BRAIN PLASTICITY. Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - -
|
|
- Elijah McDowell
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 BRAIN PLASTICITY Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: Recently, it was found that new neurons and glial cells are born in specific brain regions - reorganization. Brain plasticity occurs during: - - -
2 DEVELOPMENT OF NERVOUS SYSTEM: 1. Neural proliferation (neurogenesis - neuronal birth ) 2. Migration and differentiation (neural cell precursors travel home and grow up ) 3. Axon growth and synapse formation (growth cones and filopodia) 4. Neuron death and synaptic pruning: too many neurons and synapses produced - competition for neurotrophic factors (ex., NGF - )
3 Examples of the effects of EXPERIENCE on NEURAL DEVELOPMENT and PLASTICITY Early visual experience - studies of early found deprived eye to ability to activate visual cortex - only occurs if other eye is open, not if it is also deprived - - these are structural effects - - concept of Two eyes open One eye shut
4 Environment and the cortex - studies of rat litters separated at birth into - enriched environments produces: more glial cells; - larger postsynaptic zones; - larger protein content. - some of these effects can be produced in adult animals by giving them extensive maze training
5 LEARNING AND MEMORY Learning: Memory: ability to recall or recognize previous experience in the form of behavioral change. If behavior at a later time B is different than at earlier time A, say that learning has taken place between time A and B TYPES OF LEARNING: NON-ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING: A. Habituation: B. Sensitization:
6 Marine snail Aplysia Californica Tail Head Gill-withdrawal reflex used to study habituation and sensitization (Eric Kandel s laboratory) Habituation - touch siphon repeatedly every 30 sec leads to short-term habituation of gill-withdrawal reflex - can lead to long-term habituation if touch is repeated over days Sensitization - one electric shock to the tail can lead to shortterm sensitization of gill-withdrawal reflex - several electric shocks can lead to sensitization that will be observed for weeks (long-term)
7 ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING: A. Classical conditioning (also called Pavlovian conditioning ): the process by which a neutral stimulus acquires meaning through associations with another stimulus (often a biologically relevant stimulus) Terminology UCS = (food, water, etc.) UCR = (salivation, etc.) Examples: UCS > UCR pinprick withdrawal food salivation sudden loud noise startle airpuff eyeblink CS = (bell, light, etc.) CR = (salivation to bell) so CR is the response
8 Development of Classical Conditioning Example: conditioning of emotional responses - Pavlov s dog) UCS > UCR (food) (salivation) Initially CS > no response (bell - neutral stimulus) Repeated pairings of CS + UCS > UCR (bell) + (food) (salivation) Bell eventually comes to elicit salivation without the presentation of food CS > CR (bell) (salivation) Note that salivation here is called conditioned response (CR) because it is not elicited directly by food; classical conditioning has taken place Also conditioning of motor responses - example of eye blink conditioning
9 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: NEURAL BASIS Classical conditioning of emotional responses (freezing in rats - changes in heart rate/blood pressure or skin conductance in humans) is learned after only a few pairings Electric shocks produce freezing in rats and changes in heart rate/skin conductance in humans Repeatedly pair auditory stimulus (CS) with shocks (UCS). - the auditory CS come to elicit freezing and changes in heart rate/skin conductances - the to produce classical conditioning of emotional responses Classical conditioning of motor responses, such as eyeblink in response to puffs of air is learned only after 100s of pairings of an auditory stimulus with puffs of air - the is necessary to produce classical conditioning of motor responses
10 B. Instrumental Conditioning (also called ): Terminology: Discriminative stimulus (S D ): cue that triggers the motor response (ex. sight of a lever bar). Favorable outcome: positive reinforcers (ex. food, water, etc) or termination of negative reinforcers (termination of pain, isolation, etc).
11 Example of instrumental conditioning: Cats have to learn to press a lever in order to obtain palatable food (Thorndike s experiment) Neural Basis of Instrumental Conditioning: - necessary for instrumental motor response learning - necessary for detection of reinforcer.
12 HUMAN MEMORY The various stages of memory: I. Sensory registers (high capacity, low duration) With Attention - II. Short-term memory (low capacity & duration) With Consolidation - III. Long-term memory(high capacity & duration) Retrieval - recall and recognition Implicit memory (similar to ): Examples: - mirror drawing tasks - playing video games - riding a bicycle - word associates (define fall after different stories) Explicit memory (similar to ): Two types - (time and places) - (facts and knowledge)
13 NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASES OF MEMORY Karl Lashley (1920 s s) and the search for the engram or memory trace: He derived two principles from his studies: - = memories stored diffusely all over neocortex - = neocortex all over the brain plays an equal role in memory storage What was wrong with these interpretations? - task difficulty; - different learning systems/strategy used to solve problems. Donald Hebb (early 1950 s) and of short-term memories into long-term memories via - cell assemblies: - reverberation:
14 LESSONS FROM HUMAN AMNESIAS Amnesia: Retrograde amnesia: forget events brain trauma Anterograde amnesia: forget events brain trauma The beginnings of Explicit Memory mechanisms Case of H.M.: because of severe epilepsy (removal of enthorinal and perirhinal cortex, part of amygdala and most of hippocampus) H.M. experienced: 1. No loss of intelligence (IQ) 2. Mild retrograde amnesia 3. Devastating anterograde amnesia What we learned from H.M.: 1. Supports short- & long-term memory processes 2. Existence of explicit vs. implicit memory 3. Existence of consolidation process 4. Challenges view of diffuse memory process 5. Implicates discrete brain regions in memory
15 Implicit memories: various forms of implicit knowledge. Amygdala: Cerebellum: Basal ganglia:
Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - -
BRAIN PLASTICITY Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - - Recently, it was found that new neurons and glial cells are born in specific brain regions - reorganization. Brain plasticity occurs
More informationSystems Neuroscience November 29, Memory
Systems Neuroscience November 29, 2016 Memory Gabriela Michel http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html Forms of memory Different types of learning & memory rely on different brain structures
More informationPSY 215 Lecture 13 (3/7/11) Learning & Memory Dr. Achtman PSY 215. Lecture 13 Topic: Mechanisms of Learning and Memory Chapter 13, section 13.
PSY 215 Lecture 13 Topic: Mechanisms of Learning and Memory Chapter 13, section 13.2 Corrections: No corrections Announcements: Question # 37 was thrown out on the last test because it was confusing the
More informationThis Lecture: Psychology of Memory and Brain Areas Involved
Lecture 18 (Nov 24 th ): LEARNING & MEMORY #1 Lecture Outline This Lecture: Psychology of Memory and Brain Areas Involved Next lecture: Neural Mechanisms for Memory 1) Psychology of Memory: Short Term
More informationPSY 315 Lecture 13 (3/7/2011) (Learning & Memory Mechanics) Dr. Achtman PSY 215
PSY 215 Lecture 13 Topic: Learning & Memory- Mechanics Chapter 13.2, pages 393-399 Announcements: Question #37 was removed from Exam 2 and all students will receive an additional point. Average grade on
More informationSynap&c Plas&city. long-term plasticity (~30 min to lifetime) Long-term potentiation (LTP) / Long-term depression (LTD)
Synap&c Plas&city synaptic connectivity constantly changes in response to activity and other factors During development: provides the basic wiring of the brain s circuits Throughout rest of life: basis
More informationMemory Disorders. 1. Episodic: memory for time and places. 2. Semantic: memory for facts and knowledge (language, numbers, etc).
I. Types of memory: A. Declarative memory: Memory Disorders 1. Episodic: memory for time and places. 2. Semantic: memory for facts and knowledge (language, numbers, etc). B. Procedural memory: - examples:
More informationSerial model. Amnesia. Amnesia. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras. Lecture 3: HM, the medial temporal lobe, and amnesia
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Serial model Memory terminology based on information processing models e.g., Serial Model Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras Lecture 3: HM, the medial temporal lobe, and amnesia
More informationLearning. Learning. Habituation. Sensitization. Habituation and Sensitization
Learning Learning Adaptive change in behavior that results from past experiences Nonassociative Learning Habituation Sensitization Classical Conditioning Instrumental Learning/Operant Conditioning Ability
More informationIntroduction to Physiological Psychology Review
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Review ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html n Learning and Memory n Human Communication n Emotion 1 What is memory? n Working Memory:
More informationButter Food Eat Sandwich Rye Jam Milk Flour Jelly Dough Crust Slice Wine Loaf Toast
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ /~ksweeney/psy260.html Comments on your comments Thank you! Some things that I can change NOW: Slow
More informationCSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems
CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems Compare Chap 31 of Purves et al., 5e Chap 24 of Bear et al., 3e Larry Wittie Computer Science, StonyBrook University http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~cse511
More informationChapter 5: Learning and Behavior Learning How Learning is Studied Ivan Pavlov Edward Thorndike eliciting stimulus emitted
Chapter 5: Learning and Behavior A. Learning-long lasting changes in the environmental guidance of behavior as a result of experience B. Learning emphasizes the fact that individual environments also play
More information9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Working memory short-term
More informationLearning = an enduring change in behavior, resulting from experience.
Chapter 6: Learning Learning = an enduring change in behavior, resulting from experience. Conditioning = a process in which environmental stimuli and behavioral processes become connected Two types of
More informationIntroduction the basics of psychological learning and memory theory. From Mechanisms of Memory by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
Introduction the basics of psychological learning and memory theory. From Mechanisms of Memory by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Definitions Learning: The acquisition of an altered behavioral response due to an
More informationChapter 3. Outline for this lecture
Chapter 3 Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning Outline for this lecture Elicited Behaviors Reflexes Fixed Action Patterns Opponent Process Theory of Emotion Classical Conditioning Characteristics
More informationBiopsychology 2012 sec 003 (Dr. Campeau)
Biopsychology 2012 sec 003 (Dr. Campeau) Study Guide for third Midterm Exam Sensorimotor system: - What are skeletal muscles? Large organization of several muscle cells (fibers). Muscle cells rich in myosin
More informationCellular Neurobiology BIPN140
Cellular Neurobiology BIPN140 Second midterm is next Tuesday!! Covers lectures 7-12 (Synaptic transmission, NT & receptors, intracellular signaling & synaptic plasticity). Review session is on Monday (Nov
More informationClassical Conditioning. Learning. Classical conditioning terms. Classical Conditioning Procedure. Procedure, cont. Important concepts
Learning Classical Conditioning Pavlov study of digestion dogs salivate before getting food learning as signal detection: emphasis on what happens before a given behavior Classical conditioning terms Stimulus:
More informationLearning. Learning: Problems. Chapter 6: Learning
Chapter 6: Learning 1 Learning 1. In perception we studied that we are responsive to stimuli in the external world. Although some of these stimulus-response associations are innate many are learnt. 2.
More informationSynapse. Structure & Function. Neurotransmitter Sequence. Integration. History: 10/4/12 original version
Synapse History: 10/4/12 original version Structure & Function (This content is covered in Sinjin's presentation, see link in calendar) Neurotransmitters Synaptic cleft Post-synaptic potential Excitation
More informationLearning and Memory. The Case of H.M.
Learning and Memory Learning deals with how experience changes the brain Memory refers to how these changes are stored and later reactivated The Case of H.M. H.M. suffered from severe, intractable epilepsy
More informationLearning theory provides the basis for behavioral interventions. The USMLE behavioral science section always contains questions relating to learning
Learning theory provides the basis for behavioral interventions. The USMLE behavioral science section always contains questions relating to learning theory. Learning theory does not apply to behaviors
More informationmarijuana and the teen brain MARY ET BOYLE, PH. D. DEPARTMENT OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE UCSD
marijuana and the teen brain MARY ET BOYLE, PH. D. DEPARTMENT OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE UCSD in this talk what is marijuana? the brain on marijuana is the teen brain special? current research what is marijuana?
More informationLearning. AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 5
Learning AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 5 Learning Learning is a lasting change in behavior or mental process as the result of an experience. There are two important parts: a lasting change a simple reflexive reaction
More informationLet me begin by telling a little story.
Chapter 19 Learning and Memory Let me begin by telling a little story. When I was a graduate student we had to take an exam that Cornell does in an interesting way. They put you in a swivelchair surrounded
More informationMore dendritic spines, changes in shapes of dendritic spines More NT released by presynaptic membrane
LEARNING AND MEMORY (p.1) You are your learning and memory! (see movie Total Recall) L&M, two sides of the same coin learning refers more to the acquisition of new information & brain circuits (storage)
More informationCASE 49. What type of memory is available for conscious retrieval? Which part of the brain stores semantic (factual) memories?
CASE 49 A 43-year-old woman is brought to her primary care physician by her family because of concerns about her forgetfulness. The patient has a history of Down syndrome but no other medical problems.
More informationMemory. Psychology 3910 Guest Lecture by Steve Smith
Memory Psychology 3910 Guest Lecture by Steve Smith Note: Due to copyright restrictions, I had to remove the images from the Weschler Memory Scales from the slides I posted online. Wechsler Memory Scales
More informationStudy Plan: Session 1
Study Plan: Session 1 6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the Classical The Development of Classical : The Basic Principles of Classical Conditioned Emotional Reponses:
More informationRodent Behavioral Learning and Memory Models. From Mechanisms of Memory, 2 nd Edition by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
Rodent Behavioral Learning and Memory Models From Mechanisms of Memory, 2 nd Edition by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron of Mice and Rats Figure 1 Open Field Apparatus Open Field Behavior
More informationThe organism s problem: Avoid predation and injury so you can reproduce
Learning Chapter 7 Design a Brain The organism s problem: Avoid predation and injury so you can reproduce What characteristics are needed to behave adaptively and reproduce successfully? Consider: nearly
More informationNotes: Synapse. Overview. PSYC Summer Professor Claffey PDF. Conversion from an signal to a signal - electrical signal is the
PSYC 170 - Summer 2013 - Professor Claffey Notes: Synapse PDF Overview Conversion from an signal to a signal - electrical signal is the - chemical signal is the Presynaptic - refers to that sends/receives
More informationChapter 5 Study Guide
Chapter 5 Study Guide Practice Exam Questions: Which of the following is not included in the definition of learning? It is demonstrated immediately Assuming you have eaten sour pickles before, imagine
More informationUnit 6 Learning.
Unit 6 Learning https://www.apstudynotes.org/psychology/outlines/chapter-6-learning/ 1. Overview 1. Learning 1. A long lasting change in behavior resulting from experience 2. Classical Conditioning 1.
More informationChapter 6. Learning: The Behavioral Perspective
Chapter 6 Learning: The Behavioral Perspective 1 Can someone have an asthma attack without any particles in the air to trigger it? Can an addict die of a heroin overdose even if they ve taken the same
More informationMEMORY STORAGE. There are three major kinds of storage:
MEMORY Jill Price was capable of remembering everything that happened last year and several years ago. Memory is the ability to store and retrieve information over time. Memories are the residue of those
More information1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or to the head TA (jcolas).
Bi/CNS/NB 150 Problem Set 5 Due: Tuesday, Nov. 24, at 4:30 pm Instructions: 1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or e-mail to the head TA (jcolas). 2) Submit with this cover page. 3) Use a
More informationAssociative Learning
Learning Learning Associative Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Biological Components of Learning Cognitive Components of Learning Behavioral Therapies Associative
More informationDEFINITION. Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge (INFORMATIN ) and new responses. It is a change in behavior as a result of experience
LEARNING DEFINITION Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge (INFORMATIN ) and new responses. It is a change in behavior as a result of experience WHAT DO WE LEARN? 1. Object :we learn objects with
More informationChapter 23: Wiring the Brain
Chapter 23: Wiring the Brain Introduction Operation of the brain Precise interconnections among 100 billion neurons Brain development Begins as a tube Neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, pathway formation, connections
More informationLONG TERM MEMORY. Learning Objective Topics. Retrieval and the Brain. Retrieval Neuroscience of Memory. LTP Brain areas Consolidation Reconsolidation
LONG TERM MEMORY Retrieval and the rain Learning Objective Topics Retrieval Neuroscience of Memory LTP rain areas onsolidation Reconsolidation 1 Long-term memory How does info become encoded/stored in
More informationObjectives. 1. Operationally define terms relevant to theories of learning. 2. Examine learning theories that are currently important.
Objectives 1. Operationally define terms relevant to theories of learning. 2. Examine learning theories that are currently important. Learning Theories Behaviorism Cognitivism Social Constructivism Behaviorism
More informationSynaptic plasticity. Mark van Rossum. Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation University of Edinburgh
Synaptic plasticity Mark van Rossum Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation University of Edinburgh 1 Human memory systems 2 Psychologists have split up memory in: Declarative memory * Episodic memory
More informationCellular Mechanisms of Learning and the Biological Basis of Individuality
The Study of Memory Has Two Parts: Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and the Biological Basis of Individuality (1) The Systems Problem of Memory: Where in the brain is memory stored? (2) The Molecular Problem
More informationClassical Conditioning
What is classical conditioning? Classical Conditioning Learning & Memory Arlo Clark-Foos Learning to associate previously neutral stimuli with the subsequent events. Howard Eichenbaum s Thanksgiving Pavlov
More informationNeurobiology of Behaviour:
Neurobiology of Behaviour: The mechanisms underlying an animal s response to its environment Department of Physiology awitney@tcd.ie http://www.medicine.tcd.ie/physiology/courses/student_area/ Comparative
More informationacquisition associative learning behaviorism B. F. Skinner biofeedback
acquisition associative learning in classical conditioning the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned
More informationLecture 5: Learning II. Major Phenomenon of Classical Conditioning. Contents
Lecture 5: Learning II Contents Major Phenomenon of Classical Conditioning Applied Examples of Classical Conditioning Other Types of Learning Thorndike and the Law of Effect Skinner and Operant Learning
More informationWhat is Learning? Learning: any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
CHAPTER 5 learning What is Learning? Learning: any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice When people learn anything, some part of their brain is physically changed
More informationName: Per:_ Advanced Placement Psychology Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide
Name: Per:_ Advanced Placement Psychology Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1: Foundations & History 1. Describe the following perspectives of psychology. Behavioral Perspective Evolutionary Perspective
More informationPSYCHOLOGY. Chapter 6 LEARNING PowerPoint Image Slideshow
PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 6 LEARNING PowerPoint Image Slideshow Learning? What s that? A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice. Note that learning is NOT the same as
More informationI. Content Presentation. II. Learning Situation. IV. Reflection. III. Observation
I. Content Presentation II. Learning Situation III. Observation IV. Reflection Defining Learning Definition of Behaviorism Three earlier behaviorists and their contributions Ivan Pavlov B.F. Skinner E.L.
More informationAssociative Learning
LEARNING Relatively permanent change in behavior Acquired from experience or observation Learning Associative Learning Observational Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Associative Learning
More informationFeedback Education and Neuroscience. Pankaj Sah
Feedback Education and Neuroscience Pankaj Sah Science of Learning Learning The process of acquiring a skill or knowledge that leads to a change in behaviour Memory The ability to retain and recover information
More informationStorage: Retaining Information
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Worth Publishers, 2007 1 Storage: Retaining Information Module 26 2 Storage: Retaining Information Storage: Retaining Information Sensory
More information63 Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and the Biological Basis of Individuality
Back 63 Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and the Biological Basis of Individuality Eric R. Kandel THROUGHOUT THIS BOOK we have emphasized that all behavior is a function of the brain and that malfunctions
More informationOutline. History of Learning Theory. Pavlov s Experiment: Step 1. Associative learning 9/26/2012. Nature or Nurture
Outline What is learning? Associative Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning History of Learning Theory Nature or Nurture BEHAVIORISM Tabula Rasa Learning: Systematic,
More informationPerceptual Learning. Motor Learning. Stimulus-Response Learning. Relational Learning
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Review ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html Learning and Memory Human Communication Emotion 1 Working Memory: What is memory? Limited
More informationCHAPTER 7 LEARNING. Jake Miller, Ocean Lakes High School
CHAPTER 7 LEARNING Jake Miller, Ocean Lakes High School Learning: Defined Learning: Relatively permanent change in [observable] behavior due to experience NOT temporary changes due to disease, injury,
More informationmarijuana and the teen brain MARY ET BOYLE, PH. D. DEPARTMENT OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE UCSD
marijuana and the teen brain MARY ET BOYLE, PH. D. DEPARTMENT OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE UCSD in this talk what is marijuana? the brain on marijuana is the teen brain special? current research what is marijuana?
More informationChapter 6: Hippocampal Function In Cognition. From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
Chapter 6: Hippocampal Function In Cognition From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Grid Cell The Hippocampus Serves a Role in Multimodal Information Processing and Memory
More informationBrain Imaging Applied to Memory & Learning
Brain Imaging Applied to Memory & Learning John Gabrieli Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences Institute for Medical Engineering & Sciences McGovern Institute for Brain Sciences MIT Levels of Analysis
More informationMyers PSYCHOLOGY. (7th Ed) Chapter 8. Learning. James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University. Worth Publishers
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association
More informationmarijuana and the teen brain MARY ET BOYLE, PH. D. DEPARTMENT OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE UCSD
marijuana and the teen brain MARY ET BOYLE, PH. D. DEPARTMENT OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE UCSD in this talk what is marijuana? the brain on marijuana is the teen brain special? current research what is marijuana?
More informationBIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY I (2012 sec 003) MIDTERM EXAM 3A (Thursday, Nov. 12, 2009)
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY I (2012 sec 003) MIDTERM EXAM 3A (Thursday, Nov. 12, 2009) Mark the ONE BEST letter choice (either A, B, C, D, or E) on the computer-graded sheet in NUMBER TWO PENCIL. If you need
More informationPSYC 221 Introduction to General Psychology
PSYC 221 Introduction to General Psychology Session 5 Learning Lecturer: Dr. Joana Salifu Yendork, Psychology Department Contact Information: jyendork@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
More informationLearning. Learning. Stimulus Learning. Modification of behavior or understanding Is it nature or nurture?
Learning Chapter 6 Learning Modification of behavior or understanding Is it nature or nurture? Stimulus Learning Habituation: when you pay less attention to something over time response starts out strong
More informationThe Most Important Thing I ve Learned. What is the most important thing you ve learned in your life? How did you learn it?
The Most Important Thing I ve Learned What is the most important thing you ve learned in your life? How did you learn it? Learning Learning = any relatively enduring change in behavior due to experience
More informationLearning. Learning is the relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience.
Chapter 7 Learning Learning Learning is the relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience. Learning The Mexican Gray wolves had problems after being released back into the wild,
More informationBehavioral Neurobiology
Behavioral Neurobiology The Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior THOMAS J. CAREW University of California, Irvine Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts PART I: Introduction
More informationMemory Systems II How Stored: Engram and LTP. Reading: BCP Chapter 25
Memory Systems II How Stored: Engram and LTP Reading: BCP Chapter 25 Memory Systems Learning is the acquisition of new knowledge or skills. Memory is the retention of learned information. Many different
More information3/7/2010. Theoretical Perspectives
Theoretical Perspectives REBT (1955) Albert Ellis Action & Result Oriented Teaches how to identify self-defeating thoughts Replaces thoughts w/ life enhancing ones 1 A B C s of personality formation: A
More informationMODULE 32 MEMORY STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
MODULE 32 MEMORY STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL ARE OUR LONG TERM MEMORIES PROCESSED AND STORED IN SPECIFIC LOCATIONS? Our memories are flexible and superimposable, a panoramic blackboard with an endless supply
More informationIntroduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory II
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory II ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Declarative Memory Procedural Memory
More informationJanuary 8. EQ- What are the major elements of classical conditioning?
January 8 EQ- What are the major elements of classical conditioning? 1. Vocab, Test Q s, Do Now 2. Elements of CC Chart 3. Review Q s for CC 4. Classical Conditioning in Advertising 5. Operant Conditioning
More informationLearning. Association. Association. Unit 6: Learning. Learning. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning. Different Types of Learning
Unit 6: Learning Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience experience (nurture) is the key to learning Different Types of Learning Classical -learn by association
More informationWhich of the following is not an example of a reinforced behavior?
Learning that is not mechanically acquired through reinforcement, void of overt responses, and is gained through paying attention to other's behavior is called learning. 1. observational 2. association
More informationPSY 402. Theories of Learning Chapter 4 Nuts and Bolts of Conditioning (Mechanisms of Classical Conditioning)
PSY 402 Theories of Learning Chapter 4 Nuts and Bolts of Conditioning (Mechanisms of Classical Conditioning) Classical vs. Instrumental The modern view is that these two types of learning involve similar
More informationAssociation. Operant Conditioning. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning. Learning to associate two events. We learn to. associate two stimuli
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association
More informationInvertebrate learning. Learning. Associative learning. Why study learning in Invertebrates? 1/30/2013
Why study learning in Invertebrates? Invertebrate learning Invertebrates use learning to adapt to their environment, despite their limited amount of neurons The basic mechanisms supporting neuronal plasticity
More informationBehavioral Neuroscience: Fear thou not. Rony Paz
Behavioral Neuroscience: Fear thou not Rony Paz Rony.paz@weizmann.ac.il Thoughts What is a reward? Learning is best motivated by threats to survival? Threats are much better reinforcers? Fear is a prime
More informationPSYC 223 BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
PSYC 223 BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Session 5 ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM PART II Lecturer: Dr. Adote Anum, Dept. of Psychology Contact Information: aanum@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
More information264 Chapter 8 Memory. Figure 8.8 Marilu Henner s super autobiographical memory is known as hyperthymesia. (credit: Mark Richardson)
264 Chapter 8 Memory EVERYDAY CONNECTION Can You Remember Everything You Ever Did or Said? Episodic memories are also called autobiographical memories. Let s quickly test your autobiographical memory.
More informationChapter 7. Learning From Experience
Learning From Experience Psychology, Fifth Edition, James S. Nairne What s It For? Learning From Experience Noticing and Ignoring Learning What Events Signal Learning About the Consequences of Our Behavior
More informationLearning. AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4
Learning AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4 Learning Learning is a lasting change in behavior or mental process as the result of an experience. There are two important parts: a lasting change a simple reflexive reaction
More informationChapter 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
The Need for Psychological Science Did we Know it All Along? Hindsight Bias Overconfidence Perceiving Order in Random Events The Scientific Attitude: Curious, Skeptical, and Humble Critical Thinking 1-1
More informationQuestions Addressed Through Study of Behavioral Mechanisms (Proximate Causes)
Jan 28: Neural Mechanisms--intro Questions Addressed Through Study of Behavioral Mechanisms (Proximate Causes) Control of behavior in response to stimuli in environment Diversity of behavior: explain the
More informationsynapse neurotransmitters Extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons, muscles, or glands
neuron synapse The junction between the axon tip of a sending neuron and the dendrite of a receiving neuron Building block of the nervous system; nerve cell Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic
More informationLEARNING AND MOTIVATION
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION Lecture 1 - Learning: Biological Bases of Behaviour Learning: an enduring change within an organism brought about by experience that makes a change in behaviour possible. Enduring:
More informationCognitive Neuroscience Structure and Function
Phylogeny of the cortex Cognitive Neuroscience Structure and Function The neocortex of mammals developed out of the primordial neopallium, which, like that of certain present-day amphibians, consisted
More informationAssociative Learning
Learning Learning Targets 1. Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning (e.g., contingencies). 2. Describe basic classical
More informationI. Classical Conditioning
Learning Chapter 8 Learning A relatively permanent change in an organism that occur because of prior experience Psychologists must study overt behavior or physical changes to study learning Learning I.
More informationExperimental Psychology PSY 433. Chapter 9 Conditioning and Learning
Experimental Psychology PSY 433 Chapter 9 Conditioning and Learning Midterm Results Score Grade N 29-34 A 9 26-28 B 4 23-25 C 5 20-22 D 2 0-19 F 4 Top score = 34/34 Top score for curve = 33 What is Plagiarism?
More informationCerebral Cortex: Association Areas and Memory Tutis Vilis
97 Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas and Memory Tutis Vilis a) Name the 5 main subdivisions of the cerebral cortex. Frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal, and limbic (on the medial side) b) Locate the
More informationTrauma and the Brain A Neuroscience Approach
Trauma and the Brain A Neuroscience Approach Grampians Mental Health Conference 25 March 2015 Dr. Pieter J Rossouw Developing Brain Overview Trauma Key Theories Memory Neurobiological indicators Implications
More informationPsychology 020 Chapter 7: Learning Tues. Nov. 6th, 2007
Psychology 020 Chapter 7: Learning Tues. Nov. 6th, 2007 What is involved in learning? Evolution -The changes in behaviour that accumulate across generations are stored in the genes Combined with natural
More informationLimbic system outline
Limbic system outline 1 Introduction 4 The amygdala and emotion -history - theories of emotion - definition - fear and fear conditioning 2 Review of anatomy 5 The hippocampus - amygdaloid complex - septal
More informationName: Period: Chapter 7: Learning. 5. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Name: Period: Chapter 7: Learning Introduction, How We Learn, & Classical Conditioning (pp. 291-304) 1. Learning: 2. What does it mean that we learn by association? 3. Habituation: 4. Associative Learning:
More information