Positive Psychology. Barbara Cherry CSUF, Department of Psychology Gerontology Academic Program OLLI Retirement Boot Camp

Transcription

1 Positive Psychology Barbara Cherry CSUF, Department of Psychology Gerontology Academic Program 2016 OLLI Retirement Boot Camp

2 Positive Psychology: What is it? Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000 The Science of Happiness The study of Positive emotions Positive character traits Enabling institutions

3 In other words. Create a practice of making people lastingly happier

4 Background The Nun Study Carstensen s Socio-Emotional Selectivity Theory

5 Six Virtues Wisdom Courage Humanity Justice Temperance Transcendence

6 Six Virtues: 24 Character Strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) Wisdom/Knowledge Creativity Curiosity Open-mindedness Love of learning Perspective Courage Authenticity Bravery Persistence Zest

7 Character Strengths Humanity Kindness Love Social Intelligence Justice Fairness Leadership Teamwork

8 Character Strengths (con t.) Temperance Forgiveness Modesty Prudence Self-regulation Transcendence Appreciation of beauty and excellence Gratitude Hope Humor Religiousness

9 The Research Happiness defined (Seligman, 2002; Peterson et al., 2005) Positive emotion and pleasure (the pleasant life) Engagement (the engaged life) Meaning (the meaningful life) Happy people are healthier, more successful, and more socially engaged. (Seligman et al., 2005, p.414)

10 Initial Study Randomized controlled trial 577 adult participants (42% male) 64% between 35 and 54 years of age Internet study 5 happiness exercises 1 placebo exercise Measured happiness at pre-test, post-test, 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months

11 Measuring Happiness Steen Happiness Index Adapted from Beck Depression Inventory 20 questions Three kinds of happy life: pleasant, engaged, meaningful Range of scores for each statement: 1 5 Bored Fascinated

12 STEEN HAPPINESS INDEX INSTRUCTIONS: Please read each group of statements carefully. Then pick the one statement in each group that best describes the way you have been feeling for the past week, including today. Be sure to read all of the statements in each group before making your choice. Question 1 A. I dislike my daily routine. (1) B. I neither enjoy nor dislike my daily routine. (2) C. I enjoy my daily routine, but I do like to get away from it. (3) D. I enjoy my daily routine so much that I rarely take breaks from it. (4) E. I enjoy my daily routine so much that I almost never take breaks from it. (5)

13 Happiness Exercises Gratitude visit Write and deliver a letter of gratitude Three good things in life Write down 3 things each day that went well and why You at your best Write about when you were at your best and reflect on personal strengths in the story. Review story each day.

14 Happiness Exercises (con t.) Identifying signature strengths (top five) Use one of these each day in a new and different way. Using signature strengths Use five highest strengths more often during the next week.

15 Placebo Exercise Early memories Write about your early memories every night for one week.

16 Results Gratitude Gratitude Placebo Pre-test Post-test One week One month

17 Results Three good things Three things Placebo One week One month 3 months 6 months

18 Results Using signature strengths Strengths Placebo One week One month 3 months 6 months

19 Conclusions Gratitude -- highest increase in happiness Lasting happiness Three good things Using signature strengths Those who persisted with exercises showed highest gain

20 Considerations Benefits without on-the-ground treatment Cost-effective Health benefits in an easy-to-deliver way

21 CSUF Positive Psychology Research Fibromyalgia & Chronic Pain Center Study Jessie Jones, Health Science Dana Rutledge, School of Nursing Laura Zettel-Watson, Psychology; Gerontology Debbie Rose, Kinesiology Jordan Aquino, Health Science Jennifer Piazza, Health Science Phyllis Talarico, FM support group leader

22 Longitudinal Study Overview Participants FM 76 non-fm FM 51 non-fm FM 57 non-fm FM 45 non-fm 2016 Measures Medical history, medications, BMI, physical activity level (RAPA), MOS social support survey 19 symptoms (NFMAQ), Composite Physical Function, Beck Depression Inventory Cognitive, physical performance

23 Cognitive Assessments

24 CERAD 10-item word list Immediate recall Trials 1, 2, 3 Delayed recall Recognition

25 Physical Performance

26 Physical Performance--Balance

27 Cognitive and Physical Questions Describe your experience with concentration problems over the past week. Describe your experience with forgetfulness over the past week. Functional limitations: How well can you perform tasks such as dressing, bathing, going up and down stairs, light housekeeping, walking two blocks.

28 2014 Current Research Q Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) 10 statements ask about positive mood 10 statements ask about positive mood Rate statements from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely) Does higher positive affect predict better cognitive and physical health?

29 Table 1.Participant characteristics by group. Healthy Controls FM a Group (n = 44 ) (n = 50) Variable/Group M/% (SD) M/% (SD) Age (years) 72.4 (9.0) c 63.6 (7.4) Gender (% female) 66.0 b Education (years) 16.2 (1.9) 15.4 (2.1) Positive Affect (PANAS) a 35.1 (7.5) 32.2 (7.7) Negative Affect (PANAS) a 12.4 (3.0) c 16.0 (6.0) a FM: Fibromyalgia; PANAS: Positive and Negative Affect Scale; CERAD: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer s Disease. b p <.01; c p <.001.

30 Table 1. Participant characteristics by group Healthy Controls FM a Group (n = 44 ) (n = 50) Variable M/% (SD) M/% (SD) CERAD a Immediate Recall 19.6 (3.7) 21.2 (4.8) CERAD a Delayed Recall 5.9 (2.4) 6.5 (2.5) CERAD a Delayed 19.2 (1.4) 19.3 (1.3) Recognition Concentration Problems 1.6 (2.5) c 5.2 (3.0) 30s Chair Stand (# stands) 13.3 (4.9) 12.0 (4.8) a FM: Fibromyalgia; PANAS: Positive and Negative Affect Scale; CERAD: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer s Disease. b p <.01; c p <.001.

31 Results Regression Analyses Enter Age FM or not Positive Affect Do these influence objective cognitive and physical performance Self-report cognitive and physical function

32 Immediate Recall Age FM or not Positive affect

33 Delayed Recognition Age FM or not Positive Affect

34 Concentration Problems Age FM or not Positive affect

35 30s Chair Stand Lower Body Strength Age FM or not Positive Affect

36 Trends for Positive Affect and. Delayed Recall Balance Problems Forgetting 30 ft walk Composite Physical Function

37 Conclusions Positive affect makes a difference in both cognitive and physical health Both performance and self-report Provides an easy and cost-effective means for staying healthy

38 Cognitive Aging How to Build a Better Brain

39 Road Map Cognition Cognitive Reserve Telomeres Epigenetics Building a better brain Engage in meaningful activities Get moving Learn something new Be happy

40 Cognition

41 Cognitive and Neural Reserve

42 Cognitive Reserve Employment Health Behaviors Social Support Activity Levels Neurobiology Gender Genetics Telomeres Education Race SES Culture Diet Lifestyle Patterns

43 Telomeres

44 Epigenetics

45 Building Cognitive Reserve Engage in meaningful activities Get moving Learn something new Be happy

46 Robot & Frank

47 The USC Well Elderly Study Research Program Randomized clinical trials of an activity-based intervention Well Elderly to month intervention Delivered in English/Mandarin Well Elderly to month intervention Delivered in English/Spanish

48 Well Elderly Studies I and II Lifestyle Redesign Intervention Lifestyle focused (activity based) group and individual sessions Lifestyle Redesign is the process of infusing healthy and meaningful activities into dayto-day routines

49 Well Elderly 1 Design Month 1 15 Occupational Therapy 9 Intervention Follow Social Group Control No Treatment Control Follow Health Care Utilization Data Collection

50 Well Elderly Study II Pre-Post Intervention All Participants Receiving Intervention Month Group A Intervention Group B Control Group B Intervention

51 Well Elderly Study II: Pre-Post Intervention All Participants Receiving Intervention (n = 326) Health-Related Quality of Life - SF36V2 Mental Health Social Function *** * Life Satisfaction - LSI-Z Depression - CES-D Vitality ** Cognition Bodily Pain *** Memory - CERAD Composite: Mental ** Immediate Recall ** Composite: Physical ** Delayed Recall ** General Health * Recognition ns Physical Function ** Visual Search Role Emotional * Psychomotor Speed * Role Physical ns ** ** ***

52 Well Elderly Study II Conclusions No significant direct effects of the intervention Effects on physical and cognitive health were indirect due to increases in activity Activity-related measures Activity frequency Activity purpose

53 Path Analysis Activity Frequency Activity Purpose LSI-Z CES-D Program SF-36v2 Physical Active Coping SF-36v2 Mental Social Support Covariates Age Gender Education Ethnicity Perceived Control Non-significant Relationships Significant Relationships

54 Meaningful Activities Activities that can be done in one hour or less Activities that can be done in one day or less Activities that require more than one day

55 Building Cognitive Reserve Engage in meaningful activities Get moving Learn new things Be happy

56 Sitting is the new smoking

57 Take the stairs Keep moving! Park farther from the door Walk a dog borrow a dog walk a cat

58 Building Cognitive Reserve Engage in meaningful activities Get moving Learn new things! Be happy

59 Nifty after Fifty Brain Games Posit Brain Fitness Program Wii Or. visit your computer Google: free brain exercises

60 p.org/games?campaign URL=KNC&cmp=KNC- ADOBE-Bing-DSO-BRN- LAUNCH- GAMES&s_kwcid=AL!45 20!10! ! &ef_id=Utbl ZAAAAHGuqES6: :s Brain Exercises

61 Building Cognitive Reserve Engage in meaningful activities Get moving Learn something new Be happy

62 Be Happy