5/8/2013. Recognize, Respond to and Prevent the Publication of Research Misconduct. Overview

Transcription

1 The American Physiological Society Recognize, Respond to and Prevent the Publication of Research Misconduct Christina N. Bennett, PhD Publications Ethics Manager American Physiological Society Bethesda, Maryland CSE 2013 Montreal, CA Overview Background on the APS Role of the Publications Ethics Manager Examples of how we include publication ethics review in our workflow About the APS The American Physiological Society (APS) founded in 1887 Serves approximately 11,000 members Programs support science education, research, policy, and professional development Holds a large annual meeting and several small conferences Publishes 14j journals AJP started in 1898 Visit us: aps.org 1

2 APS publishes 14 peer-reviewed journals AJP-Cell Physiology AJP-Endocrinology and Metabolism AJP-GI and Liver Physiology AJP-Heart and Circulatory Physiology AJP-Lung Molecular and Cellular Physiology AJP-Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology AJP- Renal Physiology Journal of Neurophysiology Journal of Applied Physiology Physiological Genomics Advances in Physiology Education Physiology Physiological Reviews Physiological Reports (NEW) ~ 3700 articles published per year APS ethics queries doubled in three years Total number of ethics queries Growing concerns about: consistency in process between journals clarity of journal policies time to resolution communication between journals and institutions APS authors in the news (Via ORI and Retraction Watch) p 2

3 COPE: Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers Publishers should work with journal editors to: Communicate journal policies Review journal policies periodically Maintain the integrity of the academic record Assist the parties responsible for the investigation of suspected research and publication misconduct and, where possible, facilitate in the resolution of these cases Publish corrections, clarifications, and retractions COPE website: Publicationethics.org APS revisited ethics policies and restructured ethics query process Before Publication educate editors educate reviewers educate authors review digital images review text Published Article After Publication fewer postpublication corrections Held ethics retreat for Editors in Chief Revised author guidelines Drafted template letters for ethics concerns Established digital art review process Proactively enforced ethics policies APS created a new position to manage ethics concerns: Publications Ethics Manager Publications ethics manager roles are to: Address publication ethics concerns consistently and fairly Facilitate query process efficiently Update and revise ethics policies and author guidelines Promote best practice in publication ethics Started January 2011 PhD trained scientist Full time In- house 3

4 Ethics manager pre-publication responsibilities Digital image review at acceptance splicing, duplication, extreme contrast adjustment Plagiarism checks at submission review articles EIC/AE/reviewer/staff concerns duplicate publication assess concerns plagiarism recommend next steps image manipulation seek clarification human/animal study protocols request revisions authorship ethically reject contact institution Digital Image Review Process Acceptance letter sent to authors Image Review Published online in AiPS (early view) Digital (photograph) image review process Zoom in on images in the PDF (200%) Adjust contrast/ brightness Apply ORI forensic tools in Photoshop Published online/print (copy-edited format) 4

5 Initial review Zoom in on the images in the PDF Zoom In to 200% hard lines? discontinuity between features? Similarity between features? Editor and Reviewer Friendly (Adobe Acrobat 8 Professional) In depth review Photoshop with ORI tools Forensic Actions provide tools to visualize the composition of digital images. **Download tools at ORI website** Shadow and colorize details Solarize margins/edges Colorize shape and detail Gradient Map actions Enhance weak features Office of Research Integrity Forensic Actions Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended Same image, different tools Shadow and colorize details Solarize margins/edges Colorize shape and detail Gradient Map actions Enhance weak features 5

6 In depth review Use of ORI tools Gradient map actions Office of Research Integrity Forensic Actions Inquiry process Discuss specific concern assume innocent error (editor, staff, director, expert) Request explanation/ additional materials from authors (template letters/ original captures) Evaluate response (editor, staff, director, expert) Determine adequate resolution (template letters) Presentation error template letter corresponding author note article and concern state policy information requested journal logistics 6

7 submitted figure Provide a figure document Ensures that the author sees what you see art review Hard lines, see arrows, suggest splicing. Request original capture to confirm composition. Notes the art reviewer s concerns States what is needed to assess the concern Ethics manager post-publication responsibilities Reader queries scorned authors whistleblowers (named) article errors Clare Francis (anonymous) concerns Institutional investigation findings assess concern recommend next steps seek clarification request corrigenda request retractions Tips to incorporate ethics reviews in your publishing workflow 1. Raise editors and reviewers awareness CSE Whitepaper, COPE website, Retraction Watch 2. Determine type of pre publication ethics review needed COI s, text, t images, stats, tt etc. 3. Update ethics policies and author guidelines 4. Develop a standard process to assess and address ethics concerns Template letters, process flow charts, experts on call 7

8 Thank you! Any Questions? American Physiological Society Christina N. Bennett, PhD Special thanks to: Marty Frank, PhD, APS Executive Director Rita Scheman, APS Executive Editor and Director of Publications Hershel Raff, PhD, APS Publications Committee Chair Editors in Chief of APS Journals Chris Michaels, APS Ethics Office Assistant Eric Pesanelli, Art Manager Steve Strumpf, Art Editor Damon Hurbon, Art Editor Ben Weston, Art Editor 8