CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. A. Research Type and Design. (2002: 35) states that Data in qualitative research is not in a form of numbers but

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1 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Type and Design The scope of this research is the analysis of title translation of fiction book and non-fiction book. The researcher applies descriptive qualitative method. Sutopo (2002: 35) states that Data in qualitative research is not in a form of numbers but in the form of words or sentences which have deeper meaning than number or frequency. Further, Creswell (1994:145) explains that Qualitative research is descriptive in that the researcher is interested in process, meaning, and understanding gained through words or figures. From the statements above, it can be concluded that the descriptive qualitative method does not analyze the number or quantity of data but only focuses in analyzing words or sentences such as the book s title. Thus, the result of the analysis will be formed as sentences or word, not as numbers. Further, after gaining the data, the researcher will analyze them and finally draw the conclusion. This research is designed as a single-case research study. It means that the researcher will only focus on a particular aspect or phenomenon. Sutopo (2002: 111) states that the researcher has chosen and determined the variable that becomes the major focus of research before entering the field of study. In line with the definition, single-case study requires the researcher to find the main topic the researcher going to analyze before conducting the research. The topic itself has to be specific and only focuses on one particular phenomenon.

2 In this research, the researcher only focuses on the title translation of fiction book and non-fiction book. B. Data and Source of Data Source of data refers to the object from which the data are selected for the research. Sutopo (2002: 50-54) states that the data source in a qualitative research can be informant, event, place, and document. In conducting this research, the researcher used two types of data sources namely document and informant. The document consists of the titles of books and their translations. The titles then divided into two types based on the book s genre, they are titles of fiction books and titles of non-fiction book. The second data sources of this research are the informants. In this research, the informants consist of raters. The raters have a very important role in accessing the quality of translation in terms of accuracy and acceptability. C. Sampling Technique This research applies sampling technique to determine the source of data. Creswell (2003:185) states that the idea behind the qualitative research is to purposefully select sites, documents, visual materials or participants that will help the researcher to understand the problem and research question. Sutopo (2002:36) states that the researcher has to select the data source (documents and informants) that can give important information about the problems of the research.

3 The sampling technique used for this research is purposive sampling. Here, the data will be selected purposively. The main data of the research are title translation of fiction book and non-fiction book. The second is the supporting data taken from the raters who assessed the quality of translation in terms of accuracy and acceptability. In this research the assessment for the accuracy and acceptability needs two different informants. Below are the raters qualifications that are going to assess the accuracy: 1. Mastering Indonesian Language (TL) and English (SL). 2. Having good competence in translation theory. 3. Willing to involve in this research. Meanwhile, raters qualifications that are going to assess the acceptability are stated below: 1. Mastering Bahasa Indonesia (TL) and English (SL). 2. Having good understanding in the rules of Indonesian Language. 3. Willing to involve in this research. D. Method of Data Collection In collecting the data for the research, the researcher carried out several techniques. 1. Content analysis In carrying the content analysis of title translation of fiction book and non-fiction book, the researcher pursued the following steps:

4 a. Collecting the titles from the fiction books and non-fiction books, both the original titles and the translated ones. b. Reading the summary of the books in order to understand the context of the books and to understand the relation between the title and the whole text. c. Describing the translation techniques used by the translator to translate the title of the book. d. Describing how the techniques influence the translation quality in terms of accuracy and acceptability. e. Drawing the conclusion based on the result of analysis. 2. Questionnaire The second method is questionnaire. According to Sutopo, questionnaire is the list of questions for data collection in research (2002: 70). It is used to collect the secondary data. The researcher distributed the questionnaire to the raters to asses the quality of the translation in terms of accuracy and acceptability. The questionnaire is based on a rating scale adapted from Pengembangan Model Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan (Mangatur Nababan; Nuraeni & Smardiono 2012:50) as follows:

5 Table 3.1: The Scale of Accuracy Table 3.2: The Scale of Acceptability E. Technique of Data Analysis The researcher collected the data based on the techniques proposed by by Spradley (1980) as follows:

6 1. Domain analysis This process requires the researcher to sort the data and the nondata. The process is started by collecting list of the books titles, both from the original English titles and the translated ones. After being collected, the researcher classifies the titles which belong to fiction books and titles which belong to non-fiction books. Finally, the researcher makes a list in a table containing the data of title translation of fiction book and non-fiction book. Example: ST TT Category Fantastic Beasts & Where to Find Hewan-Hewan Fantastis & di Fiction for Young- Adults Them Mana Mereka Bisa Ditemukan UnSelling: The UnSelling: Marketing Book New Customer Pengalaman Baru Experience Konsumen The title in the first example is considered as the title of fiction book because the book is telling about fantasy story. Meanwhile, the second example is considered as the title of non-fiction book because the book is telling about marketing strategies.

7 2. Taxonomic analysis In this step, the researcher also analyzes the type of tile translation techniques and translation techniques used by the translators in translating fiction books titles and non-fiction books. The data will be numbered and will be shown in the form of table. Coding: 001/SBT/BG.F 001 refers to number of the datum SBT refers to the original title of the book (ST). Meanwhile the translation title of the book (TT) coded as TBT. BG.F BG refers to the genre of the book. F refers to the fiction books; meanwhile NF refers to the non-fiction books. Example: ST TT Category Type of Tile Translation Techniques Translation Techniques 079/ SBT/BG.F Five Go Off In A Caravan 079/ SBT/BG.F Berkelana Fiction for children Type 1 Discursive Creation 3. Componential analysis This step requires the researcher to analyze the relationship between translation techniques and the translation quality of the data in terms of accuracy and acceptability. This step also requires the researcher to cultivate the second data in the form of scores and comments which

8 were collected by the raters to determine the translation accuracy and acceptability. Example: No. Data 043/ SBT/BG.NF & 043/ TBT/BG.NF Translation Technique Amplification The quality of translation Accuracy Acceptability 4. Discovering Cultural Theme In discovering cultural theme, the researcher draws the pattern based on the result that is shown in componential analysis. The researcher further describes the result of the research and how the results are linked. In the end, the researcher draws conclusions based on the analysis. F. Research Procedures This research is organized in the following procedures: 1. Determining the topic of this thesis 2. Collecting the data The researcher will collect the data in the form of of fiction book and nonfiction book, both from the original titles and the translated ones. 3. Reading the summary of the original books in order to understand the context of each novel and its title and to understand the relation between the title and the whole text. 4. Listing and giving code to the data

9 5. After collecting the data and understanding the context of the title, the researcher makes a list and gave code to each datum. Giving codes is required in order to make it easier for the raters when giving assessments. For example: 001/SBT/BG.F 001 refers to number of the datum SBT refers to the original title of the book (ST). Meanwhile the translation title of the book (TT) coded as TBT. BG.F BG refers to the genre of the book. F refers to the fiction books; meanwhile NF refers to the non-fiction books. 6. Analyzing the data in terms of translation techniques The researcher analyzes the translation technique used by the translator in translating each title. 7. Distributing the questionnaire After the questionnaires are ready, the researcher contacts the raters. They are chosen based on the certain criteria which are required for the research. After they state their willingness to participate, the researcher then distributes the questionnaires which aim at assessing the accuracy and of the translation. 8. Analyzing and classifying data in terms of the level of accuracy and acceptability After the informants return the questionnaire, the researcher analyzes the data in order to find out the level of accuracy and acceptability of the title translation.

10 9. Drawing conclusion After doing the analysis, the researcher draws the conclusions based on the analysis of the data. Recommendations related to the research are also proposed.

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