Student Athlete Identity, Does it Matter?

Transcription

1 Student Athlete Identity, Does it Matter? Nick Pazdziorko April 30, 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

2 Intercollegiate athletics is one of the salient filters through which the public views American postsecondary education. - Pascarella & Terenzini

3 Game Plan: Introduction: Why? Research Question Literature Review: What's out there What's Missing Psychosocial Student Development Athlete Identity AIMS Scale Research Design: Limitations: Implications / Conclusion: Questions:

4 Why Athletes? Personal Oversee Residential complex housing athletes Deal with student athletes having problems Observed the focus that peers and the general population give to this population Give me and possibly others a better understanding of this population

5 Research Question: Does student athlete identity influence the student development of Division I premier sport student athletes (men s football and basketball)?

6 Scouting the players: What s s Out There? Stereotypes Faculty Impact Peer Impact Dress Training / Program Regiments Gender Sexual Orientation Competition Body Image Alcohol / Drug usage abuse Steroids Burn out Injury Transition High school to College to Pro Academics Team dynamic Athlete Identity measurement scale

7 Where s s the field? What s s missing? Impact athlete identity has on a student Student athlete college student development Rhetoric on athletes

8 Psychosocial Development: Possible Models to Choose From Chickering s Theory of Identity Development Development 1969, updated 1993 Proposes 7 vectors of development that contribute to identity formation

9 Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS): Most widely accepted instrument for measuring athlete identity Groff Applied to elite athletes, recreational athletes, and non athletes Comprised of 10 questions focusing on Exclusivity Social Identity Self Identity Negative affectivity

10 Research Question: Does student athlete identity influence the student development of Division I premier sport student athletes (men s football and basketball)?

11 Research Design: Play Book: Participants Pilot project at PSU with men s football and basketball Procedure: Computer based questioner Include demographic information Includes AIMS as well as series of questions related to Chickering s Theory of Identity Development

12 Research Design: Play Book: Date Analysis: Use SPSS Examine factors the Impact Psychosocial Development Sport Residence Scholarship

13 Limitations: Sample Male Division I premier sport athletes Application Own Biases Access to athletes Voluntary responses Specific to one psychosocial theory

14 Implications / Conclusion: Connection between student athlete identity and student psychosocial development Additional Lens Understanding that student athletes are not just another student but a unique population Better programs and services

15 Questions:

16 References: Brewer, B.W., Van Raalte, J.L., & Linder, D.E. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules muscles or Achilles heel? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, Chickering, A. W., & Reisser, L. (1993). Education and identity (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Creswell, John (2008). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd Edition). Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage Publications, Inc Diane G Groff, Ramon B Zabriskie. (2006). An Exploratory Study of Athletic Identity Among Elite Alpine Skiers with Physical Disabilities: Issues of Measurement and Design. Journal of Sport Behavior, 29(2), Evans, N. J., Forney, D. E., & Guido-DiBrito, F. (1998). Student development in college: Theory, research, and practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Gaston-Gayles, J. L. (2004). Examining academic and athletic motivation among student athletes at a division I university. Journal of College Student Development, 45(1), Groff, D. G., Zabriskie, R. B. (2006) An exploratory study of athletic identity among elite alpine skiers with physical disabilities: Issues of measurement and design. Journal of Sport Behavior; Jun 2006; 29, 2; Harrison, C. K., Stone, J., Shapiro, J., Yee, S., Boyd, J. A., & Rullan, V. (2009). The role of gender identities and stereotype salience with the academic performance of male and female college athletes. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 33(1),

17 References: Melendez, M. C. (2006). The influence of athletic participation on the college adjustment of freshmen and sophomore student athletes. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 8(1), Nasco, S. A., & Webb, W. M. (2006). Toward an expanded measure of athletic identity: The inclusion of public and private dimensions. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28(4), Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Schuh, J. H. & Upcraft, M. L. (2001). Assessment practices in student affairs: An applications manual. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Simons, H. D., Bosworth, C., Fujita, S., & Jensen, M. (2007). The athlete stigma in higher education. College Student Journal, 41(2), Singer, J. N. (2008). Benefits and detriments of African American male athletes' participation in a big-time college football program. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 43(4), Woodruff, A. L., & Schallert, D. L. (2008). Studying to play, playing to study: Nine college student-athletes' motivational sense of self. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(1), Yopyk, D. J. A., & Prentice, D. A. (2005). Am I an athlete or a student? Identity salience and stereotype threat in student-athletes. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 27(4),