Tasha R. Wyatt, PhD 8/30/17 Educational Innovation Institute (EII)

Transcription

1 Tasha R. Wyatt, PhD 8/30/17 Educational Innovation Institute (EII)

2 What does it mean to analyze content? What are the various ways to analyze content? How do you choose among different techniques?

3 Examination of large amounts of text The purpose is to organize text in a meaningful way: Interviews, focus groups, meeting notes, open-response comments, lesson plans, syllabi, websites, evaluations, student projects. Brings understanding to specific phenomena Used to analyze explicit or inferred communication

4

5 Beliefs Background Experience Conversations Intentions Actions Perspective Policies Experience Identity

6 Words reveal what is both in plain sight and hidden.

7 Two Types of Content Analysis Manifest Content Latent Content What is on the surface; easily observable? What is underlying the surface? Example: Appearance of a particular word; genders employed in a department; phone calls taken during meetings Example: Political messages in children s books; values expressed in a patients chart; hidden curriculum in medical school

8 How many times do healthcare workers reference death with opioid patients in a 24 hour period? Going to the Other Side Crossing Over Meeting the Angels Transitioning Moving-On Dying Define your content & create binary rules Passing Away Going to the Great Choir in the Sky

9 Two Types of Content Analysis Manifest Content Latent Content What is on the surface; easily observable? What is underlying the surface? Example: Appearance of a particular word; genders employed in a department; phone calls taken during meetings Example: Political messages in children s books; values expressed in a patients chart; hidden curriculum in medical school

10 Latent Content Pattern Content (Looking for Patterns) Projective Content (Looking for Meaning in the Patterns)

11 --- Manifest Type Content Projective Type Content Pattern Type Content --- Increase in the degree to which coders bring their own schema

12 How do you decide between each of the three types? THINK: Where is my locus of meaning? Found within discrete element of the content? (Manifest) In the content, but inferred by recognizing a pattern across elements? (Pattern latent) Located in the way people construct judgments from the content cues? (Projective latent)

13 Latent Content Pattern Content (Looking for Patterns) Projective Content (Looking for Meaning in the Patterns) No Theory Deductive Analysis Inductive Analysis No Theory Deductive Analysis Inductive Analysis

14 PUTTNG IT TOGETHER Type of Content to be Coded Manifest Latent Pattern Projective Pattern Locus of Meaning Discrete Content Characteristics Pattern of Content Characteristics Receivers Interpretations cued to schema Role of Theory Not Relevant Theory needed for coding scheme Deduction of codes from weak theory Task for Coders Clerical Recording Recognizing Patterns Constructing Interpretations Standard Objective Criterion Criterion set by experts Inter-subjective norm set by coders

15 Develop, extend or validate theory and theoretical frameworks Existing theory or research helps shape codes and relationship between codes Step 1: Code using pre-determined codes. Data that doesn t fit gets a new code Step 2: Identify sub-codes for granulation

16 You define the codes (from theory) and then overlay them on the data.

17 Begin with observations of the content empirical generalizations Use weak theory to develop stronger theory to explain a phenomena Theory does not come into play until after the data are collected and analyzed Some people call this grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967)

18 Theoretical Lens The goal is to contribute to the development of a concept or model

19 You must first understand what you are trying to achieve.

20 Do I want to better understand the frequency of a word/phrase/action? Manifest Content Analysis Do I want to see how a specific theory explains...? Deductive Content Analysis Am I trying to create a theoretical model to better understand? Inductive Content Analysis

21 NVIVO Atlas Ti Dedoose Excel

22 NVIVO Dedoose Atlas Excel You know where to find this!

23 Feel like you need more practical information? Qualitative Workshop II: Analysis in Practice September :30 GB 1238

24 Consider a consultation with the EII: eii@augusta.edu Qualitative Data Analysis Research Design Advice on Manuscript Prep