2. Americans now insist much more strongly that jobs become more impersonal. True False

Transcription

1 Chapters 5 & 17 Quiz Name Values and Ethics True or False: 1. Values and attitude are essentially the same concept. 2. Americans now insist much more strongly that jobs become more impersonal. 3. One could say that instrumental values help you reach your goals, while terminal values are those goals. 4. Value systems are frameworks people use in developing beliefs about themselves, others, and how they should be treated. 5. According to Spranger's six value systems, beauty, form, and harmony are most important to the social person. 6. Clare W. Graves believed that the seven value levels he identified are applied to people's work and overall health. 7. All values systems have one element in common: they fulfill basic physiological needs in the groups of people who created them. 8. Someone who is a pragmatist believes in the worth and dignity of all humans. 9. According Stephen Covey, since the end of World War II, people have developed a focus on character rather than personality. 1

2 10. Cognitive dissonance is the emotional state that results from acting in ways that contradict one's beliefs or other actions. 11. Ethics deals with how behavior should generally conform to cultural ideals of right and wrong. 12. Ethics and morality are not identical concepts. 13. A general fact about ethical problems is that they have simple solutions in which right and wrong are always obvious. 14. Copyright infringement is one of the leading issues in Internet ethics. 15. The principle of utilitarianism means making decisions that promise to do the greatest good for the largest number of people. 16. One of the four basic rationalizations that lead to unethical behavior is the belief that nobody will notice. 17. People with high self-esteem are more likely to seek the short-term gains of unethical behavior. 18. Research by social scientists shows that many people change their ethical standards between home and work. 19. It is widely accepted that the values and customs of countries other than those of the western developed world are inferior, primitive, or degraded. 2

3 20. If the community is the enforcer of law of a country, tradition would overcome any written law in most cases. Multiple Choice: 21. What are values? A. Evaluation of people, ideas, issues, situations, or objects. B. The way you conceive or see yourself. C. Worth or importance you attach to different factors in your life. D. Your feeling of confidence and worth as a person. 22. Statistic expert Daniel Yankelovich believes that give(s) Americans a certain amount of self-esteem, a fairly clear idea of who they are. A. middle class values B. rugged individualism C. egocentrism D. economic power 23. Which generation's values were possibly affected by fears of atomic warfare? A. Radio agers B. Baby boomers C. Generation X D. Generation Y 24. Terminal values are: A. end point ideal values. B. everyday action-directed values. C. based on your action and attitude. D. the ones that help you reach your goals. 25. Which of the following is an instrumental value? A. Family security B. Equal opportunity C. An enjoyable life D. Open-mindedness 3

4 26. Which of the following is one of the ten core values identified by sociologist Robin Williams that are widely held among Americans? A. Progress B. Pragmatism C. Egocentrism D. Conformity 27. Under Spranger's six value systems, things in life that are useful are the most important for the: A. political animal. B. economic person. C. social person. D. aesthetic person. 28. What did Clare Graves believe about the value levels that he defined? A. The levels help you discover the values that are unique to you. B. The levels analyze soundness of moral character. C. The levels are applied to people's work and overall health. D. The levels provide a framework for people to develop their value systems. 29. Idealism is the: A. belief in the importance of ideas and thought. B. leading value system of Generation Y. C. value that is contrary to the beliefs of Humanism. D. belief in the practicality of an action. 30. Sydney prepares for her semester examinations with a strong pledge to never cheat during her exams. But during her financial accounting paper, she found herself seeking help from a colleague. How could this behavior affect Sydney? A. It could lead to cognitive dissonance in Sydney's mind. B. It will create interpersonal value conflict in Sydney's life. C. Sydney will be forced to replace character ethic with personality ethic. D. Sydney's case is one or personal values conflicting with group values. 31. Ethics is not identical to morality as: A. ethics is a corporate requirement while morality is not. B. morality is an ancient concept while ethics is relatively modern. C. ethics talks about the behavior while morality sums up the values, not behavior behind them. D. ethics is more precise and is often based on written guidelines. 4

5 32. The common perception that business and ethics do not go together is based on the misunderstanding that: A. one cannot make money without being corrupt. B. businessmen are immoral persons. C. ethics is closely related to religion which businesses should stay away from. D. being ethical is a losing proposition for a business. 33. are formalized sets of ethical guidelines developed by some companies for use at all levels of an organization. A. Corporate laws B. Moral dictates C. Ethical codes D. Value statements 34. The principle of justice focuses on making sure that: A. all decisions are consistent, unbiased, and based on fact. B. all measures abide by the prevailing law of the country. C. privileges and benefits are distributed equitably. D. all members have easy and fast access to legal assistance. 35. Unethical behavior in the workplace often starts with any of these rationalizations except: A. A belief that the unethical behavior is within ethical and legal limits. B. A belief that because the chosen behavior will work for the best interest of either the individual or the company. C. A belief that the behavior is the only course of action available for the situation. D. A belief that because the chosen behavior helps the company, the company will go along with it and protect the person. 36. The practice of currying favor, or kissing up, with a manager to achieve your own goals is known as: A. warming the seat. B. polishing. C. career mindedness. D. boss massaging. 5

6 37. According to the text, when encountering someone in need, many people look the other way because: A. agencies specializing in assisting such people have the sole responsibility for such acts. B. unless legally required, assisting someone could lead to unwanted litigation. C. other people's goals or a group's pressures override the need. D. people subconsciously evaluate the relative worth of the need and only then do they act. 38. refers to a clique of trusted family members, tribal members, or friends (depending on the culture), who are at the center of power or influence. A. Trust territory B. Inner circle C. Power group D. Primary network 39. means putting ethical standards to work in all areas of the global community in which you live. A. Social responsibility B. Ethical accountability C. Best practices D. Moral responsiveness 40. Most of the strategies of identifying unethical conduct within the company involve turning in the offender and exposing the truth also called: A. self checking. B. scapegoating. C. ostracizing. D. whistleblowing. Fill in the Blank: 41. are the worth or importance you attach to different factors in your life One could say that values help you reach your goals, while values are those goals. 6

7 44. can be defined as soundness of moral character. 45. is a failure to confront the problem when you experience cognitive dissonance. 46. When one is trying to find an excuse for behavior that causes embarrassment, shame, anxiety, or pain, it is called. 47. The ethical tone of an organization nearly always originates in top management and moves in the direction. Short Answer Question (3 points): What is the usual reaction of people when they experience cognitive dissonance? 7