The Discovery/Justification Distinction
|
|
- Shauna Bailey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Inductive Realist Model of Theory Generation: Explaining the Development of the Hunt-Vitell Theory of Ethics 1 by Shelby D. Hunt The Jerry S. Rawls and P.W. Horn Professor of Marketing Texas Tech University shelby.hunt@ttu.edu 2 The Discovery/Justification Distinction In philosophy: The philosopher of science is not much interested in the thought processes which lead to scientific discoveries That is, he is interested not in the context of discovery but in the context of justification. Reichenbach (1938, p. 7) In marketing: Many, if not most, scientific discoveries are flashes of perceptual insight and are not the result of following some rigorously prescribed procedure. Hunt (1976, p. 18) Figure 1.1 Discovery Versus Justification 3 Eureka! Dreams Metaphor recognition Observation Speculation Metaphoric transfer Record data Assumptions Context of discovery Classification Hypothetical model Induce generalizations Deduce generalizations Empirical generalizations Laws Theories Context of justification Explanation Predictions Understanding Control Empirical testing Formalization Research hypotheses Source: Hunt (1991a). Reprinted by permission of the author. 1
2 4 The Friends of Discovery Hanson (1958). Patterns of Discovery: An Inquiry Into the Conceptual Foundations of Science. New York: Cambridge University Press. Schaffner (1974). Logic of Discovery and Justification in Regulatory Genetics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 4(4), Nickles (1980a). Scientific Discovery, Logic, and Rationality. The Netherlands: D. Reidel Publishing Company. Nickles (1980b). Scientific Discovery: Case Studies. The Netherlands: D. Reidel Publishing Company. Lugg (1985). The Process of Discovery. Philosophy of Science, 52(2), Nickles (1985). Beyond Divorce: Current Status of the Discovery Debate. Philosophy of Science, 52(2), Zytow and Simon (1988). Normative Systems of Discovery and Logic of Search. Synthese, 74, Kluwer Academic Publishers Savary (1995). Discovery and its Logic: Popper and the Friends of Discovery. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 25(3), Schickore and Steinle (eds.). (2006). Revisiting Discovery and Justification: Historical and Philosphical Perspectives on the Context Distinction. Dordrecht: Springer. Meheus and Nickles (eds.) (2009). Models of Discovery and Creativity. Dordrecht: Springer. Gibbons (2012). Reassessing Discovery: Rosalind Franklin, Scientific Visualization and the Structure of DNA. Philosophy of Science, 79(1), The Discovery Continuum Irrational Process Algorithmic Process e.g. Popper (1959) e.g. Zytow and Simon (1988) Figure 1 The Inductive Realist Model of Theory Status. 6 5 Empirical Success Factors I 7 Conceptual Epistemic Factors G E K Theory Proposals Theory Status Theory Uses External World Entities Attributes Relationships Acceptance Explanations A B C Working Predictions acceptance Interventions Rejection Entities Attributes Relationships J 8 L Nonepistemic Factors H F D 6 Empirical Failure Factors Source: Adapted from Hunt (2011). Box 8 and Path L are dashed to indicate that, though nonepistemic factors sometimes influence theory status (a positive claim), scientific realism maintains that it is inappropriate for them to do so (a normative claim). 2
3 7 The Inductive Realist Model of Theory Generation 9. Empirical successes 7. Constraints F D H H I K M O 1. Current disciplinary knowledge -Entities Problem Creative New theory recognition cognitive acts proposals O P Q -Unexplained phenomena -New entities -Entities 5. Theory uses A -Explanations 6. External world B -Entities -Attributes -Empirical -New attributes -Attributes -Predictions -Attributes -Relationships -Conceptual -New relationships -Relationships -Interventions -Relationships J L N P C 8. Reasoning processes G E 10. Empirical failures Figure 1. The Inductive Realist Model of Theory Generation. Source: Hunt (2012a). Reprinted by permission. 8 The Hunt-Vitell Theory of Ethics Cultural environment b. Legal system c. Political system ethical problem Professional environment alternatives norms Action control Industry environment Organizational environment Probabilities of Ethical judgments Intentions Behavior Personal characteristics b. Value system c. Belief system d. Strength of moral character e. Cognitive moral development f. Ethical sensitivity Desirability of Importance of stakeholders Teleological Actual Current Disciplinary Knowledge (Box 1) Marketing Ethics in the 1970s and 1980s 9 Common research design: Develop scenarios of specific marketing practices Ask different groups (e.g. students, workers, and marketing practitioners) to evaluate the ethicality of each marketing practice Show that the various groups differ as to the ethicality of the marketing practices Common research conclusion: Marketing practitioners ethical frameworks are different from those of other groups (e.g. students and workers). 3
4 10 Problem Recognition (Box 2) What is the meaning of the concept, ethical framework? If people have different ethical judgments, does this imply that people have different ethical frameworks? What kind of research design could test whether marketing practitioners ethical frameworks are different from others? What is required to guide the research design is a positive ethical theory, but most ethical theories are normative 11 Constraints (Box 7) If a positive ethical theory is to be developed, it should be related to existing ethics concepts Major existing concepts include deontological ethics and teleological ethics A positive ethical theory should be capable of being expressed in boxes and arrows 12 Reasoning Processes (Box 8) If people actually made ethical judgments consistent with normative ethical theories, what ought to be the key components of the ethical decision-making process? ethical reasoning should be a major part of the positive theory of marketing ethics Teleological ethical reasoning should be a major part of the positive theory of marketing ethics 4
5 13 Creative Cognitive Acts (Box 3) The theory should focus on explaining ethical judgments. ethical problem should start the process of ethics reasoning For most people, both deontological and teleological factors influence ethical judgments Ethical judgments, intentions, and behaviors are positively related Guilt comes about when teleological influences intentions directly People learn how to reason ethically by experience New Theory Proposal (Box 4) Theory Development Process 14 Identify major constructs Iteration after iteration after iteration of the model s constructs and paths 15 The Hunt-Vitell Theory of Ethics Cultural environment b. Legal System c. Political System ethical problem Professional environment alternatives norms Action control Industry environment Organizational environment Probabilities of Ethical judgments Intentions Behavior Personal characteristics b. Value system c. Belief system d. Strength of moral character e. Cognitive moral development f. Ethical sensitivity Desirability of Importance of stakeholders Teleological Actual 5
6 New Theory Proposal (Box 4) Article Development Process 16 Develop the theory as an article Submit to JMR Rejection by JMR Submit to Journal of Macromarketing Revisions requested by the Journal of Macromarketing 17 Outside the Box Constraints Reviewer C: strongly advocates examining marketing ethics from a positive perspective. Reviewer A: Developing a positive theory of ethics is impossible in the sense that it would be no different than describing decision making in general. Thus, ethical theory, at least as espoused by the vast majority of moral philosophers, seeks to understand actions in light of some standard or concept of what behavior ought to be. In this sense, theories of ethics are uniquely normative (emphasis added). Reviewer B: Unfortunately, the author(s) avoid a central point adhered to by most moral philosophers that ethics is distinctly different from positive (descriptive) social science by definition. Ethics deals with normative judgments about moral situations. Therefore, a model of ethical decision-making should either postulate a morally consistent normative system or provide a mechanism to evaluate the ethical appropriateness of decisions already made according to some standard or standards (underlining in original). 18 Outcomes Acceptance by editor in 1985 with offer to reviewers A and B to write comments Publication in Journal of Macromarketing in 1986 Since 1986, over 1500 Google Scholar citations 6
Western Philosophy of Social Science
Western Philosophy of Social Science Lecture 4. Frameworks for the social sciences Professor Daniel Little University of Michigan-Dearborn delittle@umd.umich.edu www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~delittle/ V.
More informationCognitive domain: Comprehension Answer location: Elements of Empiricism Question type: MC
Chapter 2 1. Knowledge that is evaluative, value laden, and concerned with prescribing what ought to be is known as knowledge. *a. Normative b. Nonnormative c. Probabilistic d. Nonprobabilistic. 2. Most
More informationSeminar assignments Contemporary Jurisprudence. Uppsala University Faculty of Law VT 2014, B-period
Seminar assignments Contemporary Jurisprudence Uppsala University Faculty of Law VT 2014, B-period Seminar 1. Legal positivism Read the article Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals by H L A
More informationDurkheim. Durkheim s fundamental task in Rules of the Sociological Method is to lay out
Michelle Lynn Tey Meadow Jane Jones Deirdre O Sullivan Durkheim Durkheim s fundamental task in Rules of the Sociological Method is to lay out the basic disciplinary structure of sociology. He begins by
More informationINTERVIEWS II: THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES 5. CLINICAL APPROACH TO INTERVIEWING PART 1
INTERVIEWS II: THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES 5. CLINICAL APPROACH TO INTERVIEWING PART 1 5.1 Clinical Interviews: Background Information The clinical interview is a technique pioneered by Jean Piaget, in 1975,
More informationNATURE OF SCIENCE. Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 3A
NATURE OF SCIENCE Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 3A Nature Science Process of asking questions 2 Nature Science Process of asking questions Questions that involve logical reasoning 3 Nature Science
More informationChapter 3 Tools for Practical Theorizing: Theoretical Maps and Ecosystem Maps
Chapter 3 Tools for Practical Theorizing: Theoretical Maps and Ecosystem Maps Chapter Outline I. Introduction A. Understanding theoretical languages requires universal translators 1. Theoretical maps identify
More informationUnderstanding Science Conceptual Framework
1 Understanding Science Conceptual Framework This list of conceptual understandings regarding the nature and process of science are aligned across grade levels to help instructors identify age-appropriate
More informationGetting Published in Academic Journals: What You Need to Know
Getting Published in Academic Journals: What You Need to Know Professor Pervez N Ghauri Professor of International Business, University of Birmingham, UK Editor in Chief: International Business Review
More informationThe Relationship between Critical Realism and Performance Measurement through Data Envelopment Analysis
International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 6, No. 5; May 2015 The Relationship between Critical Realism and Performance Measurement through Data Envelopment Analysis Kazim Baris Atici Hacettepe
More informationDaniel Little University of Michigan-Dearborn www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~delittle/
Topics in the Philosophy of Social Science Daniel Little University of Michigan-Dearborn www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~delittle/ Acknowledgement This presentation reflects arguments advanced in D. Little,
More informationDuke Law Journal Online
Duke Law Journal Online VOLUME 67 MAY 2018 DISTINGUISHING CAUSAL AND NORMATIVE QUESTIONS IN EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF JUDGING PATRICK S. SHIN In this Essay, I raise a metatheoretical question concerning the
More informationTowards an Understanding of Business Students Ethical Perspectives: Implications for Moral Awareness, Moral Reasoning and Moral Decision Making
Towards an Understanding of Business Students Ethical Perspectives: Implications for Moral Awareness, Moral Reasoning and Moral Decision Making Objectives & Scope The many well-publicized ethical missteps
More informationAdaptation in the development context
Adaptation in the development context Anand Patwardhan University of Maryland, USA and Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, India NAP Expo Bonn, August 2014 Shifts in the policy narrative Climate mitigation
More informationRequest for Proposals: Junior Investigators in Genetics and Human Agency Letters of Intent Due March 1, 2016
Request for Proposals: Junior Investigators in Genetics and Human Agency Letters of Intent Due March 1, 2016 The Department of Psychology at the University of Virginia is pleased to announce a $3.5 million
More informationThis article, the last in a 4-part series on philosophical problems
GUEST ARTICLE Philosophical Issues in Medicine and Psychiatry, Part IV James Lake, MD This article, the last in a 4-part series on philosophical problems in conventional and integrative medicine, focuses
More informationCOURSE: NURSING RESEARCH CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
COURSE: NURSING RESEARCH CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1. TERMINOLOGY 1.1 Research Research is a systematic enquiry about a particular situation for a certain truth. That is: i. It is a search for knowledge
More informationAlternative Explanations for Changes in Similarity Judgments and MDS Structure
Cornell University School of Hotel Administration The Scholarly Commons Articles and Chapters School of Hotel Administration Collection 8-1990 Alternative Explanations for Changes in Similarity Judgments
More informationII. The Behavioral Approach to Understanding Cognition
II. The Behavioral Approach to Understanding Cognition The 3-term contingency is the interpretive workhorse of behavior analysis. But there are Formidable objections to adequacy of 3-term contingency to
More informationThe relationship between salespersons ethical philosophy and their ethical decision-making process
Asian J Bus Ethics (2014) 3:11 33 DOI 10.1007/s13520-013-0028-x The relationship between salespersons ethical philosophy and their ethical decision-making process Mirahmad Amirshahi & Mahmood Shirazi &
More informationSEMINAR ON SERVICE MARKETING
SEMINAR ON SERVICE MARKETING Tracy Mary - Nancy LOGO John O. Summers Indiana University Guidelines for Conducting Research and Publishing in Marketing: From Conceptualization through the Review Process
More informationFormulation of Research Design
Formulation of Research Design Mujtaba Hassan AGHA PhD Industrial Systems Engineering Associate Professor Muhammad Ali Jinnah University (MAJU) Islamabad Campus Recalling Some Basic concepts What is theory
More informationIan Owen Neil Morris The Husserlian Phenomenology of Consciousness and Cognitive Science: We Can See the Path But Nobody Is On It
Ian Owen Neil Morris The Husserlian Phenomenology of Consciousness and Cognitive Science: We Can See the Path But Nobody Is On It This response chooses the sole topic for its concern as the central question
More informationCan Bayesian models have normative pull on human reasoners?
Can Bayesian models have normative pull on human reasoners? Frank Zenker 1,2,3 1 Lund University, Department of Philosophy & Cognitive Science, LUX, Box 192, 22100 Lund, Sweden 2 Universität Konstanz,
More informationan invitation to philosophy of science
an invitation to philosophy of science 21.11.2006 petri ylikoski petri.ylikoski@helsinki.fi the structure of the lecture 2 Part I: Introducing philosophy of science with very short examples The aims of
More informationBook Note: In Doubt: The Psychology Of The Criminal Justice Process, by Dan Simon
Osgoode Hall Law Journal Volume 51, Issue 2 (Winter 2014) Article 13 Book Note: In Doubt: The Psychology Of The Criminal Justice Process, by Dan Simon Jennifer McKee Follow this and additional works at:
More informationGlossary of Research Terms Compiled by Dr Emma Rowden and David Litting (UTS Library)
Glossary of Research Terms Compiled by Dr Emma Rowden and David Litting (UTS Library) Applied Research Applied research refers to the use of social science inquiry methods to solve concrete and practical
More informationThe Rationality of Perception rewrites perception s rational role and its rational standing. This
The Philosophical Review, 2018 Susanna Siegel, The Rationality of Perception. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. xxv + 220 pp. The Rationality of Perception rewrites perception s rational role and
More informationInformation Technology Ethics: A Research Framework
Publications 2005 Information Technology Ethics: A Research Framework Richard V. McCarthy Quinnipiac University Leila Halawi Nova Southeastern University, halawil@erau.edu Jay E. Aronson University of
More informationGuide to Rating Critical & Integrative Thinking for eportfolios Washington State University, Fall 2006
Guide to Rating Critical & Integrative Thinking for eportfolios Washington State University, Fall 2006 For each of the seven criteria below, assess the work by: a) circling specific phrases which describe
More informationResponse to the ASA s statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose
Response to the ASA s statement on p-values: context, process, purpose Edward L. Ionides Alexer Giessing Yaacov Ritov Scott E. Page Departments of Complex Systems, Political Science Economics, University
More informationRealism and Qualitative Research. Joseph A. Maxwell George Mason University
Realism and Qualitative Research Joseph A. Maxwell George Mason University Philosophic realism in general is "the view that entities exist independently of being perceived, or independently of our theories
More informationPARADIGMS, THEORY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH
PARADIGMS, THEORY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Workshop 3 Masaryk University Faculty of Social Studies Research methods in sociology 5.3.2006 Nina Tomov 1 1. Introduction This chapter explains some specific ways
More informationInternational Framework for Assurance Engagements
FRAMEWORK March 2015 Framework International Framework for Assurance Engagements Explanatory Foreword The Council of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants has approved this International Framework for
More informationThe role of theory in construction management: a call for debate
The role of theory in construction management: a call for debate Seymour, D, Crook, D and Rooke, JA http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014461997373169 Title Authors Type URL The role of theory in construction management:
More informationChapter-2 RESEARCH DESIGN
Chapter-2 RESEARCH DESIGN 33 2.1 Introduction to Research Methodology: The general meaning of research is the search for knowledge. Research is also defined as a careful investigation or inquiry, especially
More informationFoundation Competencies CHILD WELFARE EPAS Core
CHILD WELFARE Behaviors 2.1.1 Identify as a social worker and conduct oneself accordingly Advocate for client access to the services of social work Practice personal reflection and selfcorrection to assure
More informationPRACTICE STANDARDS TABLE. Learning Outcomes and Descriptive Indicators based on AASW Practice Standards, 2013
PRACTICE STANDARDS TABLE Learning Outcomes and Descriptive Indicators based on AASW Practice Standards, 2013 Practice Standard Learning Outcome Descriptive Indicators 1 st placement 1: Values and Ethics
More informationWhat is Science 2009 What is science?
What is science? The question we want to address is seemingly simple, but turns out to be quite difficult to answer: what is science? It is reasonable to ask such a question since this is a book/course
More informationCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, EPISTEMOLOGY, PARADIGM, &THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, EPISTEMOLOGY, PARADIGM, &THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: Is the system of concepts, assumptions, expectations, beliefs, and theories that supports and informs your research.
More informationThree Themes in Understanding Psychology: Science, Philosophy, and History
Three Themes in Understanding Psychology: Science, Philosophy, and History I. INTRODUCTION A. Issues and Goals Understanding psychology involves adopting three perspectives: Scientific Perspective: Understanding
More informationEncyclopedia of Law & Society: American and Global Perspectives
Encyclopedia of Law & Society: American and Global Perspectives Social Norms, Emergence Of Contributors: Christine Horne Editors: David S. Clark Book Title: Global Perspectives Chapter Title: "Social Norms,
More informationArtificial Intelligence
Politecnico di Milano Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence From intelligence to rationality? Viola Schiaffonati viola.schiaffonati@polimi.it Can machine think? 2 The birth of Artificial Intelligence
More information5/22/2012. Organizational Ethics: Keeping It Simple and Real. Frame of Reference. I. The Blueprint of Ethics. SCCE - Alaska Conference June 15, 2012
Organizational Ethics: Keeping It Simple and Real SCCE - Alaska Conference June 15, 2012 Presenter: Steve Smith Deputy Chief, APD Frame of Reference Today s presentation is anchored in public accountability
More informationResearch Seminar: Introduction to Empirical Science
Research Seminar: Introduction to Empirical Science Rohit Verma Professor, Service Operations Management School of Hotel Administration Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850 rv54@cornell.edu Why Empirical
More informationExperiential Learning Portfolio for Criminal Justice Ethics
Experiential Learning Portfolio for 10504176 Criminal Justice Ethics Student Contact Information: Name: Student ID# Email: Phone: It is required that you speak with the Academic Dean or instructor who
More informationThis intermediate to advanced course is designed for social workers and related professionals required to complete ethics continuing education.
This intermediate to advanced course is designed for social workers and related professionals required to complete ethics continuing education. Much of the discussion began in the 1960s-medical field Bioethics:
More informationPersonal Responsibility and Health: A Public Health Perspective
Personal Responsibility and Health: A Public Health Perspective John Coggon University of Southampton Presented at the UKCEN Annual Conference 17 th June, 2016 Abstract Historically, many commentators
More informationMETHODOLOGY FOR DISSERTATION
METHODOLOGY FOR DISSERTATION In order to expose the methods of scientific work, it is necessary to briefly clarify the terms of methodology, methods and scientific methods. The methodology comes from the
More information1.1 Nature of Social Research: Meaning, Objectives, Characteristics
1.1 Nature of Social Research: Meaning, Objectives, Characteristics Meaning and Definition Research: Research is systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem that needs a solution.
More informationPerspectivalism and Blaming
Occam's Razor Volume 6 (2016) Article 5 2016 Perspectivalism and Blaming Dana Ann Western Washington University, dana.ann@wwu.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/orwwu Part of
More informationFrom the editor: Reflections on research and publishing Journal of Marketing; New York; Oct 1996; Varadarajan, P Rajan;
From the editor: Reflections on research and publishing Journal of Marketing; New York; Oct 1996; Varadarajan, P Rajan; Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Start Page: 3-6 ISSN: 00222429 Subject Terms: Trade publications
More informationVERDIN MANUSCRIPT REVIEW HISTORY REVISION NOTES FROM AUTHORS (ROUND 2)
1 VERDIN MANUSCRIPT REVIEW HISTORY REVISION NOTES FROM AUTHORS (ROUND 2) Thank you for providing us with the opportunity to revise our paper. We have revised the manuscript according to the editors and
More informationCognitive Modeling. Lecture 9: Intro to Probabilistic Modeling: Rational Analysis. Sharon Goldwater
Cognitive Modeling Lecture 9: Intro to Probabilistic Modeling: Sharon Goldwater School of Informatics University of Edinburgh sgwater@inf.ed.ac.uk February 8, 2010 Sharon Goldwater Cognitive Modeling 1
More informationDimensions of Health and Illness: Toward an Integrated Model
I Dimensions of Health and Illness: Toward an Integrated Model Introduction The six chapters in this section emphasize the need to incorporate new dimensions into the prevailing definitions of illness
More informationDepartment of Criminal Justice
102 Department of Criminal Justice Phone: (512) 245-2174 Office: Hines Building 108 Fax: (512) 245-8063 Web: http://www.cj.txstate.edu/ Degree Programs Offered BSCJ, major in Criminal Justice BSCJ, major
More information9/5/ Research Hazards Awareness Training
https://www.citiprogram.org/ Research Hazards Awareness Training luongo@oakland.edu https://www.oakland.edu/labsafety/training/ Committee Formed Sept. 27 Paper 20% Oct. 11 Exam 20% Nov. 13 Exam 20% Nov.
More information6/3/18 ANXIETAL UNCERTAINTY: INCREASING THE PUBLIC FILTER UNCERTAINTY IN HEALTHCARE UNCERTAINTY IN HEALTHCARE
ANXIETAL UNCERTAINTY: INCREASING THE PUBLIC FILTER UNCERTAINTY IN HEALTHCARE Uncertainty is a pervasive and important problem that has attracted increasing attention in health care, given the growing emphasis
More informationIntroduction to the Scientific Method. Knowledge and Methods. Methods for gathering knowledge. method of obstinacy
Introduction to Research Methods COGS 160 (COGS 14A) Dept. of Cognitive Science Prof. Rafael Núñez R Introduction to the Scientific Method ~ Chapter 1 Knowledge and Methods Method (Merriam-Webster) a procedure
More informationCognitive Modeling. Mechanistic Modeling. Mechanistic Modeling. Mechanistic Modeling Rational Analysis
Lecture 9: Intro to Probabilistic Modeling: School of Informatics University of Edinburgh sgwater@inf.ed.ac.uk February 8, 2010 1 1 2 3 4 Reading: Anderson (2002). 2 Traditional mechanistic approach to
More informationWe Can Test the Experience Machine. Response to Basil SMITH Can We Test the Experience Machine? Ethical Perspectives 18 (2011):
We Can Test the Experience Machine Response to Basil SMITH Can We Test the Experience Machine? Ethical Perspectives 18 (2011): 29-51. In his provocative Can We Test the Experience Machine?, Basil Smith
More informationAPPENDICES. Appendix I Business Ethical Framework
Appendix I Business Ethical Framework Circle of Care s commitment to ethical practice is reflected in the Agency s Mission, Values, and Vision. These statements form the basis of the agency s ethical framework
More informationBenefits and constraints of qualitative and quantitative research methods in economics and management science
Benefits and constraints of qualitative and quantitative research methods in economics and management science It is often not an easy task, especially for budding researchers, to choose the optimal research
More informationPRINCIPLES OF EMPIRICAL SCIENCE: A REMINDER
PRINCIPLES OF EMPIRICAL SCIENCE: A REMINDER D.Gile daniel.gile@yahoo.com www.cirinandgile.com 1 Speaker s bias - Initial training in mathematics - Also training in sociology (empirical studies orientation)
More informationDEH 100 CURRENT ISSUES AND ETHICS IN DENTAL HYGIENE
DEH 100 CURRENT ISSUES AND ETHICS IN DENTAL HYGIENE PRESENTED AND APPROVED: JANUARY 10, 2013 EFFECTIVE: SPRING 2012-13 Prefix & Number DEH 100 Course Title: Current Issues and Ethics in Dental Hygiene
More informationTHE SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW
THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW 1. The Universe Is Understandable. 2. The Universe Is a Vast Single System In Which the Basic Rules Are Everywhere the Same. 3. Scientific Ideas Are Subject To Change. 4. Scientific
More informationWither Participation and Empowerment?
American Journal of Community Psychology, VoL 18, No. 1, 1990 Wither Participation and Empowerment? Richard H. Price I University of Michigan These articles represent a convergence of community research
More informationWhat Causes war? C h. 1 : T e r m i n o l o g y & Methodology. Notes by Denis Bašić
What Causes war? C h. 1 : T e r m i n o l o g y & Methodology Notes by Denis Bašić What is called wisdom is concerned with primary causes. Aristotle The Scientific Method: Theory Theories in the social
More informationMODULE 6 WORK CULTURE AND LEADERSHIP ETHICS
MODULE 6 WORK CULTURE AND LEADERSHIP ETHICS Ed RANDELL CONTENTS OF THIS MODULE Ethics and Laboratory Medicine Defining Ethical Leadership The Foundations of Ethical Leadership in the Clinical Laboratory
More informationResearch Methodology in Social Sciences. by Dr. Rina Astini
Research Methodology in Social Sciences by Dr. Rina Astini Email : rina_astini@mercubuana.ac.id What is Research? Re ---------------- Search Re means (once more, afresh, anew) or (back; with return to
More informationSystems Theory: Should Information Researchers Even Care?
Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) SAIS 2016 Proceedings Southern (SAIS) 2016 Systems Theory: Should Information Researchers Even Care? Kane J. Smith Virginia Commonwealth
More informationCritical Thinking and Reading Lecture 15
Critical Thinking and Reading Lecture 5 Critical thinking is the ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons. (Wade and Tavris, pp.4-5)
More informationWork, Employment, and Industrial Relations Theory Spring 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 15.676 Work, Employment, and Industrial Relations Theory Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.
More informationA Model of Integrated Scientific Method and its Application for the Analysis of Instruction
A Model of Integrated Scientific Method and its Application for the Analysis of Instruction i 1997 : A PhD dissertation submitted by Craig F. Rusbult, under the supervision of Professor James H. Stewart,
More information1. A Proceed cautiously. If a scenario is legal and profitable, one should proceed with caution as it may be infringing on ethical grounds.
www.liontutors.com BA 342 Exam 1 Fall 2018 - Practice Exam Solutions 1. A Proceed cautiously. If a scenario is legal and profitable, one should proceed with caution as it may be infringing on ethical grounds.
More informationField 052: Social Studies Psychology Assessment Blueprint
Field 052: Social Studies Psychology Assessment Blueprint Domain I Psychological Concepts and Research Skills 0001 Psychological Terms, Concepts, and Perspectives (Standard 1) 0002 Psychology Research
More informationKarl Popper is probably the most influential philosopher
S T A T I S T I C S W I T H O U T T E A R S Hypothesis testing, type I and type II errors Amitav Banerjee, U. B. Chitnis, S. L. Jadhav, J. S. Bhawalkar, S. Chaudhury 1 Department of Community Medicine,
More informationPerspectives on Methodology in Consumer Research
Perspectives on Methodology in Consumer Research Perspectives on Methodology in Consumer Research Edited by David Brinberg and Richard 1. Lutz With 32 Figures Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg
More informationCSC2130: Empirical Research Methods for Software Engineering
CSC2130: Empirical Research Methods for Software Engineering Steve Easterbrook sme@cs.toronto.edu www.cs.toronto.edu/~sme/csc2130/ 2004-5 Steve Easterbrook. This presentation is available free for non-commercial
More informationCollege of Arts and Sciences. Psychology
100 INTRODUCTION TO CHOLOGY. (4) An introduction to the study of behavior covering theories, methods and findings of research in major areas of psychology. Topics covered will include the biological foundations
More informationThe Steps for Research process THE RESEARCH PROCESS: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT. Theoretical Framework
The Steps for Research process 1 2 THE RESEARCH PROCESS: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 4 Theoretical Framework Theoretical Framework 4 Basic steps: Identify and label the variables
More informationGroup Assignment #1: Concept Explication. For each concept, ask and answer the questions before your literature search.
Group Assignment #1: Concept Explication 1. Preliminary identification of the concept. Identify and name each concept your group is interested in examining. Questions to asked and answered: Is each concept
More informationThe four chapters in Part I set the stage. Chapter 1 moves from the implicit common sense theories of everyday life to explicit theories that are
Preface This volume is designed as a basic text for upper level and graduate courses in contemporary sociological theory. Most sociology programs require their majors to take at least one course in sociological
More informationHypothesis-Driven Research
Hypothesis-Driven Research Research types Descriptive science: observe, describe and categorize the facts Discovery science: measure variables to decide general patterns based on inductive reasoning Hypothesis-driven
More informationPrinciples of Sociology
Principles of Sociology DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS ATHENS UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS [Academic year 2017/18, FALL SEMESTER] Lecturer: Dimitris Lallas Principles of Sociology 4th Session Sociological
More informationRequirements. Elective Courses (minimum 9 cr.) Psychology Major. Capstone Sequence (14 cr.) Required Courses (21 cr.)
PSYCHOLOGY, B.A. Requirements Total minimum number of credits required for a major in leading to the B.A. degree 120. Total minimum number of credits for a minor in psychology 18. Total minimum number
More informationA Model of Unethical Usage of Information Technology
Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) AMCIS 2005 Proceedings Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) 2005 A Model of Unethical Usage of Information Technology Sutirtha
More informationIt s the Organization! Clinical Ethics and Consultation at the Intersection of Institutional Practice
It s the Organization! Clinical Ethics and Consultation at the Intersection of Institutional Practice Call for Abstracts Starts 23 June 2018 Ends 31 October 2018 You are invited to submit a proposal for
More informationOn Trust. Massimo Felici. Massimo Felici On Trust c
On Trust Massimo Felici Outline 1 What is Trust? Trust matters Trust problems Seeking an Experimental Trust Framework Trust and Dependability Directions for future work What is Trust? 2 Constructive Trust
More informationGOLDSMITHS Research Online Article (refereed)
GOLDSMITHS Research Online Article (refereed) Davies, Martin F. Irrational beliefs and unconditional self-acceptance. II. Experimental evidence linking two key features of REBT Originally published in
More informationStudent Name: XXXXXXX XXXX. Professor Name: XXXXX XXXXXX. University/College: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
1 Student Name: XXXXXXX XXXX Professor Name: XXXXX XXXXXX University/College: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Knowledge Research Assessment Philosophy Research Philosophical research, even before it had a name, existed
More informationModels of Causality and Explanation in Economics
Models of Causality and Explanation in Economics Alessio Moneta Scuola Superiore Sant Anna a.moneta@santannapisa.it PhD in Economics Course March 2019 Second Lecture: M. Friedman Milton Friedman s Methodology
More informationLesson 1 Understanding Science
Lesson 1 Student Labs and Activities Page Content Vocabulary 6 Lesson Outline 7 Content Practice A 9 Content Practice B 10 School to Home 11 Key Concept Builders 12 Enrichment 16 Challenge 17 Scientific
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY Graduate Course Syllabus 2018-2019 Philosophy 9213B Philosophy of Scientific Experimentation Winter Term 2019 Thurs. 2:30 p.m.-5:30 p.m. STVH-1145
More informationINTRODUCTION. Evidence standards for justifiable evidence claims, June 2016
EVIDENCE STANDARDS: A DIMENSIONS OF DIFFERENCE FRAMEWORK FOR APPRAISING JUSTIFIABLE EVIDENCE CLAIMS 1 David Gough, EPPI-Centre, SSRU, UCL Institute of Education, University College London INTRODUCTION
More informationPredicting the Truth: Overcoming Problems with Poppers Verisimilitude Through Model Selection Theory
Acta Cogitata Volume 4 Article 5 : Overcoming Problems with Poppers Verisimilitude Through Model Selection Theory K. Raleigh Hanson Washington State University Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/ac
More informationSocial Research Strategies
Bryman: Social Research Methods: 3e Chapter 1 Social Research Strategies Authored by Susie Scott What is a theory? Theory and research explanation of observed regularities provides a rationale for the
More informationBasics of philosophy of science
23E80101 Qualitative Business Research Methods Basics of philosophy of science Ilona Mikkonen, DSc. Philosophy Philosophy in general means study of very fundamental human problems e.g. existence, knowledge,
More informationSelf-respect as a normative foundation to integrate integrity in responsible leadership
Self-respect as a normative foundation to integrate integrity in responsible leadership European Business Ethics Network Research Conference Dublin, 8 th June 2011 Dr. Ganesh Nathan University of Applied
More informationPLANS AND THE REPRESENTATION OF ACTS
States such as: believe, know, expect,... (4) Dispositional Properties such as: can, ought,... (5) Motivational States such as: want, desire,... (6) Role Relations such as: father of, friend of,... and
More information