Kaizen Event Follow-up Mechanisms and Goal Sustainability: Preliminary Results
|
|
- Melissa Merritt
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Proceedings of the 2008 Industrial Engineering Research Conference J. Fowler and S. Mason, eds. Kaizen Event Follow-up Mechanisms and Goal Sustainability: Preliminary Results Wiljeana J. Glover and Eileen M. Van Aken Industrial and Systems Engineering Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA Jennifer A. Farris Industrial Engineering Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA Toni L. Doolen and June M. Worley Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Abstract Despite the anecdotal recognition of factors that may influence Kaizen outcome sustainability, there has been little empirical investigation of sustainability determinants. This research reports on the preliminary sustainability results from one manufacturing organization. The organization is participating in an ongoing field study of Kaizen events containing multiple manufacturing organizations. Researchers collected data on event characteristics, follow-up mechanisms, goal sustainability, and work area context for 14 events from the case study organization. A preliminary set of perceptual follow-up mechanism measures is identified and summarized. The study results also provide preliminary evidence of how the follow-up mechanisms may influence goal sustainability. Keywords Lean manufacturing, continuous improvement, kaizen blitz, rapid change, improvement sustainability 1. Introduction and Background A Kaizen event is a focused and structured improvement project, using a dedicated cross-functional team to improve a targeted work area, with specific goals, in an accelerated timeframe [1]. Recent evidence suggests that Kaizen events are becoming increasingly popular as a method for targeting initial improvement both in business performance and social system outcomes [1, 10-12]. However, the initial success of a Kaizen event does not guarantee the sustainability of event outcomes [2]. In fact, some practitioners note that Kaizen events should not be performed unless they are done with the intent and activities necessary to sustain results [3]. While the process and continuous improvement sustainability literature reaches some conclusions about long-term sustainability of improvement initiatives, most do not address Kaizen events specifically [4-8]. The work of Bateman [9] does specifically address Kaizen event sustainability but does not differentiate between the types of results outcomes. In addition, only a limited set of context factors and follow-up mechanisms were investigated and the relationship between event characteristics and goal sustainability were not investigated. This papers presents results from a subset of data from a multi-site, long-term study of Kaizen event outcomes that investigates the relationship between technical and social system outcomes, work area factors and follow-up mechanisms [1, 10-12]. Thus, this paper presents preliminary results on the follow-up mechanisms that may influence the Kaizen event technical system outcome of goal sustainability. Researchers analyzed data captured from a field study of 14 Kaizen events in a single organization. The case study organization is a manufacturer of secondary wood products, which has consistently conducted Kaizen events since Overall, the Kaizen event program is recognized as a success within the company, and the company has received national recognition for their lean manufacturing program and results. 1154
2 2. Measures of Follow-up Mechanisms and Goal Sustainability As described in [1, 10-12], a Kaizen event is a complex organizational phenomenon that requires a varied set of measures in order to be explained and studied. Researchers collected measures of initial event characteristics and outcomes at the time of the event [1, 11, 12]. For the study of Kaizen event outcome sustainability, additional factors related to the target work area, follow-up mechanisms, and sustainability of results initially achieved must also be included. Through a review of process and continuous improvement sustainability literature [4-9], the authors identified several factors that may relate to and influence Kaizen event outcome sustainability, including the 21 follow-up mechanisms that are a focus of this paper. Data on the characteristics, content, follow-up mechanisms and results sustainability of each event studied were captured through a questionnaire (Post-Event Information Sheet) which was administered approximately one year after the end of the event. The case study organization event facilitator completed the Post-Event Information Sheet, which contained a mixture of closed-ended (rated) and open-ended questions. All follow-up mechanism items were worded to capture the perceived extent to which the mechanism was used, and were rated on a six-point Likert-type scale, with 1 = not at all, 2= to a small extent, 3= to some extent, 4= to a moderate extent, 5= to a large extent, and 6 = to a great extent. The Post-Event Information Sheet also measured the current performance level on each of the Kaizen event s primary technical goals. These data were then compared to initial post-event performance levels (fully realized or estimated) to compute Goal Sustainability % (that is, the average level of sustainability across the event s primary goals one year after the event). The results, presented in Figure 1, suggest that the case study organization is relatively successful in sustaining its initially achieved improvements in results. Specifically, the case study organization s average goal sustainability was 84.9%. In the sole case where 0% of the goal was sustained, the Kaizen event team did not implement any changes during the event itself but made several projections for improvements related to the primary goals that depended upon the implementation of post-event action items. The set of action items was never implemented after the event. Figure 1: Goal Sustainability % Values for the 14 Kaizen Events in the Case Study Organization. 3. Follow-up Mechanism Constructs and Reliability Because the Post-Event Information Sheet measures the extent to which the Kaizen event facilitator and targeted work area used each of the 21 identified follow-up mechanisms, being able to reduce the data to a smaller number of variables is a desired analysis step. Previous researchers did not provide any a priori groupings for these follow-up mechanisms. Thus, the authors proposed four initial constructs for the follow-up mechanism based on face validity (i.e., apparent conceptual similarity between the items identified). The four constructs and their corresponding items are provided in Table 1. Construct Item Description Employee Empowerment EE1 Table 1: Initial Follow-up Mechanism Constructs Involving work area employees (not on the Kaizen event team) in follow-up and completion of action items from the event. 1155
3 Institutionalizing Change Improvement Culture Performance Review EE2 EE3 IChange1 IChange2 IChange3 IChange4 ICulture1 ICulture2 ICulture3 ICulture4 ICulture5 ICulture6 ICulture7 PR1 PR2 PR3 PR4 PR5 PR6 PR7 Providing work area employees with freedom to make changes to work area. Work area management allowing work area employees time to work on continuous improvement activities. Formal documentation of follow-up action items (e.g., through a Kaizen newspaper) from the Kaizen event. Individual team members working on follow-up action items from the Kaizen event. Training work area employees in new work methods and processes from the Kaizen event. Updating work method and process documentation (e.g., standard work charts, formal job descriptions, etc.) for changes made due to the Kaizen event. Rewarding or recognizing Kaizen event team members for their contributions. Rewarding or recognizing work area employees (not only those on the Kaizen event team) for progress on sustaining changes or completing action items from Kaizen event. Avoiding blame or negativity when changes are made, but results are different than expected. Avoiding blame or negativity when team goals are not achieved. Work area management encouraging work area employees to apply continuous improvement knowledge and skills. Work area management supporting the use of Kaizen events in the organization. Work area management championing the value of continuous improvement. Regularly reviewing performance data related to Kaizen event goals. Conducting regular audits on changes made due to the Kaizen event. The Kaizen event team meeting as a whole to review progress and/or develop follow-up strategies for the Kaizen event. Meetings with higher-level management about Kaizen event progress or follow-up. Meetings with Kaizen coordinator or facilitator about Kaizen event progress or follow-up. Meetings with work area management about Kaizen event progress or follow-up. Informing higher-level management of issues with follow-up and sustaining results from the Kaizen event. Next, the authors performed a separate exploratory factor analyses on each construct as described in [13] to analyze the initial item groupings. Due to the very small initial sample size (i.e., 14 events), the factor analysis was used as a preliminary analysis to investigate the validity of the initial groupings and must be revisited as additional data become available from more events in order to confirm results. Although the suggested sample size for stable factor analysis results is roughly 5-10 observations per item, smaller sample sizes can be used with caution for exploratory purposes [16]. For the four factor analyses presented here, the ratio of observations to items ranged from 2:1 to 4.7:1. It is also noted here that the use of data from a single organization means that the constructs defined from this factor analysis may also be specific to the case study organization, further supporting the need for additional factor analysis to verify these initial results. Principal components extraction with an oblique rotation method was used, because theory suggested that measures (i.e., survey constructs) may be correlated [14]. Following convention, in all four of the factor analyses, items were considered to have loaded onto a given factor when the primary loading was or greater and all cross-loadings were less than The factor analyses partitioned the original four constructs into the nine constructs included in Table 2. An examination of the item descriptions and the data values supported the creation of the new constructs. For example, ICulture3 and ICulture4 are the only two items in the Improvement Culture construct that both address the extent to which blame and negativity are avoided and the two loaded together as a separate factor. As another illustration, the Performance Review item PR2 refers to the extent to which regular standard audits are conducted 1156
4 due to a Kaizen event, while the other Performance Review items refer to the use of meetings to review performance data. Cronbach s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the constructs (see Table 2). All Cronbach s alpha values were greater than 0.70, which is commonly taken to indicate acceptable scale reliability [17]. Examining the means of each variable shows that the case study organization uses the follow-up mechanisms Avoiding Blame and Work Area Mgt Support to a great extent and with little deviation, while other constructs had slightly lower means and higher variability. Table 2: Revised Follow-up Mechanism Constructs and Reliability Factor New Variable Name Items Mean Standard Deviation Cronbach s Alpha 1 Employee Follow-up EE n/a 2 Employee Involvement EE2, EE Follow-up IChange1, IChange Infrastructure 4 Updating Work IChange3, IChange Methods 5 Employee ICulture1, ICulture2, Encouragement ICulture5 6 Avoiding Blame ICulture3, ICulture Work Area Mgt ICulture6, ICulture Support 8 PR1, PR3, PR4, PR5, Performance Review PR6, PR7 9 Audits PR n/a 4. Correlation of Follow-up Mechanisms with Goal Sustainability To gain a preliminary understanding of the possible correlation between follow-up mechanism constructs and Goal Sustainability %, the researchers used a pairwise correlation. Because of the small sample size, the statistical significance threshold was adjusted from the traditional.01 to.01/9 or to account for the nine constructs. The results of the pairwise correlation analysis are provided in Table 3. None of the correlations were statistically significant at the adjusted α. However, the Audits construct was nearly significant with a p-value only slightly greater than (p = ) and noticeably large for field data (0.76). For the case study organization, the audit is a frequently used follow-up mechanism and outliers were noted on the item. In particular, in 2 of the 14 cases, audits were not used at all, while in the remaining 12 cases, audits were either used to a large extent (5) or to a great extent (6). Upon examining the data, it does appear that the 2 cases that did not utilize regular audits had the lowest Goal Sustainability %, at 0% goal sustained and 67% goal sustained. Thus, it seems reasonable to posit that there is a relationship between the use of audits and goal sustainability, even based on this small sample size. This apparent relationship should be further explored in future research involving additional organizations. Table 3: Pairwise Correlations of Goal Sustainability % by each Follow-up Mechanism Construct Variable by Variable Correlation Signif Prob Goal Sustainability % Employee Follow-up Goal Sustainability % Employee Involvement Goal Sustainability % Follow-up Infrastructure Goal Sustainability % Updating Work Methods Goal Sustainability % Employee Encouragement Goal Sustainability % Avoiding Blame Goal Sustainability % Work Area Mgt Support Goal Sustainability % Performance Review
5 Variable by Variable Correlation Signif Prob Goal Sustainability % Audits Insight from Qualitative Data The authors also included open-ended questions in the Post-Event Information Sheet to capture additional data that may support the quantitative findings. In particular, the Kaizen event facilitators of the case study organization answered the questions, In your opinion, what have been the biggest obstacles to date in sustaining the results from the Kaizen event? and In your opinion, what have been the biggest contributors to date in sustaining the results from the Kaizen event? The authors grouped these comments from the facilitators at the case study organization according to their common themes [15]. Figure 2 presents facilitator perceptions of the biggest sustainability obstacles. It is noted that personnel turnover is the most frequently cited (cited in five out of 14 events). Also, most of these obstacles are not directly controllable by the facilitator but can be at least partially influenced by senior management in the organization for instance the time and capital available for follow-up, as well as efforts to control personnel turnover. Figure 2: Frequency of Outcome Sustainability Obstacles Identified by the Case Study Organization With respect to the biggest sustainability contributors (see Figure 3), the case study organization most often cited the willingness, dedication, and drive of work area employees and management to sustain the outcomes. Aligned with the quantitative findings, the case study organization also cited the completion of audits as a contributor and the delay of audit completion as an obstacle. Overall, the comments from the case study organization provided additional insights into the quantitative results and supported the conclusion that these factors should be considered in the overall study of Kaizen event outcome sustainability. Figure 3: Frequency of Outcome Sustainability Contributions Identified by the Case Study Organization 1158
6 6. Conclusions and Future Research Preliminary findings from a subset of Kaizen events from a larger Kaizen event field study suggest that the 21 identified follow-up mechanisms may be reduced to form nine constructs, with those constructs having multiple items demonstrating acceptable levels of reliability. The study also suggests a relationship between the use of standard performance audits and results sustainability (supported by both quantitative and qualitative analysis), as well as a relationship between organizational and work area culture and results sustainability (supported by qualitative analysis only). Researchers should use these preliminary results to inform the ongoing study of Kaizen event (or other improvement project structure) outcome sustainability to identify the full set of factors that are critical for organizations to sustain technical system outcomes. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. DMI The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of all facilitators and team members who participated in this research. References 1. Farris, J.A., 2006, An empirical investigation of Kaizen event effectiveness outcomes and critical success factors, Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 2. Friedli, D., 1999, UK firms may suffer from kamikaze kaizen strategy, The Engineer. 3. Mackle, K., 2000, There's no quick fix, The Engineer. 4. Dale, B.G., et al., 1997, Total quality management sustaining audit tool: Description and use, Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 8(6), Kaye, M. and R. Anderson, 1999, Continuous improvement: the ten essential criteria, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 16(5), Keating, E., et al., 1999, Overcoming the improvement paradox, European Management Journal, 17(2), p Oxtoby, B., T. Mguiness, and R. Morgan, 2002, Developing Organisational Change Capability, European Management Journal, 20(3), Upton, D.M., 1996, Mechanisms for Building and sustaining operations improvement, European Management Journal, 1(3), Bateman, N., 2005, Sustainability: the elusive element of process improvement, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25(3), Farris, J., et al., 2004, Longitudinal analysis of kaizen event effectiveness, Proc. of the Industrial Engineering and Research Conference, May 15-19, Houston, TX, CD-ROM. 11. Farris, J., Van Aken, E. M., and Doolen, T. L., 2006, Studying kaizen event outcomes and critical success factors: a model-based approach, Proc. of the Industrial Engineering and Research Conference, May 20-24Orlando, FL, CD-ROM. 12. Farris, J.A., et al., 2006, Learning from Kaizen Events: A Research Methodology for Determining the Characteristics of More- and Less-Successful Events, Proc. of the American Society for Engineering Management Conference, October 25-28, Huntsville, AL, CD-ROM. 13. Tamimi, N., Gershon, M., & Currall, S., 1995, Assessing the psychometric properties of Deming s 14 principles, Qualtiy Management Journal, 2(3), Jennrich, R., 2002, A simple general method for oblique rotation, Psychometrika, 67(1), Yin, R.K., 1994, Case study research: design and methods, 2nd edition, Applied social research methods series. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, xvii Johnson, D.E., 1998, Applied multivariate methods for data analysts, Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove, Calif., xiv Nunnally, J.D., 1978, Psychometric Theory, 2nd edition, New York: McGraw-Hill. 1159
Empowerment At Higher Educational Organizations
Empowerment At Higher Educational Organizations AŞermin Şenturan1, Julijana Angelovska2 1Bülent Ecevit Üniversity, Zonguldak/Turkey 2International Balkan University, Skopje/Makedonia E- mails : senturansermin@gmail.com,
More informationIntroduction to the HBDI and the Whole Brain Model. Technical Overview & Validity Evidence
Introduction to the HBDI and the Whole Brain Model Technical Overview & Validity Evidence UPDATED 2016 OVERVIEW The theory on which the Whole Brain Model and the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI
More informationPersonality Traits Effects on Job Satisfaction: The Role of Goal Commitment
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Management Faculty Research Management, Marketing and MIS Fall 11-14-2009 Personality Traits Effects on Job Satisfaction: The Role of Goal Commitment Wai Kwan
More informationArticle Critique - Use of Triangulation 1. Running Header: ARTICLE CRITIQUE USE OF TRIANGULATION FOR
Article Critique - Use of Triangulation 1 Running Header: ARTICLE CRITIQUE USE OF TRIANGULATION FOR COMPLETENESS PURPOSES Article Critique Use of Triangulation for Completeness Purposes Debbie L. Philpott
More informationAssessment of Impact on Health and Environmental Building Performance of Projects Utilizing the Green Advantage LEED ID Credit
July 26, 2009 Assessment of Impact on Health and Environmental Building Performance of Projects Utilizing the Green Advantage LEED ID Credit This study, undertaken collaboratively by the s Powell Center
More informationCHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY The research will be conducted in several steps below: Figure 3.1 Research Frameworks 3.1 Literature Study Involve conceptual literature from book related to Integrated Marketing
More informationExamining the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understand pre-service teachers intention to use technology*
Examining the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understand pre-service teachers intention to use technology* Timothy Teo & Chwee Beng Lee Nanyang Technology University Singapore This
More informationA CONSTRUCT VALIDITY ANALYSIS OF THE WORK PERCEPTIONS PROFILE DATA DECEMBER 4, 2014
A CONSTRUCT VALIDITY ANALYSIS OF THE WORK PERCEPTIONS PROFILE DATA DECEMBER 4, 2014 RESEARCH PROBLEM The Work Perceptions Profile is an existing instrument that is currently being used as an indicator
More informationThe Impact of Role Variables on Turnover Intentions of Information Technology Professionals: An Examination of Moderating Effects
Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) AMCIS 2001 Proceedings Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) December 2001 The Impact of Role Variables on Turnover Intentions
More informationMethodological Issues in Measuring the Development of Character
Methodological Issues in Measuring the Development of Character Noel A. Card Department of Human Development and Family Studies College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Supported by a grant from the John Templeton
More informationTO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND TEACHER EMPOWERMENT
TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND TEACHER EMPOWERMENT *Faride Hashemian nejad Department of Education, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran *Author for Correspondence
More informationThe Influence of Psychological Empowerment on Innovative Work Behavior among Academia in Malaysian Research Universities
DOI: 10.7763/IPEDR. 2014. V 78. 21 The Influence of Psychological Empowerment on Innovative Work Behavior among Academia in Malaysian Research Universities Azra Ayue Abdul Rahman 1, Siti Aisyah Panatik
More informationTeachers Sense of Efficacy Scale: The Study of Validity and Reliability
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 12/ March 2015 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.1 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Teachers Sense of Efficacy Scale: The Study of Validity and Dr.
More informationCHAPTER VI RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER VI RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 6.1 Research Design Research is an organized, systematic, data based, critical, objective, scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the
More informationEXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AT FOOD INDUSTRIES IN ARDABIL PROVINCE
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AT FOOD INDUSTRIES IN ARDABIL PROVINCE Dr.MirzaHassan Hosseini Associate Professor, Payam e Noor University,
More informationSchool orientation and mobility specialists School psychologists School social workers Speech language pathologists
2013-14 Pilot Report Senate Bill 10-191, passed in 2010, restructured the way all licensed personnel in schools are supported and evaluated in Colorado. The ultimate goal is ensuring college and career
More informationHow Do We Assess Students in the Interpreting Examinations?
How Do We Assess Students in the Interpreting Examinations? Fred S. Wu 1 Newcastle University, United Kingdom The field of assessment in interpreter training is under-researched, though trainers and researchers
More informationa, Emre Sezgin a, Sevgi Özkan a, * Systems Ankara, Turkey
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 8 ( 0 ) nd World Conference on Educational Technology Researches WCETR0 The role of Gender in Pharmacists Attitudes
More informationConfirmatory Factor Analysis of the BCSSE Scales
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the BCSSE Scales Justin Paulsen, ABD James Cole, PhD January 2019 Indiana University Center for Postsecondary Research 1900 East 10th Street, Suite 419 Bloomington, Indiana
More informationEffect of job characteristics on satisfaction and performance: A test in Egyptian agricultural extension system
Vol. 8(48), pp. 6126-6130, 12 December, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR09.698 ISSN 1991-637X 2013 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/ajar African Journal of Agricultural Research Full Length Research
More information2013 Supervisor Survey Reliability Analysis
2013 Supervisor Survey Reliability Analysis In preparation for the submission of the Reliability Analysis for the 2013 Supervisor Survey, we wanted to revisit the purpose of this analysis. This analysis
More informationPackianathan Chelladurai Troy University, Troy, Alabama, USA.
DIMENSIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY OF SPORT GOVERNING BODIES OF GHANA: DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE Christopher Essilfie I.B.S Consulting Alliance, Accra, Ghana E-mail: chrisessilfie@yahoo.com Packianathan
More informationA STUDY ON IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN TECHNICAL INSTITUTES OF DURG AND BHILAI
Management A STUDY ON IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN TECHNICAL INSTITUTES OF DURG AND BHILAI Shivangi Jaiswal *1, Pankaj Joge 2 *1 Student, PG Department of Commerce, St Thomas
More informationRong Quan Low Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
International Journal of Accounting & Business Management Vol. 1 (No.1), April, 2013 Page: 99-106 ISSN: 2289-4519 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. www.ftms.edu.my/journals/index.php/journals/ijabm
More informationIdentifying a Computer Forensics Expert: A Study to Measure the Characteristics of Forensic Computer Examiners
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law Volume 5 Number 1 Article 1 2010 Identifying a Computer Forensics Expert: A Study to Measure the Characteristics of Forensic Computer Examiners Gregory H.
More informationCONSUMERS PROTECTION PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL IN SUB-DISTRICT HEALTH PROMOTING HOSPITALS
2014 Bali, Indonesia Global Illuminators, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. CONSUMERS PROTECTION PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL IN SUB-DISTRICT HEALTH PROMOTING HOSPITALS, KHON KAEN PROVINCE. 1 SumaleeLarangsitand
More informationQualitative Attitude Research To Determine the Employee Opinion of a Business Hotel in Istanbul - Turkey. Ahmet Ferda Seymen 1
Qualitative Attitude Research To Determine the Employee Opinion of a Business Hotel in Istanbul - Turkey Ahmet Ferda Seymen 1 INRTODUCTION Qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon,
More informationDevelopment and Psychometric Properties of the Relational Mobility Scale for the Indonesian Population
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Relational Mobility Scale for the Indonesian Population Sukaesi Marianti Abstract This study aims to develop the Relational Mobility Scale for the Indonesian
More informationManagement Science Letters
Management Science Letters 2 (212) 751 756 Contents lists available at GrowingScience Management Science Letters homepage: www.growingscience.com/msl An empirical study on entrepreneurs' personal characteristics
More informationTHE USE OF CRONBACH ALPHA RELIABILITY ESTIMATE IN RESEARCH AMONG STUDENTS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN GHANA.
Africa Journal of Teacher Education ISSN 1916-7822. A Journal of Spread Corporation Vol. 6 No. 1 2017 Pages 56-64 THE USE OF CRONBACH ALPHA RELIABILITY ESTIMATE IN RESEARCH AMONG STUDENTS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
More informationItem Wording and Internal Consistency of a Measure of Cohesion: The Group Environment Questionnaire
Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Kinesiology and Physical Education Faculty Publications Kinesiology and Physical Education 2007 Item Wording and Internal Consistency of a Measure
More informationDEVELOPING A TOOL TO MEASURE SOCIAL WORKERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY INTEGRATE THEIR SPIRITUALITY IN THE WORKPLACE
North American Association of Christians in Social Work (NACSW) PO Box 121; Botsford, CT 06404 *** Phone/Fax (tollfree): 888.426.4712 Email: info@nacsw.org *** Website: http://www.nacsw.org A Vital Christian
More informationFactors Affecting on Personal Health Record
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(S8), 173 179 April 2015 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8iS8/70534 Factors Affecting on Health Record Je Ran
More informationHow Does Person-Organization Fit Affect Behavioral And Attitudinal Outcomes?
How Does Person-Organization Fit Affect Behavioral And Attitudinal Outcomes? The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment Working Paper Series 09-01 February 2009 Brian T. Gregory, Ph.D. Assistant Professor
More informationBureaucracy and Teachers' Sense of Power. Cemil Yücel
Bureaucracy and Teachers' Sense of Power Cemil Yücel Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
More informationValue Differences Between Scientists and Practitioners: A Survey of SIOP Members
Value Differences Between Scientists and Practitioners: A Survey of SIOP Members Margaret E. Brooks, Eyal Grauer, Erin E. Thornbury, and Scott Highhouse Bowling Green State University The scientist-practitioner
More informationEnvironmental Education In The Workplace: vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD. Catherine M. Baudains BSc. Dip Ed. Hons.
Environmental Education In The Workplace: Inducing voluntary transport behaviour change to decrease single occupant vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD. Catherine M. Baudains BSc. Dip Ed. Hons.
More informationISSN X Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol. 2 (8) October 2012
The Investigation of Czech Lower Secondary School Pupils Toward Science Subjects Milan Kubiatko Doi:10.5901/jesr.2012.v2n8p11 Institute for Research in School Education, Masaryk University, Brno,Czech
More informationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Volume 1, Number 1 Submitted: October 16, 2004 First Revision: November 23, 2004 Accepted: November 30, 2004 Publication Date: January 5, 2005 AN ANALYSIS OF
More informationTECH 646 Analysis of Research in Industry and Technology
TECH 646 Analysis of Research in Industry and Technology Ch 6. Research Design: An Overview Based on the text book and supplemental materials from the text book: Cooper, D.R., & Schindler, P.S., Business
More informationTHE IMPACT OF PURCHASING FIRM FORMALIZATION ON PURCHASING MANAGER COMPLAINT BEHAVIOR
THE IMPACT OF PURCHASING FIRM FORMALIZATION ON PURCHASING MANAGER COMPLAINT BEHAVIOR Lynn R. Godwin University of St. Thomas 3800 Montrose Blvd. Houston, TX 77006 713.525.2119 office 281.480.0534 home
More informationFormulation of Research Design
Formulation of Research Design Mujtaba Hassan AGHA PhD Industrial Systems Engineering Associate Professor Muhammad Ali Jinnah University (MAJU) Islamabad Campus Recalling Some Basic concepts What is theory
More informationInternational Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online), Volume 2, Issue 2, May- July (2011), pp.
International Journal of Management (IJM) ISSN 0976 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 6510(Online) Volume IAEME, http://www.iaeme.com/ijm.html I J M International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 6502(Print),
More informationC/S/E/L :2008. On Analytical Rigor A Study of How Professional Intelligence Analysts Assess Rigor. innovations at the intersection of people,
C/S/E/L :2008 innovations at the intersection of people, technology, and work. On Analytical Rigor A Study of How Professional Intelligence Analysts Assess Rigor Daniel J. Zelik The Ohio State University
More informationRELIABILITY OF THE DENISON ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE SURVEY (DOCS) FOR USE IN A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN SOUTH AFRICA CHRISSTOFFEL JACOBUS FRANCK
RELIABILITY OF THE DENISON ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE SURVEY (DOCS) FOR USE IN A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN SOUTH AFRICA by CHRISSTOFFEL JACOBUS FRANCK submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the
More informationConsumers Protection Performance of Health Personnel in Sub-district Health Promoting Hospitals, Khon Kaen Province
Available online at www.globalilluminators.org GlobalIlluminators FULL PAPER PROCEEDING Multidisciplinary Studies Full Paper Proceeding GTAR-2014, Vol. 1, 536-547 ISBN: 978-969-9948-30-5 GTAR-14 Consumers
More informationAn Indian Journal FULL PAPER ABSTRACT KEYWORDS. Trade Science Inc. Feedback seeking effects on creative performance based on goal self consistency
[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] ISSN : 0974-7435 Volume 10 Issue 16 BioTechnology 2014 An Indian Journal FULL PAPER BTAIJ, 10(16), 2014 [9370-9374] Feedback seeking effects on creative performance
More informationNANDTB-F012 Rev 0 Audit Checklist
NANDTB-F012 Rev 0 Audit Checklist 1. Foreword Minimum Requirements for the Structured Training of Non-Destructive Testing Institutes This document is based upon CEN Technical Report 25108:2006, which is
More informationTHE CUSTOMER SERVICE ATTRIBUTE INDEX
THE CUSTOMER SERVICE ATTRIBUTE INDEX Jane Doe Customer Service XYZ Corporation 7-22-2003 CRITICAL SUCCESS ATTRIBUTES ATTITUDE TOWARD OTHERS: To what extent does Jane tend to maintain a positive, open and
More informationAmmar Hussein Department of human resource management higher institute of business administration Damascus Syria
Examining the Mediating Role of Critical Psychological States between Job Characteristics and Job Satisfaction among Employees in the General Media Sector in Syria Ammar Hussein Department of human resource
More informationExternal Variables and the Technology Acceptance Model
Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) AMCIS 1995 Proceedings Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) 8-25-1995 External Variables and the Technology Acceptance Model
More informationReliability 2010 Internal Consistency Reliability - Internal Consistency
Reliability 2010 Internal Consistency Reliability - Internal Consistency How well do NSSE Deep scales measure a single latent construct? Purpose Based on the NSSE Psychometric Reliability Framework (2011),
More informationEXPLORING CASINO GAMBLING IMPACT PERCEPTIONS: A GENDERED SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY APPROACH
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Tourism Travel and Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally 2007 ttra International Conference EXPLORING CASINO GAMBLING
More informationAnalysis of factors that influencing the interest of Bali State Polytechnic s students in entrepreneurship
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Analysis of factors that influencing the interest of Bali State Polytechnic s students in entrepreneurship To cite this article: N W D Ayuni and
More informationEffective Factors on Psychological Empowerment. Case Study: Service organization
DOI: 10.7763/IPEDR. 2012. V47. 22 Effective Factors on Psychological Empowerment. Case Study: Service organization Fatemeh Narenji Thani 1, Faranak Mokhtarian 2+ 1,2 Educational Administration in University
More informationPERCEIVED TRUSTWORTHINESS OF KNOWLEDGE SOURCES: THE MODERATING IMPACT OF RELATIONSHIP LENGTH
PERCEIVED TRUSTWORTHINESS OF KNOWLEDGE SOURCES: THE MODERATING IMPACT OF RELATIONSHIP LENGTH DANIEL Z. LEVIN Management and Global Business Dept. Rutgers Business School Newark and New Brunswick Rutgers
More informationTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND STRESS MANAGEMENT
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND STRESS MANAGEMENT Ms S Ramesar Prof P Koortzen Dr R M Oosthuizen Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology University of South Africa th
More informationIssues in Information Systems
ANALYZING THE ROLE OF SOME PERSONAL DETERMINANTS IN WEB 2.0 APPLICATIONS USAGE Adel M. Aladwani, Kuwait University, adel.aladwani@ku.edu.kw ABSTRACT This study examines the personal determinants of Web
More informationCHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. In this chapter, research design, data collection, sampling frame and analysis
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction In this chapter, research design, data collection, sampling frame and analysis procedure will be discussed in order to meet the objectives of the study.
More informationI t s i n o u r n a t u r e t o h e l p
I t s i n o u r n a t u r e t o h e l p COMPANY PROFILE Founded in 1977, Ceres Environmental Services, Inc. is a licensed general contractor and governmental contracting firm specializing in disaster recovery
More informationIDEA Technical Report No. 20. Updated Technical Manual for the IDEA Feedback System for Administrators. Stephen L. Benton Dan Li
IDEA Technical Report No. 20 Updated Technical Manual for the IDEA Feedback System for Administrators Stephen L. Benton Dan Li July 2018 2 Table of Contents Introduction... 5 Sample Description... 6 Response
More informationA Case Study Primer in the Context of Complexity
Centre for Behavioural Research and Program Evaluation A Case Study Primer in the Context of Complexity Barbara Riley, PhD CPHRI Research Methods Symposium Victoria, BC, May 4-8, 2009 The Centre for Behavioural
More informationDesign and Preliminary Validation of an Instrument to Measure Medical Student Attitudes Toward the Homeless
Design and Preliminary Validation of an Instrument to Measure Medical Student Attitudes Toward the Homeless David S. Buck, MD, MPH F. Marconi Monteiro, EdD Suzanne Kneuper, MA Dana L. Clark, MD Allegra
More informationPHASE 1 OCDA Scale Results: Psychometric Assessment and Descriptive Statistics for Partner Libraries
Running head: PHASE I OCDA RESULTS PHASE 1 OCDA Scale Results: Psychometric Assessment and Descriptive Statistics for Partner Libraries Paul J. Hanges, Juliet Aiken, Xiafang Chen & Hali Chambers University
More informationJournal of Management Info 4(1), (2014)
Effects of Perceived Stressors and Psychiatric Morbidity on Academic Performance of University Students Aftab Alam Khan a,*, Abid Sultan b, Farzand Ali Jan b a,* Ayub Medical College, Abbotabad, Pakistan
More informationReliability and Validity of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture at a Norwegian Hospital
Paper I Olsen, E. (2008). Reliability and Validity of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture at a Norwegian Hospital. In J. Øvretveit and P. J. Sousa (Eds.), Quality and Safety Improvement Research:
More informationThe relationship between job satisfaction, perceived organizational support and organizational cynicism of ÖYP research assistants
Available Online at http://iassr.org/journal 2015 (c) EJRE published by International Association of Social Science Research - IASSR ISSN: 2147-6284 European Journal of Research on Education, 2015, 3(2),
More informationTHEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND PSYCHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SENSE OF PERSONAL CONTROL AT WORK QUESTIONNAIRE
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Vol. 5, No., 29 36, 2002 THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND PSYCHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SENSE OF PERSONAL CONTROL AT WORK QUESTIONNAIRE
More informationCommunalism Scale 2015 Cultural Validity Study
Communalism Scale 2015 Cultural Validity Study by Nyasha Grayman-Simpson, PhD nyasha.grayman@goucher.edu Associate Professor of Psychology Goucher College, Baltimore, MD & Jacqueline S. Mattis, PhD jmattis@umich.edu
More informationProspect Theory and Gain-Framing: The Relationship Between Cost Perception and Satisfaction
Advances in Behavioral Finance & Economics: The Journal of the Academy of Behavioral Finance Volume 1, Issue 1, Winter 2011 87-99 Copyright 2011 Academy of Behavioral Finance, Inc. All rights reserved.
More informationGerard J Fogarty. University of Southern Queensland. Toowoomba, Queensland Australia
Safety Climate, Psychological Strain, and Maintenance Errors 1 Psychological Strain Mediates the Impact of Safety Climate on Maintenance Errors Gerard J Fogarty University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba,
More informationHow Doctors Feel About Electronic Health Records. National Physician Poll by The Harris Poll
How Doctors Feel About Electronic Health Records National Physician Poll by The Harris Poll 1 Background, Objectives, and Methodology New research from Stanford Medicine, conducted with The Harris Poll
More informationThe Assessment of Behavior and Practice Change
Chapter Four The Assessment of Behavior and Practice Change An important goal of training is to ensure that behavior or practice changes occur as a result of the training that training participants apply
More informationPhysicians' Acceptance of Web-Based Medical Assessment Systems: Findings from a National Survey
Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) AMCIS 2003 Proceedings Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) 12-31-2003 Physicians' Acceptance of Web-Based Medical Assessment
More informationHierarchical Linear Models: Applications to cross-cultural comparisons of school culture
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications to cross-cultural comparisons of school culture Magdalena M.C. Mok, Macquarie University & Teresa W.C. Ling, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong Paper presented at the
More informationThe Effectiveness of the Modified Expanded Rational Expectations Model to Explore Adult Consumers Functional Foods Consumption Behavior ABSTRACT
The Effectiveness of the Modified Expanded Rational Expectations Model to Explore Adult Consumers Functional Foods Consumption Behavior Oak-Hee Park Linda Hoover Tim Dodd Lynn Huffman Nutrition, Hospitality,
More informationMETACOGNITION AND IT: THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-EFFICACY AND SELF-AWARENESS
METACOGNITION AND IT: THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-EFFICACY AND SELF-AWARENESS Jane I. Gravill Ivey Business School The University of Western Ontario jgravill@ivey.uwo.ca Deborah R. Compeau Ivey Business School
More informationPatients as Partners Co-Creation in Health Care
Patients as Partners Co-Creation in Health Care Michael Bartl 1. Introduction Most of the time we discuss concepts like consumer centric-design, co-creation or open innovation in the context of business
More informationThe Relationship between Spiritual Leadership Features of the Principals and Job Empowerment
Journal of Political & Social Sciences. Vol., 1 (1), 30-35, 2014 Available online at http://www.jpssjournal.com ISSN 0000-0000 2014 The Relationship between Spiritual Leadership Features of the Principals
More informationEthical Perception from Students Perspective: Understanding Instructors Effect on Students Ethical Sensitivity in Personal Selling
Ethical Perception from Students Perspective: Understanding Instructors Effect on Students Ethical Sensitivity in Personal Selling Emrah Cengiz Istanbul University Selim Yazici Istanbul University Murat
More informationPublic Child Welfare Workers Safety Experiences: Predictors and Impact on Job Withdrawal Using Mixed-Methods Approach
Public Child Welfare Workers Safety Experiences: Predictors and Impact on Job Withdrawal Using Mixed-Methods Approach HaeJung Kim, PhD University of Maryland, School of Social Work Baltimore, MD Statement
More informationFDA issues long-awaited final guidance on when a device modification requires a new 510(k)
FDA issues long-awaited final guidance on when a device modification requires a new 510(k) November 2, 2017 Six years after its first attempt to update its 20-year-old guidelines for when modifications
More informationResearch Methodology in Social Sciences. by Dr. Rina Astini
Research Methodology in Social Sciences by Dr. Rina Astini Email : rina_astini@mercubuana.ac.id What is Research? Re ---------------- Search Re means (once more, afresh, anew) or (back; with return to
More informationInvestigation of Relationship between "Self-Esteem and Assertiveness" and "Employees' Performance" in National Iranian Bank Branches in Tonekabon city
J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., ()8-87, 0 0, TextRoad Publication ISSN: 090-7 Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com Investigation of Relationship between "Self-Esteem
More informationAN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE IN CHINA, AND THE ROLE OF GUANXI IN THE LMX PROCESS
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE IN CHINA, AND THE ROLE OF GUANXI IN THE LMX PROCESS A Dissertation submitted by Gwenda Latham, MBA For the award of Doctor
More informationThis is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail.
This is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Author(s): Tirkkonen, Päivi; Luoma-aho, Vilma Title: Online authority
More informationFinding Cultural Differences and Motivation Factors of Foreign Construction Workers
Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, 2015, 3, 35-46 Published Online June 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jbcpr http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbcpr.2015.32005 Finding Cultural
More informationCommentary on Constructing New Theory for Identifying Students with Emotional Disturbance
The Grounded Theory Review (2012), Volume 11, Issue 1 59 Commentary on Constructing New Theory for Identifying Students with Emotional Disturbance Cheri Ann Hernandez, University of Windsor Tom Andrews,
More informationCOGNITIVE STYLE AND BUSINESS POSTGRADUATES IN TURKEY: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
COGNITIVE STYLE AND BUSINESS POSTGRADUATES IN TURKEY: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS SALİM ATAY Research Assistant Doctoral Candidate Tel.: 0212 507 99 25 Fax: 0212 575 43 64 e-mail: salim@marun.edu.tr SİNAN ARTAN
More informationClinical psychology trainees experiences of supervision
Clinical psychology trainees experiences of supervision Item Type Article Authors Waldron, Michelle;Byrne, Michael Citation Waldron, M, & Byrne, M. (2014). Clinical psychology trainees' experiences of
More informationRESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. 2. To analyze the attitude and behavior of Indian consumers towards green products
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the awareness of consumers regarding green products 2. To analyze the attitude and behavior of Indian consumers towards green products 3. To
More informationPsychometric Instrument Development
Psychometric Instrument Development Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:soft_ruler.jpg, CC-by-SA 3.0 Lecture 6 Survey Research & Design in Psychology James Neill, 2016 Creative Commons
More informationHelp New Managers Succeed with Good Leadership Habits
Help New Managers Succeed with Good Leadership Habits Scott Blanchard The Ken Blanchard Companies 2016 The Ken Blanchard Companies. All rights reserved. Do not duplicate.. The Ken Blanchard Companies unleashes
More informationPhases Of Safety Excellence
Phases Of Safety Excellence EHS is Instinctual EHS is a Value EHS is a Priority Accidents/Insurance Cost Too Much Keep Us Out of Jail & Don t Shut Us Down An Effective Tool to Help You Improve EHS Performance
More informationSurvey Research. Recommended readings for Module 1 (Lectures 1 and 2)
Introduction to Survey Research Lecture 1 Survey Research & Design in Psychology James Neill, 2018 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 1 Overview 1.Readings 2.Scientific paradigm 3.Types of research 4.What
More informationSurvey Research. Recommended readings for Module 1 (Lectures 1 and 2)
Introduction to Survey Lecture 1 Survey & Design in Psychology James Neill, 2018 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 1 Overview 1.Readings 2.Scientific paradigm 3.Types of research 4.What is a survey? 5.History
More informationAn Empirical Study on Causal Relationships between Perceived Enjoyment and Perceived Ease of Use
An Empirical Study on Causal Relationships between Perceived Enjoyment and Perceived Ease of Use Heshan Sun Syracuse University hesun@syr.edu Ping Zhang Syracuse University pzhang@syr.edu ABSTRACT Causality
More informationScoring Models for Innovative Item Types: A Case Study
Scoring Models for Innovative Item Types: A Case Study By Dr. Chris Beauchamp January 2016 As a way to capture the richness of job performance, many credentialing organizations are supplementing traditional
More informationWhat Solution-Focused Coaches Do: An Empirical Test of an Operationalization of Solution-Focused Coach Behaviors
www.solutionfocusedchange.com February, 2012 What Solution-Focused Coaches Do: An Empirical Test of an Operationalization of Solution-Focused Coach Behaviors Coert F. Visser In an attempt to operationalize
More informationNA-019 LEVEL 3 QUALIFICATION RECOGNITION FOR AS3669 AND EN 4179 / NAS 410
NA-019 LEVEL 3 QUALIFICATION RECOGNITION FOR AS3669 AND EN 4179 / NAS 410 Initial Qualification Recognition This procedure describes how the NANDTB recognises NDT Level 3 personnel qualifications as meeting
More information