. Temperament type Extraversion Neuroticism 1 Choleric Potential extrovert Potential discordant 2 Choleric Potential extrovert Discordant 3 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Super-discordant 4 Choleric-Melancholic Ambivert Super-discordant 5 Choleric Potential extrovert Super-discordant 6 Choleric Potential extrovert Super-discordant 7 Choleric Potential extrovert Discordant The analysis of the results of the conducted study of temperament properties according to H. Aysenk has not shown any considerable differences on the temperament properties between the control and the experimental groups, both groups were homogeneous. At the same 156

5 time a more distinct inclination towards neuroticism was observed in the control group. The methodology of testing the personality for the motivation to succeed allowed determining the motivation to succeed in handball players of the both groups. Table 4 shows the data on the experimental group: EG Points Motivation degree 1 26 very high 2 14 average 3 13 average 4 23 very high 5 24 very high 6 25 very high 7 22 very high 8 25 very high 9 21 very high very high very high very high very high very high very high very high Table 5 shows the results, obtained in the control group: CG Points Motivation degree 1 21 very high 2 15 average 3 19 moderately high 4 17 moderately high 5 18 moderately high 6 15 average 7 19 moderately high The final parameter of motivation to succeed in both groups was obtained by mathematical addition of points. The sum of points from 11 to 15 means the average motivation degree; at points sum from 16 to 20 moderately high degree of motivation; at 21 points and above very high degree of motivation to succeed. Correspondingly the higher the sum of points of the interviewed, their his motivation to succeed is. The data, obtained from the diagnostics methods, were processed using the multifunctional criterion Fischer's * (Fischer's angular transformation). The comparative results of the control (CG) and experimental (EG) groups according to the Methodology for diagnostics of motivation to succeed are given in Table 6: EG (n=16) CG (n=7) * cr. P Very high 87.5%= %= р<0.01 Average 12.5%=2 28.6%= р>0.05 Moderately high %= The performed analysis has shown that the difference between the assessment of motivation to succeed for the interviewed in the control and experimental groups are reliable (for the significance point p<0.05), testifies that the degree of the motivation is considerably higher in the group of players with high qualification, i.e. in the experimental group. The methodology of the personal diagnostics to study the motivation to avoid failures allowed determining the motivation of the handball players to avoid failures. The data, obtained in the experimental group are given in Table 7: EG Points Motivation degree 1 14 Average 2 14 Average 3 15 Average 4 16 Average 157

6 EG Points Motivation degree 5 13 Average 6 12 Average 7 17 High 8 19 High 9 17 High High Average High Average Average High Average Table 8 shows the results, obtained in the control group: CG Points Motivation degree 1 19 High 2 16 Average 3 20 High 4 17 High 5 20 High 6 15 Average 7 18 High The final parameter of motivation to avoid failures in both groups was obtained by mathematical addition of points. The sum of points from 2 to 10 means low motivation to avoid failures, from 11 to 16 average degree of motivation; from 17 to 20 high degree of motivation, more than 20 the degree of motivation to avoid failures is too high. Correspondingly the higher the sum of points of the interviewed, the higher his desire to avoid failures is, and correspondingly he risks less in his play activity. The data, obtained from the diagnostics methods, were processed using the multifunctional criterion Fischer's * (Fischer's angular transformation). The comparative results of the control (CG) and experimental (EG) groups according to the Methodology for diagnostics of motivation to avoid failures are given in Table 9: EG (n=16) CG (n=7) * cr. P High 37.5%=6 71.4%= р>0.05 Average 62.5%= %= р>0.05 As we can see in Table 9, the motivation of the interviewed in control and experimental groups to avoid failures is different. This proves that the activity of the highly qualified handball player forms the attitude for highly effective activity, and the striving for success prevails over the striving to avoid failures. CONCLUSIONS 1. The results of the study using the LPO methodology have shown that the priority of life values of the highly qualified hand-ball players (EG) and reserve handball players (CG) differ. The most considerable differences were obtained in three criteria: "comfort" (p>0.01); "wealth" (p>0.05) and "health" (p<0.01). The criterion "comfort" was observed in 57.1% of the interviewed in CG, and for the EG the importance of the criterion was only 18.8%. The criterion "wealth" was important for 57.1% of the interviewed in CG, but for the interviewed in the EG it was important for 75% of the interviewed. The most considerable difference between the importance was obtained during the evaluation of the criterion "health": 81.3% in EG and 28.6% in CG. 2. The results of the study, using the temperament identification methodology, allowed drawing a conclusion that the control and the experimental groups of the interviewed were homogeneous, and considerable differences between them on the temperament properties were not 158

7 observed. At the same time the interviewed from CG (reserve handball players) demonstrated a more distinct inclination to neuroticism than handball players from EG. 3. The results of the study using the Methodology for diagnostics of the personality's motivation to succeed and Methodology for diagnostics of the personality's motivation to avoid failure have shown that the degree of motivation to succeed and motivation to avoid failures for the interviewed in control and experimental group differs. This proves that the attitude for highly effective play activity prevails for the highly-qualified handball players, and besides the striving for success prevails over the striving to avoid failures. In CG (reserve handball players) on the contrary are more disposed to motivation to avoid failures, rather than motivation to succeed. REFERENCES 1. Avdeeva, N.N. (1976), Study of the relative motive force of conscious motives of different time perspective, Questions of psychology, No. 5, pp Alekseeva L.F. (1996), Psychology of personality activity, Novosibirsk. 3. Aseev, V.G. (1976), Motivation of behavior and the formation of personality, Pedagogy, Moscow. 4. Asmolov, A.G. (2001), Personality Psychology: Principles of General Psychological Analysis, Sense, Moscow. 5. Beshelev, S.D. and Gurvich, F.G. (1974), Mathematical-static methods of expert evaluation, Statistics, Moscow. 6. Brushlinsky, A.V. and Karpov, A.V. (2001), About the criteria of the subject and his activity, Psychology of the subject of professional activity: Sat. Scientific works, publishing House Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Yaroslavl, pp Brushlinsky, A.V. (2003), Psychology of the subject, publishing house Institute of psychology of the Russian Academy of Science, Alatheia", St. Petersburg, Moscow. 8. Budinite G.L. and Kornilova, Т.V. (1993), Personal values and personal preferences of the subject, Questions of psychology, No. 3, pp Vilyunas, V.K. (1990), Psychological mechanisms of human motivation, MSU, Moscow. 10. Vyatkin, B.A (1993), Sport and development of individuality of man, Theory and practice of physical culture, No. 2, pp Goshek, V. and Kalinin, E.A. (1977), The condition and activity of athletes in connection with the features of motivation of achievements, Questions of sports psychohygiene, VNIIFK, Moscow, pp Dodonov, B.I. (1984), Structure and dynamics of the motives of the activity, Questions of psychology, No. 4, pp Maslow, A.G (1999), Motivation and personality, Eurasia, St. Petersburg. 14. Norakidze, V.G. (1975), Methods of research the nature of personality, Metzniereba, Tbilisi. 15. Piloyan, R.A. (1984), Motivation of sports activities, Physical training and sports, Moscow. 16. Uvarov, E.A. (2004), Motivational components of human motor activity under frustration, Proceedings of the international scientific conference of psychologists of sport and physical culture "Rudikov Readings", Moscow, pp Contact information: freemadou4@mail.ru Статья поступила в редакцию