Selecting the Right Data Analysis Technique

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1

2 Selecting the Right Data Analysis Technique

3 Levels of Measurement Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Discrete Continuous

4 Continuous Variable Borgatta and Bohrnstedt state that "the most of central constructs in the social sciences are conceptualized as continuous, and their distributions are such that the application of parametric statistics to their analyses will not result in seriously biased estimates. and if the variables are continuous, they must also by definition, be interval". Borgatta, E.F.,& Bohrnstedt, G, W. (1981).Level of measurement: Once over again. In G. W. Bohrnstedt & E.F. Borgatta(Eds), Social measurement : Current issues (pp ). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

5 Key terms Concepts Construct Variable Definition Dictionary Operational

6 Variables Independent Dependent Moderating Mediating Control

7 Types of Analysis Parametric Assumption Normal Distribution Non-parametric Distribution free

8 Number of Variables Involved Univariate Bivariate Multivariate

9 Handling Blank Responses How do we take care of missing responses? If > 25% missing, throw out the questionnaire Other ways of handling Use the midpoint of the scale Ignore (system missing) Mean of those responding Mean of the respondent Random number

10 How to Select a Test Two-Sample Tests k-sample Tests Measurement Scale One-Sample Case Related Samples Independent Samples Related Samples Independent Samples Nominal Binomial McNemar Fisher exact test Cochran Q x 2 for k samples x 2 one-sample test x 2 two-samples test Ordinal Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test Sign test Median test Friedman twoway ANOVA Median extension Runs test Wilcoxon matched-pairs test Mann-Whitney U Kolmogorov- Smirnov Wald-Wolfowitz Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA Interval and Ratio t-test t-test for paired samples t-test Repeatedmeasures ANOVA One-way ANOVA Z test Z test n-way ANOVA

11 Data Transformation Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree Section 1 - Computer Anxiety Computers make me feel uncomfortable I get a sinking feeling when I think of trying to use a computer Computers scare me I feel comfortable using a computer Working with a computer makes me nervous

12 Research Model 5 items Attitude 5 items 3 items 4 items Subjective norm 4 items Perceived Behavioral Control Intention to Share Information Actual Sharing of Information

13 Test of Independence χ 2 Gender Decision to Buy Nominal Nominal

14 Test of Differences Mann Whitney Gender Overall Satisfaction Nominal Ordinal 2 level

15 Test of Differences t-test Gender Satisfaction Nominal Interval/Ratio 2 level

16 Test of Differences Kruskal Wallis Education Level Overall Satisfaction Nominal Ordinal > 2 level

17 Test of Differences One Way ANOVA Education Level Satisfaction Nominal Interval/Ratio > 2 level

18 Test of relationship Correlation (Spearman Rank) Overall Satisfaction Overall Commitment Ordinal Ordinal

19 Test of relationship Correlation (Pearson Zero Order) Satisfaction Commitment Interval/Ratio Interval/Ratio

20 Experimental Design Wilcoxon Matched Pair Sales Before Sales After Ordinal Ordinal

21 Experimental Design Paired t-test Sales Before Sales After Interval/Ratio Interval/Ratio

22 Experimental Design Friedman 2 Way ANOVA Sales t1 Sales t2 Sales t3 Ordinal Ordinal Ordinal

23 Experimental Design Repeated Measure ANOVA Sales t1 Sales t2 Sales t3 Interval/Ratio Interval/Ratio Interval/Ratio

24 Test of Relationship Multivariate Multiple Regression Attitude Continuous Subjective Norm Intention to Share Perceived Behavioral Control

25 Test of Relationship Multivariate Discriminant (Multiple) Attitude 2 level or > 2 level Subjective Norm Intention to Share Level Perceived Behavioral Control

26 Test of Relationship Multivariate Logistic Regression (Multinomial) Attitude 2 level or > 2 level Subjective Norm Intention to Share Level Perceived Behavioral Control

27 Test of Relationship Multivariate Hierarchical Regression Attitude Continuous Subjective Norm Perceived Behavioral Control Experience Intention to Share

28 Test of Relationship Multivariate Mediated Regression Subjective Norm Continuous Attitude Intention to Share Perceived Behavioral Control

29 Experimental Design Two Way ANOVA Continuous Subordinate Gender Performance Supervisor Gender

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