Class Period: Scientific Method Review. Please match the following terms by writing the corresponding letter on the line provided.

Transcription

1 Name: Class Period: Scientific Method Review Vocabulary Matching Please match the following terms by writing the corresponding letter on the line provided. 1. b A logical judgment or interpretation based on observations. 2. c A proposed answer to a question (if, then, because) 3. i Examples of this are microscopic organisms, plants, animals, grass, worms, birds. 4. h Examples of this are water, sunlight, rocks, dirt, temperature. 5. e Observations with numbers and data which can be measured 6. g Is a statement describing what always happens under certain conditions. 7. f A Explanation for events that is widely accepted as true and explains how and why things happen. a. Observation b. Inference c. Hypothesis d. Qualitative observation e. Quantitative observation f. Scientific Theory g. Scientific Law h. Abiotic factor i. Biotic factor 8. a Information gained through senses 9. d Observations with descriptions that can be observed but not measured Metric Conversions <, >, or = (for problems 13-15) cl = 8.60 L km = _2,400,000 cm g = kg km = 12,500_ m L ml m cm Experimental Scenario #3 A student investigated the effect of aged-grass compost (fertilizer made from decaying plant material) on the growth of bean plants. She thought that the compost would provide extra nutrients and make plants grow faster. Thirty bean seeds were divided into three groups and planted in different flats (boxes). All seeds germinated after 12 days and were allowed to grow for five days. The flats were ach given the same amount of water and the same amount of light. Flat A was then fertilized with 3-month old compost; Flat B was given 6-month old compost; and Flat C was given no compost. At the end of 14 days the height of each plant was measured in centimeters. Manipulated Variable: Controlled Variable(s): List (2) amount of light, soil, and water aged-grass compost Responding Variable: growth of bean plants

2 Read the following examples and then decide if the example is qualitative (1) or quantitative(2). 1. It gets darker over a period of time. _1_ (1 or 2) (because periods of time are measured) 2. The flower clusters in 3 blooms. _2_ (1 or 2) 3. Feels very rough. _1_ (1 or 2) 4. The plant is short. 1_ (1 or 2) 5. Leaves are stiff. 1 (1 or 2) Directions: Write the letter A-Abiotic factor or B-Biotic factor next to each object listed below. a Clouds b Snail b Steak b Athletes Foot b Salad b Mold b Grass b Hair b Mushroom a Water a_desert b Paper Read the following situation and answer the following questions. Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 ferns of the same species, which are all approximately the same age and height. She places one in white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Grow and given 20 ml of water once a day for 2 weeks. After the two weeks, Suzie observes the plants and makes measurements. Hypothesis: If I expose a Plant to white light, then it will grow faster than exposed to other colors of light because white light is the closet to natual daylight Independent Variable: Color of Light Dependent Variable: Plant Growth Experimental Control Group: The Plant placed in no light Constants: Plants age Plants Height Miracle-Grow 20ml Water 2 weeks What types of measurements can Suzie make on the plants to determine how they did in different types of light? She can measure height of plants, she can measure width, she could also take mass measurement

3 Describe what a hypothesis is in science. Include your own definition of the word hypothesis and explain how you learned what it is. They are a prediction Statements of what will happen and not an educated guess. They are also the answer to a well developed scientific question. They will also contain all the information needed to understand the scientific investigation. They are formatted with the IF, THEN, and Because style. _It is a tentative explanation, it is a statement that can be tested, May guide an investigation, Used to decide what data to pay attention to and seek Explain what science is and how scientist do science, what are the components and steps? Science has to be part of the Natural World. It has to be observable, measureable and repeatable. Scientist will use different methods in components and steps depending on the scientific question. Describe what a theory in science means to you. A Theory in science describes How or Why something occurs in science. Most of its data is qualitative in design and are mostly used in Life science and Biology. Theories Include observations, Theories have been tested many times, Theories are inferred explanations, strongly supported by evidence. Theories are used to make predictions

4 The Olympigs Every spring, deep in the back woods of southern Arkansas, following the first full moon and the second tornado to wipe out a local trailer park, a unique cultural event takes place. Farmers, kinfolk, moonshiners, and other assorted hillbillies all put on their best pair of britches, look for a pair of shoes and head to the fairgrounds for the almighty Olympigs. They spend the year raising the biggest, or fastest, or prettiest pole shiner around and enter it in one of several Olympig events. The results of this year s competition are listed below. The only problem is that every judge used a different set of units to record the results. Your job is to help these fine folks from below the Mason-Dixon Line out to determine the winner of each event. For each event you must convert to the set of units asked for. You must show your work. Event 3: Pig Prom Contestants: Jim Hatfield Vs John McCoy For this event the contestants will dress their pigs up like beautiful girls. They will be adorned in long gowns, lipstick, and high heel shoes. The pig must then walk on its hind legs across a dance floor, and the pig that walks at the fastest pace wins. According to the official rule book the speeds must be recorded in m/sec. Jim s pig walked at a speed of 220 mm/sec. John s pig walked at a speed of 2.5 m/sec. Jim s Pig s Speed.220m/sec. This one you just need to move the decimal to the left 3 places John s Pig s Speed 2.5 m/sec This one is already in m/sec. Event 4: Pig Out With the Pig Contestants: Clarence the Yokel VS Possum Belly Pete Contestants partner up with their piggiest of pigs and compete to see who can devour delicious, lukewarm, mostly maggot free slop at the fastest rate. In this event results must be recorded in kg/day. Clarence and his pig ate at a rate of mg/day. Pete and his pig ate at a rate of g/day. Clarence s Speed 1.44 kg/day This one we need to more the decimal to the left 6 places Pete s Speed kg/day This one you just need to move the decimal to the left 3 places

5 Manipulated Variable(M.V.) or (Independent)-An independent variable that is manipulated to achieve a particular effect or tested to determine if it is the cause of the effect. Responding Variable(R.V.) or (Dependent)-Responding variable also called dependent variable is the variable that will change as a result of the change in the manipulated variable. It may also be observed and or measured to determine the quantity or quality of change. Control Variables: details in an experiment that need to remain the same in all the trials to make sure the experiment is fair, or valid. Observation-Getting information through your five senses. Inference-A logical judgment or interpretation based on observations. Valid: a fair test, where you change only one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the same. Fact- a truth known by actual experience or observation; something known and confirmed to be true. Qualitative- Observations colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc. Qualitative Quality Quantitative- Observations with numbers like length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc. Quantitative Quantity Experimental control group: The group that you do not experiment on (no manipulated variable) at all so you can compare it to the group you are testing. Abiotic factor: Parts of a habitat that are non-living and have never been alive: water, sunlight, temperature, humidity, wind. Biotic factor: a living thing, or thing that has been living, like an animal or plant, that influences or affects an ecosystem. Ecology - the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings. Technology How people modify the world around them to meet their needs or to solve practical problems

6 Engineer A person who is trained to use both technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems Scientific law- is a statement describing what always happens under certain conditions. A scientific law states what always happens but not why it happens. Scientific Theory- explanation for events that is widely accepted as true and explains how and why things happen. Predicting The process of forecasting what will happen based on past experience or evidence Making Models The process of creating representations of complex objects or processes. Science - the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment Life Science - a branch of science that deals with living organisms and life processes. The study of living things Operational definition Is a statement that describes how to measure a variable or define a Term. Communicating Is the sharing of ideas and experimental findings with others through writing and speaking. Constraints- Something that limits or restricts. Engineering - to design materials, structures, and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost