Title: Healthy snacks at the checkout counter: A lab and field study on the impact of shelf arrangement and assortment structure on consumer choices
|
|
- Christian Norris
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Author's response to reviews Title: Healthy snacks at the checkout counter: A lab and field study on the impact of shelf arrangement and assortment structure on consumer choices Authors: Ellen van Kleef (Ellen.vanKleef@wur.nl) Kai Otten (kai_otten@hotmail.com) Hans C.M. van Trijp (Hans.vanTrijp@wur.nl) Version: 4 Date: 5 November 2012 Author's response to reviews: see over
2 November 5, 2012 Dear Dr Silvano Gallus, Attached you find the revised paper Healthy snacks at the checkout counter: a lab and field study on the impact of shelf arrangement and assortment structure on consumer choices (manuscript ID ). The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. To facilitate the evaluation of our revised paper, we have addressed each of the reviewers comments, and provided details of these changes in a later attached document. We have attempted to address all of the comments in the revised manuscript. Again, we believe that the paper has improved thanks to the useful suggestions. We look forward to hearing your conclusion on the paper. Yours sincerely, also on behalf of the co-authors Kai Otten and Hans van Trijp. Ellen van Kleef (Ellen.vanKleef@wur.nl) 1
3 Revision note paper Healthy snacks at the checkout counter: A lab and field study on the impact of shelf arrangement and assortment structure on consumer choices Reviewer's report: Reviewer: Marijn Stok The manuscript describes two studies (one lab study and one field study) investigating the results of manipulations of availability and accessibility of healthy and unhealthy snacks at the checkout counter. The study addresses a timely and important topic and does so in a sound and well-thought out manner. The potential interactive effects between availability and accessibility are an interesting issue, which has not received much attention to date. Nevertheless, there are also some issues with the manuscript that should be addressed. - Major Compulsory Revisions 1. The Abstract should reflect not only the obtained significant findings for availability, but also the non-significant findings for accessibility and for the interaction between both factors. We now also included non-significant findings in the abstract. This part of the abstract now reads as follows (page 2, results section of abstract): Regarding shelf display location of healthy snacks, no significant differences were observed. There was also no significant shelf arrangement by assortment structure interactive effect. The field study replicated these findings, in that this assortment structure led to higher sales of healthy snacks. Sales of unhealthy and total snacks were not impacted by manipulations (no main or interaction effects). 2. The hypotheses posed in the Introduction (last paragraph) discuss only the combined effect of availability and accessibility, while the results section pay most attention to main effects of these factors. This should be reflected in the hypotheses. We rewrote the hypothesis as follows (page 7, introduction, last paragraph): For both studies, it was hypothesized that the individual and combined effect of increasing the availability of healthy snacks (while at the same time not banning unhealthy snacks) and positioning them at the top of the shelf display would increase sales of these healthy options. 3. Methods, procedure and materials, first paragraph: Participants are asked to select their favourite snack. Why was the question posed like this? Isn t this something else than the snack they would be most likely to choose in the situation they had to imagine? A discussion of whether this may be of influence on the results is in order. Indeed, how a question is asked may substantially influence the answers being given. We choose for this wording of favourite snack as we assumed that given the instruction of having to imagine being at the university canteen around 4 o clock in the afternoon and selecting a favourite snack would correspond most to what typically happens in real life. Nevertheless, selecting a favourite snack instead of selecting a snack may put emphasis 2
4 on taste and liking more than what a study may typically purchase. Therefore, in the conclusions section we now added (page 17): Perhaps the assortment did not look like a typical snack assortment at a university canteen or the instruction being given (select favourite snack) influenced choice. 4. The Methods, measures section introduces a number of variables that are not previously discussed. Why are satisfaction, realism and mood assessed, what is their relevance? This should be included in the introduction. Moreover, it does not become clear (also not from the order of reporting in the results section) if these variables are seen as separate dependent variables of interest or if they serve as manipulation check variables to make sure that the manipulation did not influence these factors. Choice satisfaction was assessed as a separate dependent variable of interest as the idea behind nudging is that consumers are equally satisfied with their choice and do not feel pressurized to make a different choice. We now include this choice satisfaction variable in the introduction in the section about ethical concerns (page 7): Therefore, an additional aim of this study is that we also examined participants perception of their freedom in making choices and choice satisfaction. We included assortment realism and mood as a manipulation checks to examine whether these factors influenced our manipulation. We added that to the measures section (page 9): To rule out reasons why the manipulations may (not) influence choice, assortment realism and mood were measured as manipulation checks. 5. Method, field study, design, paragraph 2: could lower price of the fruits influence choice? Should this be discussed? Were the items exactly identical to those in the lab study? Were the amounts the same (12 vs 4, so 16 in total)? How were the participants choices recorded? Did participants realize their choices were recorded? Some more information about the setup should be provided to clear up these questions. In the conclusions section, we now refer to the lower price of the fruits as a limitation of the study. It reads as follows (page 17): In the field study, fruit had a lower price which may have given these products an additional benefit. Although the total number of items was similar to the lab study, the items themselves were not exactly the same as in the lab study. We now describe this more clearly in the methodology section (page 11): Although the same nutrition criteria to select healthy and unhealthy snacks were applied, due to availability not all type of snacks were similar to the snacks used in the lab study. The number of available snacks was the same: 16 in total (12 versus 4 depending on conditions). We now describe more extensively how data was collected during the field study (page 12): During the four experimental weeks, sales data were collected by staff canteen employees on a daily basis by counting the number of snacks left at the end of each day. It was not communicated to visitors that a study was going on. 3
5 6. Results, Study 1, paragraph 2: the assortments with 75% unhealthy snacks were considered by the participants as more realistic. Does this mean anything for the interpretability of the results? Could it not be the case that students, seeing the unrealistically high number on unhealthy snacks, responded to perceived demand characteristics to choose a healthy snack? This should be addressed in the discussion section. We agree that this finding may be related to a demand effect when participants had to make a choice during the study. We therefore now describe this in the conclusions section (page 17): Additionally, the assortments with 75% unhealthy snacks were seen as more realistic than assortments with 25% unhealthy snacks. The increased healthy choices may be due to the demand effects of the research context which may have hinted at health and food choices. 7. Results from Study 2 show that the assortments with 75% healthy snacks resulted in higher purchase of healthy snacks. The amount of unhealthy snacks did not decrease, however: in all, participants thus seem to consume more in total. If that would indeed be the case, would it then still be a good (good in terms of implications for public health) result that healthy item purchase increases so much? It would only lead to higher consumption in total, and thus a higher amount of kcal! On the other hand however, you do report that total consumption does not differ between conditions. How can that be when healthy snacks increase and unhealthy snacks remain the same? The total of that would be an increase, I would think. When I look at Figure 3, there do seem to be differences also in unhealthy snacks and total snacks. More discussion of these results is in order. We see the same trends in the field study data as the reviewer notices. Indeed, consumption of unhealthy snacks is not significantly different among conditions, but figure 4 (figure 3 in initial paper) shows that when 75% of the assortment consists out of healthy snacks, people seem more seduced to purchase a snack. Also, putting healthy snacks at lower shelves seems to make people less inclined to purchase them. Repeated measures ANOVA also shows trends towards these directions. For example, the main effect of assortment structure on sales of unhealthy snacks is marginally significant at p=0.09. However, in accordance with common practice, we decided to only consider a p-level smaller than 0.05 as statistically significant. Moreover, we corrected the analysis for number of visitors per day. Data was limited, as we now also indicate in the conclusions section (page 16). In terms of implications for public health, our perspective is that snacking is not necessarily unhealthy. Within a snack choice moment, our viewpoint is that it would be beneficial if consumers would choose low caloric or fruit snacks instead of regular, more energy dense snacks. 4
6 - Minor Essential Revisions 1. Degrees of freedom for ANOVA and Chi Square test results are missing. We now report degrees of freedom for ANOVA and Chi Square test results. 2. Standard deviations are missing. We now report all standard deviations 3. There are some wording and phrasing issues that should be addressed (e.g. introduction, first paragraph: how can a daily frequency increase? Does this mean that on more days, one snack is taken, or that on any given day, more snacks are taken, or something else still; introduction, second paragraph: interventions are without ban on forbidden products; introduction, fourth paragraph: No research to date combined both effects to better understand their potential; results, field study, survey, paragraph 2: that should be removed in the first sentence; etc.) We made the suggested textual changes and rewrote the sentence about snacking to clarify the research findings (page 4): Over the past decades, the number of snacking occasions per day and energy density of snacks have increased substantially [5]. 4. Method, field study, survey, paragraph 1. Did the researchers check (via a question) whether participants had indeed visited the canteen in the previous weeks? No, it has not been checked whether the participants visited the canteen in the previous weeks. - Discretionary Revisions - Minor issues not for publication 1. consistency in data reporting (P vs P vs p; F = 0.19 vs F < 1). We now consistently use a small p and always report the F-value. 2. consistency across figure 2 and 3 (same order on X-axis in both would be easier to follow) We changed of the conditions displayed in the chart. 3. consistency in headings: in the results section, the headings are Study 1 vs Field study. This should be either Study 1/Study 2 or Lab study / Field study. Study 1 is now consistently called lab study and study 2 field study. Reviewer's report Reviewer: Emely De Vet In this manuscript the authors present two experimental studies testing two different nudges simultaneously. Addressing the food environment in a subtle way, such as with the proposed nudges, is a promising and innovative strategy in promoting healthier food choices. The literature on effective nudges is still scarce, and the present manuscript provides a valuable contribution to it. I specifically appreciate the approach the authors have chosen to start with a 5
7 highly controlled experimental test in a laboratory setting, followed by a replication in a more ecologically valid setting, a worksite cafeteria in a hospital. Although I am very positive about this kind of work, I also noticed some issues in the manuscript that I would like to see addressed. Major compulsory revisions 1. The authors adequately address what previous studies on accessibility and availability have found, but I miss a more in-depth or theoretical analyses of why and how these nudges might work. We thank the reviewer for pointing at this lack of theoretical analysis of how nudges might work. We now elaborate on potential reasons why increased accessibility and availability of health snacks may work (introduction, page 6): The interventions in our study aim to take advantage of biases related to easy accessibility and availability. Altering the ease of access to snacks basically means that it requires less effort to obtain them. People furthermore have the tendency to go for the default option as this typically requires the least effort due to habits or even laziness [22]. Availability can influence consumer choices in various ways. More snacks healthy snacks present for purchase increases the likelihood that consumers find a snack that fits their need. Higher availability of healthy snacks leads to a larger assortment which tend to raise consumer expectations and satisfy consumers with a high need for variety [19, 23]. By enlarging the available assortment of healthy snacks, we made these snacks the implicit default. This may function as a cue that implies a consumption norm. 2. The authors simultaneously address accessibility and availability, but do not define the concepts of accessibility and availability differ, and it may thus not be clear to all readers why these are different concepts. We now explain how accessibility and availability are defined in our study (introduction, page 5 and 6): In this study, accessibility is defined as the convenience or closeness of physically obtaining a product in a shelf space. We define availability as the presence of snacks ready for immediate choice by consumers. Before discussing the studies in this field, we now start by stating that availability and accessibility have been conceptualized in various ways in food studies (introduction, page 4): In food studies, availability and accessibility has been conceptualized in various ways, such as spatial accessibility and means of transportation to stores [12]. 3. It is not clear what the exact hypotheses of the studies are. The authors make a statement about the combined effect of the two nudges, but the justification for this hypothesis seems to be missing. Also it is not clear what the authors expect from the individual nudges. In accordance with reviewer 1, we now added the combined effect of the availability and accessibility manipulation to our hypothesis. To clarify the justification of our hypothesis, we now summarize the theoretical reasons why these nudges may work in the following way (page 7): To summarize, changes in a snack assortment in terms of effort required to actually grab a product and the size of an assortment may make healthier snacks more salient, attractive, normative and convenient. For both studies, it 6
8 was hypothesized that the individual and combined effect of increasing the availability of healthy snacks (while at the same time not banning unhealthy snacks) and positioning them at the top of the shelf display would increase sales of these healthy options. 4. How were the food products selected? Were they pre-tested? It would be relevant to know participants ratings of healthiness and attractiveness of the products in study 1 as well. The selection of products was primarily based on the guidelines of the Netherlands Nutrition Centre. Besides that, we choose a selection of familiar snacks (e.g. snacks that are available in Dutch supermarkets, such as Mars chocolate brands). We did not pre-tested the individual foods on their perceived healthiness and attractiveness. 5. Data analysis of study 1: It is not clear why feelings of hunger were entered as a covariate. Did feelings of hunger correlate with either condition or with the dependent variable? If so, it would be good to report these correlations. If not, then hunger is not strictly needed as a control variable, and the unadjusted model could be reported. Also, I would be interested in the role of other potential covariates such as age and gender. Were these related to condition or food choice? We now checked whether randomization of respondents across conditions was successful in terms of feelings of hunger, gender and age. We now report these analyses in the results section as follows (page 10, results lab study): There were no differences in gender (χ 2 (1, N=158)=0.03, p=.87) or feelings of hunger (all Fs<1.70, all ps>0.19) across the four conditions. However, there was a trend towards an age difference across conditions (interaction between assortment structure and shelf arrangement and F(1,154)=3.71, p=.06) and therefore in the logistic regression analysis we included age as covariate to control for influence. Feelings of hunger were not different across conditions so we agree with the reviewer that this variable is hence not needed as a control variable. 6. Design of study 2: The price of fresh fruits is considerably lower than the price of other food products. This would suggest that the availability manipulation is also an accessibility manipulation, in that sense that increasing the proportion of healthy products in the assortment also increases the number of cheap, and thus more accessible, products. How may price differences have influenced the results? In the conclusions section (page 17), we now refer to the lower price of the fruits as a limitation of the study. It reads as follows: In the field study, fruit had a lower price which may have given these products an additional benefit. Minor essential revisions 1. Study 1, procedure and materials: pictures or screen shots would help to understand the on-screen choice environment. We now added a figure with a screenshot of one of the virtual shelves (new figure 1). 7
9 2. Please report the odds ratios and confidence intervals of the ORs in study 1 We now report the odd ratio of the significant main effect of assortment structure including its confidence interval (page 10). Discretionary revisions 1. Data- analysis study 2: I think the interaction term was also added in the repeated measures analyses, but is not reported here. We now report all interaction terms (page 15). 2. I found it quite hard to follow that the paper first describes the methods of both studies, followed by the results of both studies. I would find it more readable if the methods and results of study 1 are described first, followed by the methods and results of study 2. We changed the sequence of studies in the way the reviewer suggests. Editors remarks Also, please make the following formatting changes during revision of your manuscript. Ensuring that the manuscript meets the journal?s manuscript structure will help to speed the production process if your manuscript is accepted for publication. 1. Please change the title 'Introduction' to 'Background'. We made this change. 2. Figure titles: All figures must have a figure title listed after the references in the manuscript file. The figure file should not include the title or number (e.g. Figure 1... etc.). The figures are numbered automatically in the order in which they are uploaded. For more information, see the instructions for authors: We made this change. 3. Figure cropping: It is important for the final layout of the manuscript that the figures are cropped as closely as possible to minimise white space around the image. For more information, see the instructions for authors: 8
Title: Prevalence of sexual, physical and emotional abuse in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Author's response to reviews Title: Prevalence of sexual, physical and emotional abuse in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study Authors: Marie F Sorbo (marie.flem.sorbo@ntnu.no) Hilde Grimstad (hilde.grimstad@ntnu.no)
More informationAPPENDIX 1. Examples of interventions that alter environmental stimuli to change health-related
APPENDIX 1 Examples of interventions that alter environmental stimuli to change health-related behaviours We outline two broad types of intervention, in line with a classification described in a recent
More informationVARIED THRUSH MANUSCRIPT REVIEW HISTORY REVIEWS (ROUND 2) Editor Decision Letter
1 VARIED THRUSH MANUSCRIPT REVIEW HISTORY REVIEWS (ROUND 2) Editor Decision Letter Thank you for submitting your revision to the Journal of Consumer Research. The manuscript and the revision notes were
More informationJonathan Williman University of Otago, Christchurch New Zealand 06-Nov-2013
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (see an example) and are provided with free text boxes to
More informationVERDIN MANUSCRIPT REVIEW HISTORY REVISION NOTES FROM AUTHORS (ROUND 2)
1 VERDIN MANUSCRIPT REVIEW HISTORY REVISION NOTES FROM AUTHORS (ROUND 2) Thank you for providing us with the opportunity to revise our paper. We have revised the manuscript according to the editors and
More informationTitle:Modern contraceptive use among sexually active men in Uganda: Does discussion with a health worker matter?
Author's response to reviews Title:Modern contraceptive use among sexually active men in Uganda: Does discussion with a health worker matter? Authors: Allen Kabagenyi Ms. (allenka79@yahoo.com) Patricia
More informationAuthor's response to reviews
Author's response to reviews Title:Mental health problems in the 10th grade and non-completion of upper secondary school: the mediating role of grades in a population-based longitudinal study Authors:
More informationTitle: Determinants of intention to get tested for STI/HIV among the Surinamese and Antilleans in the Netherlands: results of an online survey
Author's response to reviews Title: Determinants of intention to get tested for STI/HIV among the Surinamese and Antilleans in the Netherlands: results of an online survey Authors: Alvin H Westmaas (alvin.westmaas@maastrichtuniversity.nl)
More informationTitle: Home Exposure to Arabian Incense (Bakhour) and Asthma Symptoms in Children: A Community Survey in Two Regions in Oman
Author's response to reviews Title: Home Exposure to Arabian Incense (Bakhour) and Asthma Symptoms in Children: A Community Survey in Two Regions in Oman Authors: Omar A Al-Rawas (orawas@squ.edu.om) Abdullah
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationTitle:Continuity of GP care is associated with lower use of complementary and alternative medical providers A population-based cross-sectional survey
Author's response to reviews Title:Continuity of GP care is associated with lower use of complementary and alternative medical providers A population-based cross-sectional survey Authors: Anne Helen Hansen
More informationTitle:Environmental footprints of Mediterranean versus Western Dietary Patterns: Beyond the health benefits of the Mediterranean Diet
Author's response to reviews Title:Environmental footprints of Mediterranean versus Western Dietary Patterns: Beyond the health benefits of the Mediterranean Diet Authors: Sara Sáez Almendros (sara.saez.almendros@gmail.com)
More informationStudy Guide for Why We Overeat and How to Stop Copyright 2017, Elizabeth Babcock, LCSW
Study Guide for Why We Overeat and How to Stop Copyright 2017, Elizabeth Babcock, LCSW This book can be discussed in many different ways. Whatever feels productive and enlightening for you and/or your
More informationThe Role of Familiarity in Front-of-Pack Label Evaluation and Use: A. Comparison between the United Kingdom and The Netherlands
1 2 3 4 5 The Role of Familiarity in Front-of-Pack Label Evaluation and Use: A Comparison between the United Kingdom and The Netherlands 6 7 8 9 10 11 Erica van Herpen a Ellen Seiss b Hans C. M. van Trijp
More informationTitle: Understanding consumer acceptance of intervention strategies for healthy food choices: a qualitative study
Author's response to reviews Title: Understanding consumer acceptance of intervention strategies for healthy food choices: a qualitative study Authors: Colin Bos (colin.bos@wur.nl) Ivo A. Van der Lans
More informationConflict of interest in randomised controlled surgical trials: Systematic review, qualitative and quantitative analysis
Reviewer Assessment Open Access P. Probst, K. Grummich, U. Klaiber, P. Knebel, A.Ulrich, M. W. Büchler, and M. K. Diener* Conflict of interest in randomised controlled surgical trials: Systematic review,
More informationThank you very much for your guidance on this revision. We look forward to hearing from you.
1 PAINTED BUNTING MANUSCRIPT REVIEW HISTORY REVISION NOTES FROM AUTHORS (ROUND 2) We would like to submit a revision of our manuscript. As you requested, we have run new studies that employ additional
More informationA STUDY ON PATRON PROCURING ATTITUDE TOWARDS RTE (READY TO EAT) FOODS WITH REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY
A STUDY ON PATRON PROCURING ATTITUDE TOWARDS RTE (READY TO EAT) FOODS WITH REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY *KOWSALYA. S ** K. SATHYAPRIYA * Asst. Professor, Department of Commerce (CA), Sri Krishna Arts &
More informationAuthor's response to reviews
Author's response to reviews Title: Gender and age differences among current smokers in a general population survey Authors: Ulrich John (ujohn@uni-greifswald.de) Monika Hanke (hanke@uni-greifswald.de)
More informationWhy do Psychologists Perform Research?
PSY 102 1 PSY 102 Understanding and Thinking Critically About Psychological Research Thinking critically about research means knowing the right questions to ask to assess the validity or accuracy of a
More informationASD and LRFD of Reinforced SRW with the use of software Program MSEW(3.0)
ASD and LRFD of Reinforced SRW with the use of software Program MSEW(3.0) Dov Leshchinsky [A slightly modified version of this manuscript appeared in Geosynthetics (formerly GFR), August 2006, Vol. 24,
More informationTitle: Correlates of quality of life of pre-obese and obese patients: a pharmacy-based cross-sectional survey
Author's response to reviews Title: Correlates of quality of life of pre-obese and obese patients: a pharmacy-based cross-sectional survey Authors: Laurent Laforest (laurent.laforest@chu-lyon.fr) Eric
More informationPublishing Your Study: Tips for Young Investigators. Learning Objectives 7/9/2013. Eric B. Bass, MD, MPH
Publishing Your Study: Tips for Young Investigators Eric B. Bass, MD, MPH Learning Objectives To apply a logical approach to organizing & presenting your work in a manuscript To recognize the importance
More informationTitle: Validation of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire with parents of 10-to-12-year-olds
Author's response to reviews Title: Validation of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire with parents of 10-to-12-year-olds Authors: Elisabeth L Melbye (elisabeth.l.melbye@uis.no) Torvald Øgaard
More informationAuthor's response to reviews
Author's response to reviews Title: Gender, ethnicity, health behaviour & self-rated health in Singapore Authors: Wei-Yen Lim (Lim_Wei_Yen@moh.gov.sg) Stefan Ma (Stefan_Ma@moh.gov.sg) Derrick Heng (Derrick_Heng@moh.gov.sg)
More informationA STUDY ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE TOWARDS JUNK FOODS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COLLEGE STUDENTS
International Journal of Innovative Research in Management Studies (IJIRMS) Volume 1, Issue 11, December 2016. pp.78-82. A STUDY ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE TOWARDS JUNK FOODS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COLLEGE
More informationAuthor's response to reviews
Author's response to reviews Title: Prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders, and use of mental health services in the epidemiological catchment area of Montreal South-West Authors: Jean
More informationAuthor's response to reviews
Author's response to reviews Title: Design and implementation of GRIP: a computerized glucose control system at a surgical ICU Authors: Mathijs Vogelzang (m.vogelzang@thorax.umcg.nl) Felix Zijlstra (f.zijlstra@thorax.umcg.nl)
More informationWhat You Will Learn to Do. Linked Core Abilities Build your capacity for life-long learning Treat self and others with respect
Courtesy of Army JROTC U3C1L1 Self-Awareness Key Words: Assessment Associate Cluster Differentiate Introspection What You Will Learn to Do Determine your behavioral preferences Linked Core Abilities Build
More informationID BMJ R4
Neeltje M Batelaan, MD PhD Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center AJ Ernststraat 1187 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands Telephone +31-207885795 Email n.batelaan@ggzingeest.nl Re: Manuscript
More informationPeople who were served soup from bottomless, refillable soup bowls ate 73% more soup than those eating from conventional bowls 4
BUMP THE JUNK From lighting, temperature and sound, to price, placement and portion size, there are a complex mix of factors influencing what, when, how and why we choose the food and drink that we do.
More informationChapter 3-Attitude Change - Objectives. Chapter 3 Outline -Attitude Change
Chapter 3-Attitude Change - Objectives 1) An understanding of how both internal mental processes and external influences lead to attitude change 2) An understanding of when and how behavior which is inconsistent
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationTitle: Reliability and validity of the adolescent stress questionnaire in a sample of European adolescents - the HELENA study
Author's response to reviews Title: Reliability and validity of the adolescent stress questionnaire in a sample of European adolescents - the HELENA study Authors: Tineke De Vriendt (tineke.devriendt@ugent.be)
More informationSmarter Lunchrooms Movement
Introduction to Behavioral Economics in Food Choices Funded by USDA/FNS/ERS Smarter Lunchrooms Movement BEN Center 2015 It s Not Nutrition Until It s Eaten Adam Brumberg, Deputy Director Cornell Food &
More information11/17/2017. Cafeteria Reinvention Small Changes that Make a Big Difference. It s Not Nutrition Until It s Eaten
Cafeteria Reinvention Small Changes that Make a Big Difference It s Not Nutrition Until It s Eaten Jason Kirchhofer, FSD Brown County Schools Nashville, IN Brown County is 316 sq. miles School district
More informationTitle:Validity and Reliability of Arm Abduction Angle Measured on Smartphone: a cross-sectional study
Author's response to reviews Authors: Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas (acuesta.var@gmail.com) Cristina Roldan-Jimenez (CRISTINA.ROLDAN005@gmail.com) Version:3Date:27 January 2016 Author's response to reviews:
More informationAuthor's response to reviews
Author's response to reviews Title: Physiotherapy interventions in scientific physiotherapy publications focusing on interventions for children with cerebral palsy: A qualitative phenomenographic approach.
More informationTitle: Identifying work ability promoting factors for home care aides and assistant nurses
Author's response to reviews Title: Identifying work ability promoting factors for home care aides and assistant nurses Authors: Agneta Larsson (agneta.larsson@ltu.se) Lena Karlqvist (lena.karlqvist@ltu.se)
More informationTitle: A Central Storage Facility to Reduce Pesticide Suicides- A Feasibility Study from India
Author's response to reviews Title: A Central Storage Facility to Reduce Pesticide Suicides- A Feasibility Study from India Authors: Lakshmi Vijayakumar (lakshmi@vijayakumars.com) Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan
More informationPractices for Demonstrating Empathy in the Workplace
Practices for Demonstrating Empathy in the Workplace These practices have been developed to help leaders at all levels to develop and demonstrate empathy. These practices, when employed in combination,
More informationIn this chapter we discuss validity issues for quantitative research and for qualitative research.
Chapter 8 Validity of Research Results (Reminder: Don t forget to utilize the concept maps and study questions as you study this and the other chapters.) In this chapter we discuss validity issues for
More informationEditorial Note: this manuscript has been previously reviewed at another journal that is not operating a transparent peer review scheme.
Editorial Note: this manuscript has been previously reviewed at another journal that is not operating a transparent peer review scheme. This document only contains reviewer comments and rebuttal letters
More informationHealthy dietary habits - how to promote positive changes?
Healthy dietary habits - how to promote positive changes? Ulla Toft Post doc researcher Research Center for Prevention and Health World Health Organization 10-15% of all years of lifes lost in Europe are
More informationChanging Patterns. healthyfutures.nhs.uk/llb
Changing Patterns healthyfutures.nhs.uk/llb How do our eating habits develop? When we eat food that tastes good and gives us pleasure, endorphins (we like to think of them as happy chemicals) fill our
More informationPatients To Learn From: On the Need for Systematic Integration of Research and Care in Academic Health Care
Patients To Learn From: On the Need for Systematic Integration of Research and Care in Academic Health Care Martin Boeckhout, Philip Scheltens, Peggy Manders, Cees Smit, Annelien L Bredenoord, Gerhard
More informationFood Summary. March 2017
Food Summary March 2017 1 Contents 01 Intro 04 For the Love of Food 02 Changing Food Habits 05 Conclusion 03 Social Eating: Pizza 2 Intro This summary report on food addresses the evolving eating habits,
More informationTHE EASY WAY TO STOP WORRYING BY ALLEN CARR DOWNLOAD EBOOK : THE EASY WAY TO STOP WORRYING BY ALLEN CARR PDF
Read Online and Download Ebook THE EASY WAY TO STOP WORRYING BY ALLEN CARR DOWNLOAD EBOOK : THE EASY WAY TO STOP WORRYING BY ALLEN CARR PDF Click link bellow and free register to download ebook: THE EASY
More informationFood & Nutrition Environment Assessment
SESSION 2 FOOD & NUTRITION Food & Nutrition Environment Assessment This fun activity will give you and your preteen a chance to take a closer look at your home food and nutrition surroundings by looking
More informationWhat Constitutes a Good Contribution to the Literature (Body of Knowledge)?
What Constitutes a Good Contribution to the Literature (Body of Knowledge)? Read things that make good contributions to the body of knowledge. The purpose of scientific research is to add to the body of
More informationTitle:Video-confidence: a qualitative exploration of videoconferencing for psychiatric emergencies
Author's response to reviews Title:Video-confidence: a qualitative exploration of videoconferencing for psychiatric emergencies Authors: Marianne V Trondsen (marianne.trondsen@telemed.no) Stein Roald Bolle
More informationIS IT A BAG OR A BOTTLE; THE APPRECIATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TRANSLATION IN STUDENT S DESIGN WORK
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN EDUCATION 6 & 7 SEPTEMBER 2012, ARTESIS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, ANTWERP, BELGIUM IS IT A BAG OR A BOTTLE; THE APPRECIATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
More informationAn experimental investigation of consistency of explanation and graph representation
An experimental investigation of consistency of explanation and graph representation Nana Kanzaki (kanzaki@cog.human.nagoya-u.ac.jp) Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Japan Kazuhisa
More informationThe Top 10 Things You Should Know Before Choosing Your
A d v a n c e d H e a r i n g C e n t e r The Top 10 Things You Should Know Before Choosing Your 516.484.0811 www.ny.com Welcome Letter from the Advanced Hearing Center Team Dear Friend, If you re reading
More informationCHAPTER LEARNING OUTCOMES
EXPERIIMENTAL METHODOLOGY CHAPTER LEARNING OUTCOMES When you have completed reading this article you will be able to: Define what is an experiment Explain the role of theory in educational research Justify
More informationCheat Sheet: Emotional Eating
Cheat Sheet: Emotional Eating 3 Simple Secrets to Stop Emotional Eating Now Unfortunately, very few people including doctors really understand the emotional and spiritual aspects of losing weight. It's
More informationTitle:Listening to the experts: is there a place for food taxation in the fight against obesity in early childhood?
Author's response to reviews Title:Listening to the experts: is there a place for food taxation in the fight against obesity in early childhood? Authors: Erin Pitt (e.pitt@griffith.edu.au) Elizabeth Kendall
More informationAMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE GREEN BOOKS, A TEACHER'S RESOURCE TEXT ON GRAMMAR AND CULTURE (GREEN BOOK SERIES) BY CHARLOTTE BAKER-SHENK
Read Online and Download Ebook AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE GREEN BOOKS, A TEACHER'S RESOURCE TEXT ON GRAMMAR AND CULTURE (GREEN BOOK SERIES) BY CHARLOTTE BAKER-SHENK DOWNLOAD EBOOK : AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE
More informationAttitudes towards products with health claims. focus groups, Serbia
Attitudes towards products with health claims focus groups, Serbia Respondents. Who was targeted and why? ELDERLY (people over fifty) Because it was expected them to have more health related problems,
More informationAuthor's response to reviews
Author's response to reviews Title: Gender differences in Greek centenarians. A cross-sectional nation-wide study, examining multiple socio-demographic and personality factors and health locus of control.
More informationTitle: Living alone and antidepressant medication use: a prospective study in a working-age population
Author's response to reviews Title: Living alone and antidepressant medication use: a prospective study in a working-age population Authors: Laura Pulkki-Råback (laura.pulkki-raback@helsinki.fi) Mika Kivimäki
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Ball State University
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (see an example) and are provided with free text boxes to
More informationTitle:Emergency ambulance service involvement with residential care homes in the support of older people with dementia: an observational study
Author's response to reviews Title:Emergency ambulance service involvement with residential care homes in the support of older people with dementia: an observational study Authors: Sarah Amador (s.amador@herts.ac.uk)
More informationTitle: Defensive coping and health-related quality of life in Chronic Kidney Disease: a cross-sectional study
Author's response to reviews Title: Defensive coping and health-related quality of life in Chronic Kidney Disease: a cross-sectional study Authors: Anna Kaltsouda (akalts@cc.uoi.gr) Petros Skapinakis (p.skapinakis@gmail.com)
More informationTitle:Spousal diabetes as a diabetes risk factor: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Author's response to reviews Title:Spousal diabetes as a diabetes risk factor: A systematic review and meta-analysis Authors: Aaron Leong (aaron.leong@mail.mcgill.ca) Elham Rahme (elham.rahme@mcgill.ca)
More informationPeer review on manuscript "Multiple cues favor... female preference in..." by Peer 407
Peer review on manuscript "Multiple cues favor... female preference in..." by Peer 407 ADDED INFO ABOUT FEATURED PEER REVIEW This peer review is written by an anonymous Peer PEQ = 4.6 / 5 Peer reviewed
More informationInferential Statistics
Inferential Statistics and t - tests ScWk 242 Session 9 Slides Inferential Statistics Ø Inferential statistics are used to test hypotheses about the relationship between the independent and the dependent
More informationTitle:Mixed-strain Housing for Female C57BL/6, DBA/2, and BALB/c Mice: Validating a Split-plot Design that promotes Refinement and Reduction
Author's response to reviews Title:Mixed-strain Housing for Female C57BL/6, DBA/2, and BALB/c Mice: Validating a Split-plot Design that promotes Refinement and Reduction Authors: Michael Walker Mr (mwalk04@uoguelph.ca)
More informationMeasuring association in contingency tables
Measuring association in contingency tables Patrick Breheny April 8 Patrick Breheny Introduction to Biostatistics (171:161) 1/25 Hypothesis tests and confidence intervals Fisher s exact test and the χ
More informationORIENTATION SAN FRANCISCO STOP SMOKING PROGRAM
ORIENTATION SAN FRANCISCO STOP SMOKING PROGRAM PURPOSE To introduce the program, tell the participants what to expect, and set an overall positive tone for the series. AGENDA Item Time 0.1 Acknowledgement
More information5 Quick Tips for Improving Your Emotional Intelligence. and Increasing Your Success in All Areas of Your Life
5 Quick Tips for Improving Your Emotional Intelligence and Increasing Your Success in All Areas of Your Life Table of Contents Self-Awareness... 3 Active Listening... 4 Self-Regulation... 5 Empathy...
More informationTitle:Postpartum contraceptive use in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study
Author's response to reviews Title:Postpartum contraceptive use in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study Authors: Yeshewas Abera (yeshiab57@gmail.com) Zelalem Birhanu
More informationAPPENDIX: question text and additional data tables
Attitudes to obesity APPENDIX: question text and additional data tables Questionnaire CAPI interview Q343 [MaleObes] CARD WITH MALE BODY IMAGES I'm going to show you a card that uses computer images of
More informationTitle: Do general practitioners and psychiatrists agree about defining cure from depression? The DESCRIBE survey
Author's response to reviews Title: Do general practitioners and psychiatrists agree about defining cure from depression? The DESCRIBE survey Authors: koen demyttenaere (koen.demyttenaere@med.kuleuven.be)
More informationThe Role of Modeling and Feedback in. Task Performance and the Development of Self-Efficacy. Skidmore College
Self-Efficacy 1 Running Head: THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-EFFICACY The Role of Modeling and Feedback in Task Performance and the Development of Self-Efficacy Skidmore College Self-Efficacy 2 Abstract Participants
More informationMethodology for Non-Randomized Clinical Trials: Propensity Score Analysis Dan Conroy, Ph.D., inventiv Health, Burlington, MA
PharmaSUG 2014 - Paper SP08 Methodology for Non-Randomized Clinical Trials: Propensity Score Analysis Dan Conroy, Ph.D., inventiv Health, Burlington, MA ABSTRACT Randomized clinical trials serve as the
More informationEXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Evaluation of implementation of the School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme in the Czech Republic
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Evaluation of implementation of the School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme in the Czech Republic Introduction This report provides an assessment of implementation of the School Fruit and
More informationAssignment 4: True or Quasi-Experiment
Assignment 4: True or Quasi-Experiment Objectives: After completing this assignment, you will be able to Evaluate when you must use an experiment to answer a research question Develop statistical hypotheses
More informationTitle: Socioeconomic conditions and number of pain sites in women
Author's response to reviews Title: Socioeconomic conditions and number of pain sites in women Authors: Finn E Skjeldestad (fisk@fhi.no) Toril Rannestad (Toril.Rannestad@hist.no) Version: 2 Date: 17 January
More informationUNIT. Experiments and the Common Cold. Biology. Unit Description. Unit Requirements
UNIT Biology Experiments and the Common Cold Unit Description Content: This course is designed to familiarize the student with concepts in biology and biological research. Skills: Main Ideas and Supporting
More informationHARRISON ASSESSMENTS DEBRIEF GUIDE 1. OVERVIEW OF HARRISON ASSESSMENT
HARRISON ASSESSMENTS HARRISON ASSESSMENTS DEBRIEF GUIDE 1. OVERVIEW OF HARRISON ASSESSMENT Have you put aside an hour and do you have a hard copy of your report? Get a quick take on their initial reactions
More informationAuthor's response to reviews
Author's response to reviews Title: The effect of two lottery-style incentives on response rates to postal questionnaires in a prospective cohort study in preschool children at high risk of asthma: a randomized
More informationLAB 1 The Scientific Method
From the LAMC Bio 3 Lab Manual 6 th edition, by Mike Reynolds & Stephen Brown Modified by Diane Livio LAB 1 The Scientific Method Objectives 1. Apply the basic principles of the scientific method. 2. Generate
More informationTitle: Small cell carcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus: a case report and review of the literature
Author's response to reviews Title: Small cell carcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus: a case report and review of the literature Authors: Haridimos Markogiannakis (markogiannakis@easy.com) Dimitrios
More informationFoundations for Success. Unit 3
Foundations for Success Unit 3 Know Yourself Socrates Lesson 1 Self-Awareness Key Terms assessment associate cluster differentiate introspection What You Will Learn to Do Determine your behavioral preferences
More informationIncorporating Experimental Research Designs in Business Communication Research
Incorporating Experimental Research Designs in Business Communication Research Chris Lam, Matt Bauer Illinois Institute of Technology The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Frank Parker for his help
More informationPDRF About Propensity Weighting emma in Australia Adam Hodgson & Andrey Ponomarev Ipsos Connect Australia
1. Introduction It is not news for the research industry that over time, we have to face lower response rates from consumer surveys (Cook, 2000, Holbrook, 2008). It is not infrequent these days, especially
More informationANATOMY OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE
ANATOMY OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE by Joseph E. Muscolino D.C. Introduction As massage therapy enters its place among the professions of complimentary alternative medicine (CAM), the need for research becomes
More informationAttention to health cues on product packages
Attention to health cues on product packages 1 J Orquin & J Scholderer Institute for Marketing and Statistics, Aarhus School of Business, Aarhus University 1 jalo@asb.dk ABSTRACT The objectives of the
More informationEvaluating you relationships
Evaluating you relationships What relationships are important to you? What are you doing today to care for them? Have you told those concerned how you feel? Most of us regularly inspect the health of our
More informationPsych 1Chapter 2 Overview
Psych 1Chapter 2 Overview After studying this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: 1) What are five characteristics of an ideal scientist? 2) What are the defining elements of
More information"Preparedness and Personal Awareness" - Albert Timen
For The Everyday Civilian The reality of Terrorism and Terror threats around us is not new, neither a surprising actuality, yet still the wave of events ranging from "Lone wolf" Active Shooter to a combined
More informationTitle: A robustness study of parametric and non-parametric tests in Model-Based Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction for epistasis detection
Author's response to reviews Title: A robustness study of parametric and non-parametric tests in Model-Based Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction for epistasis detection Authors: Jestinah M Mahachie John
More informationAP Psychology -- Chapter 02 Review Research Methods in Psychology
AP Psychology -- Chapter 02 Review Research Methods in Psychology 1. In the opening vignette, to what was Alicia's condition linked? The death of her parents and only brother 2. What did Pennebaker s study
More informationThis self-archived version is provided for scholarly purposes only. The correct reference for this article is as follows:
SOCIAL AFFILIATION CUES PRIME HELP-SEEKING INTENTIONS 1 This self-archived version is provided for scholarly purposes only. The correct reference for this article is as follows: Rubin, M. (2011). Social
More informationExternal cues & appetite control
External cues & appetite control Dr. Ellen van Kleef, Wageningen University ILSI Europe 2018 Annual Symposium - Food for the Future, March 27 Today 1. Many people struggle with body weight 2. External
More informationFOOD BANK FOR NEW YORK CITY ADDRESSING HUNGER AND ITS SOURCE
#ChangeOneThing FOOD BANK FOR NEW YORK CITY ADDRESSING HUNGER AND ITS SOURCE Food Bank For New York City is the largest food bank in the nation. Over our 30 year history, we have focused on a broad range
More informationAmare Nigatu
Author s response to reviews Title: Self-reported acute pesticide intoxication in Ethiopia. Authors: Amare Nigatu (Amare.Nigatu@uib.no;Amare.Nigatu@igs.uib.no) Magne Bråtveit (Magne.Bratveit@uib.no) Bente
More informationThank you for considering our manuscript. We appreciate the reviewers comments and have incorporated much of their feedback into the manuscript.
Thank you for considering our manuscript. We appreciate the reviewers comments and have incorporated much of their feedback into the manuscript. Reviewer: 1 Recommendation: Comments: Thanks for the opportunity
More informationTitle:The role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in prostate, pancreatic and stomach cancers.
Author's response to reviews Title:The role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in prostate, pancreatic and stomach cancers. Authors: Helen Cavanagh (helen21987@hotmail.com) Katherine MA Rogers (k.rogers@qub.ac.uk)
More information