Name: Period: Chapter 11 & 12 Reading Guide Motivation, Emotion, & Stress

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1 Name: Period: Chapter 11 & 12 Reading Guide Motivation, Emotion, & Stress Introduction & Motivational Concepts (pg ) 1. Motivation: Theories of Motivation 2. Instinct: 3. What is the underlying assumption of evolutionary psychology s motivation theory? 4. Drive-Reduction Theory: o Need to maintain homeostasis: 5. Incentives: 6. Optimal arousal theory: o Example: o Yerkes-Dodson Law: 7. Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs: 8. In the space below, draw Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs as a triangle. Label each space with the need and at least one example of that need. It might be helpful to do this in different colors.

2 Hunger Motivation (pg ) 1. Is your stomach the only place where you the feelings of hunger come from? 2. Glucose: 3. What part of the brain integrates glucose messages and hunger pains? 4. List 4 hormones involved in hunger: 5. Set point: 6. Basal metabolic rate: 7. What kinds of food do you crave when stressed? 8. Name 3 different situational influences on eating. 9. Eating disorder: o Anorexia nervosa: o Bulimia nervosa: o Binge-eating disorder: o Obesity (describe 1 social, 1 physical, 1 genetic factor): Sexual Motivation (pg ): Optional reading The Need to Belong (pg ) 1. What is an affiliation need? 2. From an evolutionary perspective, why it is important that we have a strong affiliation need? 3. What happens in our brain when we feel love? 4. Why can being ostracized lead to experiencing real physical pain? 2

3 Motivation at Work (pg ): EXTRA CREDIT 1. Csikszsentmihalyi s concept of flow: o Example: 2. Industrial-Organizational (I/O) psychology: 3. Personnel Psychology: 4. Organizational Psychology: 5. Interviewer illusion: 6. Structured interviews: degree feedback: 8. Halo errors (also halo effect ): 9. Achievement motivation: Fact Check Henry Murray and investigators David McClelland & John Atkinson presumed that people s fantasies would reflect their concern for achievement. So they asked research participants to invent stories about ambiguous pictures, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Look at the image below, what is this boy daydreaming about? If you said he was preoccupied with pursuit of a goal, that he is imaging himself doing a heroic act, or that he is feeling pride about some success, then McClelland & Atkinson would regard you as having a high need for achievement. People with low achievement motivation tend to choose either very easy or very difficult tasks, where failure is either unlikely or not embarrassing. Those with high achievement motivation prefer tasks that are moderately difficult, where success is attainable yet attributable to their success and effort. Which are you? 3

4 year-rule: 11. GRIT: 12. Task leadership: 13. Social leadership: Theories and Physiology of Emotion (pg ) 1. Emotions: Theories of Emotion 2. James-Lange Theory: 3. Why did Walter Cannon think the James-Lange theory was implausible? 4. Cannon-Bard Theory: 5. Schachter s Two-Factor Theory: 6. Sympathetic division of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): 7. Parasympathetic division of ANS: 8. Look at Figure What is the relationship between arousal & performance? 9. What is the point to remember about the spillover effect? 10. How does Robert Zajonc explain emotions? 11. How does Lazarus explain emotions? 12. What part of the nervous system triggers many of the physical responses we have when we experience an emotion? 13. Do different emotions have very different patterns of activation in the brain? 4

5 Expressed Emotions (pg ) 1. Are humans good or bad at recognizing emotions in other people? 2. Are men or women better at analyzing people s nonverbal expressions? 3. Do facial expressions have different meanings in different cultures? 4. Display rules: 5. According to Darwin, why would it have been important evolutionarily for facial muscles to be universal to every culture? 6. Facial-feedback effect: Experienced Emotions (pg ) 1. What is the function of fear? 2. Which psychological perspective would agree with the following statement? We may be biologically prepared to learn some fears more quickly than others. We humans quickly learn to fear snakes, spiders, and cliffs fears that probably helped our ancestors survive. 3. What structure in the limbic system is closely tied to the learning of fears? 4. If this structure in the limbic system is damaged, the person can experience an emotional reaction, but will not be able to remember why. What structure is this? 5. Catharsis: 6. Best ways to control anger (Carol Tavris): 7. Feel-good, do-good phenomenon: 8. Subjective well-being: 9. Adaptation-level phenomenon: 10. Relative deprivation: Stress & Health (pg ) 1. Stress: 2. Walter Cannon s fight or flight response: 5

6 3. Hans Seyle s general adaptation syndrome (Draw it below): 4. Most significant sources of stress: 5. Type A (which characteristic MOST likely to contribute to heart disease): 6. Type B: 7. Psychophysiological illness: o Example: 8. Explain how your body fights off disease. Promoting Health (pg ) 1. Problem-focused vs. emotion-focused coping strategies: 2. Impact of perception of control on stress & health: 3. 3 benefits of sustained aerobic exercise on our physical and psychological health: 4. Biofeedback (include benefits): 5. 2 possible intervening variables that might account for the faith factor in health. 6

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