Data = collections of observations, measurements, gender, survey responses etc. Sample = collection of some members (a subset) of the population
|
|
- Annis Sutton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 1: Basic Ideas 1.1 Sampling Statistics = the Science of Data By collecting a limited amount of data, we want to say something about the whole group that we want to study, i.e. we want to say something about the population. Data = collections of observations, measurements, gender, survey responses etc. Population = complete collection of all individuals to be studied Census = collection of data from every member of the population Sample = collection of some members (a subset) of the population Ex) The magazine, The Book Literary Digest, correctly predicted the presidential elections in 1916, 20, 24, 28, and 32. In 1936, the magazine sent out 10 million ballots. Of the 2,221,566 ballots that were returned: 1,293,669 ballots were for Landon (57%) 927,897 ballots were for Roosevelt (43%) The actual results were: Landon 37%, Roosevelt 63% During the same election, George Gallup used a much smaller poll of 50,000 subjecs. He correctly prediced the win. A SAMPLE NEEDS TO REPRESENT THE POPULATION AS A WHOLE!!! The sampling method is very important. Types of Samples 1. Simple Random Sampling of size n: Each sample of size n is equally likely to be picked. Number each individual of the population, then randomly select n of these numbers. A simple random sample is like a lottery. 2. Sample of Convenience: A sample not drawn by a well-defined random method. 3. Stratified Sampling: The population is divided into groups called strata. A simple random sample is drawn from each strata. 4. Cluster Sampling: Divide the population into groups, then randomly sample (pick) some of those clusters.
2 Ex) Exit polls during elections: randomly pick a certain number of precincts, then poll every voter in those precincts. 5. Systematic Sampling: Population individuals are numbered. Randomly pick a starting point. The sample every kth item after that. 6. Voluntary Response Sampling: Tweets as feedback to a TV program, calls into a radio station to say what listeners think about a topic etc. Exercises 1.1: : 21 Simple random sample: Draw a simple random sample of eight animals from the list of 40 animals in the table 1.1: 22 Draw a sample of eight animals by drawing a simple random sample of two animals from each group. What kind of sample is this?
3 1.1: 23 Draw a simple random sample of two groups of animals from the four groups, and construct a sample of 20 animals by including all the animals in the sampled groups. What kind of sample is this? 1.1: 24 Choose a random number between 1 and 5. Include the animal with that number in your sample, along with every fifth animal thereafter, to construct a sample of eight animals. What kind of sample is this? 1.2 Types of Data Data Set = The information collected during sampling. Individuals = Single members of a population from which data is collected Ex) A single student, if the population is all students Variables = The different types of data or characteristics collected from an individual Ex) Age, Height, weight, eyecolor, number of years in college etc Data = Values of the variables collected Qualitative versus Quantitative Variables A. Qualitative Variables = Classify individuals into categories (data is non-numerical) Ex) Eye color, hair color, political party affiliation, number on soccer jersey, letter grade 1. Ordinal variables: have a natural numbering Ex) letter grade received, placement, size of a drink (small, medium, large) 2. Nominal variables: Qualitative variables that do not have a natural numbering Ex) eye color, hair color, party affiliation
4 B. Quantitative Variables = numerical variables (counts or measures) Ex) Age, Height, weight, GPA, distance to work etc. 1. Discrete variables: Quantitative variables whose possible values can be listed Ex) Number of automobiles in a family, Number of kids, age 2. Continuous variables: Quantitative variables that can take on any value in some interval Ex) Height, weight, distance to work, amount of water used by a family 1.2: Determine whether the data described are qualitative or quantitative. 16. Your best friend s age 18. The title of your statistics book 20. The waist size of a pair of jeans 22. Your school colors 24. The number of cars sold by a car dealer last month 1.2: Determine whether the data described are nominal or ordinal. 26. The names of the counties in a state 30. I ordered a pizza with pepperoni, mushrooms, olives, and onions. 32. I finished first in the high jump and third in the pole vault. 1.2: Determine whether the data described are discrete or continuous. 34. The distance from a student s home to his school 36. The number of students enrolled at a college 38. The number of patients who reported that a new drug had relieved their pain 1.3 Design of Experiments Outcome = What is measured on each experimental unit Treatments = Procedures applied to each experimental unit. Randomized Experiment = A study in which the investigator assigns the treatments to the experimental units at random. Observational Study = The assignment to treatment groups is not made by the investigator. Double-Blind Experiments = Neither the investigators nor the subjects know who has been assigned to which treatment
5 Confounding = A confounder is a variable that is related to both the treatment and the outcome. They are common in observational studies as the researcher does not have much control of the experimental units. When a confounder is present, it is difficult to determine whether differences in the outcome are due to the treatment or to the confounder (= some other factor that might affect the outcome). 1.3: Determine whether the data described are qualitative or quantitative. 18. A medical researcher wants to determine whether exercising can lower blood pressure. At a health fair, he measures the blood pressure of 100 individuals, and interviews them about their exercise habits. He divides the individuals into two categories: those whose typical level of exercise is low, and those whose level of exercise is high. a. Is this a randomized experiment or an observational study? b. The subjects in the low-exercise group had considerably higher blood pressure, on the average, than subjects in the high-exercise group. The researcher concluded that exercise decreases blood pressure. Is this conclusion well justified? Explain. 20. An agricultural scientist wants to determine the effect of fertilizer type on the yield of tomatoes. There are four types of fertilizer under consideration. She plants tomatoes on four plots of land. Each plot is treated identically except for receiving a different type of fertilizer. a. What are the treatments? b. Is this a randomized experiment or an observational study? c. The yields differ substantially among the four plots. Can you conclude that the differences in yield are due to the differences in fertilizer? Explain. 22. Cold medications: A scientist wants to determine whether a new cold medicine relieves symptoms more effectively than a currently used medicine. Do you think it is possible to design a randomized experiment to study this question, or will an observational study be necessary? Explain. 1.4 Bias in Studes Unbiased study: Produces the correct result on the average. Biased study: Over- or underestimates the true value Types of Bias Voluntary Response Bias Self-interest bias Social acceptability bias Leading question bias Nonresponse bias
6 Sampling bias A BIG SAMPLE DOES NOT MAKE UP FOR BIAS!! 1.4: Specify the type of bias involved. 10. To determine his constituents feelings about election reform, a politician sends a survey to people who have subscribed to his newsletter. More than 1000 responses are received. 12. A sign in a restaurant claims that 95% of their customers believe them to have the best food in the world. 14. A police department conducted a survey in which police officers interviewed members of their community to ask their opinions on the effectiveness of the police department. The police chief reported that 90% of the people interviewed said that they were satisfied with the performance of the police department. 16. To estimate the prevalence of illegal drug use in a certain high school, the principal interviewed a simple random sample of 100 students and asked them about their drug use. Five percent of the students acknowledged using illegal drugs.
Population. population. parameter. Census versus Sample. Statistic. sample. statistic. Parameter. Population. Example: Census.
Population Population the complete collection of ALL individuals (scores, people, measurements, etc.) to be studied the population is usually too big to be studied directly, then statistics is used Parameter
More informationSection 1.1 What is Statistics?
Chapter 1 Getting Started Name Section 1.1 What is Statistics? Objective: In this lesson you learned how to identify variables in a statistical study, distinguish between quantitative and qualitative variables,
More informationChapter 1 Data Collection
Chapter 1 Data Collection OUTLINE 1.1 Introduction to the Practice of Statistics 1.2 Observational Studies versus Designed Experiments 1.3 Simple Random Sampling 1.4 Other Effective Sampling Methods 1.5
More informationMATH-134. Experimental Design
Experimental Design Controlled Experiment: Researchers assign treatment and control groups and examine any resulting changes in the response variable. (cause-and-effect conclusion) Observational Study:
More informationVocabulary. Bias. Blinding. Block. Cluster sample
Bias Blinding Block Census Cluster sample Confounding Control group Convenience sample Designs Experiment Experimental units Factor Level Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population
More informationProblems for Chapter 8: Producing Data: Sampling. STAT Fall 2015.
Population and Sample Researchers often want to answer questions about some large group of individuals (this group is called the population). Often the researchers cannot measure (or survey) all individuals
More informationSta 309 (Statistics And Probability for Engineers)
Instructor: Prof. Mike Nasab Sta 309 (Statistics And Probability for Engineers) Chapter (1) 1. Statistics: The science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, analyzing numerical information called data
More informationSTATISTICS: METHOD TO GET INSIGHT INTO VARIATION IN A POPULATIONS If every unit in the population had the same value,say
STATISTICS: METHOD TO GET INSIGHT INTO VARIATION IN A POPULATIONS If every unit in the population had the same value,say everyone has the same income same blood pressure No need for statistics Statistics
More informationSampling. (James Madison University) January 9, / 13
Sampling The population is the entire group of individuals about which we want information. A sample is a part of the population from which we actually collect information. A sampling design describes
More informationMATH& 146 Lesson 4. Section 1.3 Study Beginnings
MATH& 146 Lesson 4 Section 1.3 Study Beginnings 1 Populations and Samples The population is the complete collection of individuals or objects that you wish to learn about. To study larger populations,
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics Name Period 1 1.1 Review and Preview Data: Ex: measurements, genders, survey responses Statistics: Common & Important Goal of Statistics: Population: Ex: scores, people,
More informationSampling Reminders about content and communications:
Sampling A free response question dealing with sampling or experimental design has appeared on every AP Statistics exam. The question is designed to assess your understanding of fundamental concepts such
More informationSampling and Data Collection
Sampling and Data Collection Chapter 2 Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson, you should be able to define the following vocabulary terms: Observational study Designed experiment Categorical variable
More informationQuiz 4.1C AP Statistics Name:
Quiz 4.1C AP Statistics Name: 1. The school s newspaper has asked you to contact 100 of the approximately 1100 students at the school to gather information about student opinions regarding food at your
More informationChapter 1: The Nature of Probability and Statistics
Chapter 1: The Nature of Probability and Statistics Diana Pell Section 1.1: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Statistics is the science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze,
More informationCh 1.1 & 1.2 Basic Definitions for Statistics
Ch 1.1 & 1.2 Basic Definitions for Statistics Objective A : Basic Definition A1. Definition What is Statistics? Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing data to draw
More informationBias in Sampling. MATH 130, Elements of Statistics I. J. Robert Buchanan. Fall Department of Mathematics
Bias in Sampling MATH 130, Elements of Statistics I J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Fall 2018 Bias If the results of the sample are not representative of the population, then the sample has
More informationChapter 3. Producing Data
Chapter 3. Producing Data Introduction Mostly data are collected for a specific purpose of answering certain questions. For example, Is smoking related to lung cancer? Is use of hand-held cell phones associated
More informationLecture Slides. Elementary Statistics Eleventh Edition. by Mario F. Triola. and the Triola Statistics Series 1.1-1
Lecture Slides Elementary Statistics Eleventh Edition and the Triola Statistics Series by Mario F. Triola 1.1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics 1-1 Review and Preview 1-2 Statistical Thinking 1-3
More informationChapter 1 - The Nature of Probability and Statistics
1. Statistics is the science of conducting studies to A) solve a system of equations. B) hypothesize, experiment, and form conclusions. C) collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from
More informationSampling for Success. Dr. Jim Mirabella President, Mirabella Research Services, Inc. Professor of Research & Statistics
Sampling for Success Dr. Jim Mirabella President, Mirabella Research Services, Inc. Professor of Research & Statistics Session Objectives Upon completion of this workshop, participants will be able to:
More informationMath 124: Modules 3 and 4. Sampling. Designing. Studies. Studies. Experimental Studies Surveys. Math 124: Modules 3 and 4. Sampling.
What we will do today Five Experimental Module 3 and Module 4 David Meredith Department of Mathematics San Francisco State University September 24, 2008 Five Experimental 1 Five 2 Experimental Terminology
More informationSection 6.1 Sampling. Population each element (or person) from the set of observations that can be made (entire group)
Section 6.1 Sampling Population each element (or person) from the set of observations that can be made (entire group) Sample a subset of the population Census systematically getting information about an
More informationMath 140 Introductory Statistics
Math 140 Introductory Statistics Professor Silvia Fernández Sample surveys and experiments Most of what we ve done so far is data exploration ways to uncover, display, and describe patterns in data. Unfortunately,
More informationChapter 4 Review. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Name: Class: Date: Chapter 4 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Use Scenario 4-1. The newspaper asks you to comment on their survey
More informationMath 124: Module 3 and Module 4
Experimental Math 124: Module 3 and Module 4 David Meredith Department of Mathematics San Francisco State University September 24, 2009 What we will do today Experimental 1 What we will do today Experimental
More informationChapter 1: Data Collection Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Chapter 1: Data Collection 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved 1-1 Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer
More informationMATH 2300: Statistical Methods. What is Statistics?
MATH 2300: Statistical Methods Introduction and Chapter 1 What is Statistics? What do you think of when you hear statistics? 1 What is Statistics? Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing,
More informationIntroduction to Statistics
Introduction to Statistics Topics 1-5 Nellie Hedrick Statistics Statistics is the Study of Data, it is science of reasoning from data. What does it mean by the term data? You will find that data vary and
More informationTOPIC: Introduction to Statistics WELCOME TO MY CLASS!
TOPIC: Introduction to Statistics WELCOME TO MY CLASS! Two statisticians were traveling in an airplane from Los Angeles to New York City. About an hour into the flight, the pilot announced that although
More informationaps/stone U0 d14 review d2 teacher notes 9/14/17 obj: review Opener: I have- who has
aps/stone U0 d14 review d2 teacher notes 9/14/17 obj: review Opener: I have- who has 4: You should be able to explain/discuss each of the following words/concepts below... Observational Study/Sampling
More informationChapter 3. Producing Data
Chapter 3 Producing Data Types of data collected Anecdotal data data collected haphazardly (not representative!!) Available data existing data (examples: internet, library, census bureau,.) Gather own
More informationExperimental Design There is no recovery from poorly collected data!
Experimental Design There is no recovery from poorly collected data! Vocabulary List n Look over the list of words. n Count how many you feel you know. n Place a dot on the number line above that number.
More informationUnit 3: Collecting Data. Observational Study Experimental Study Sampling Bias Types of Sampling
Unit 3: Collecting Data Observational Study Experimental Study Sampling Bias Types of Sampling Feb 7 10:12 AM The step of data collection is critical to obtain reliable information for your study. 2 Types
More informationCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike License
Author: Brenda Gunderson, Ph.D., 2015 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License:
More informationFor each of the following cases, describe the population, sample, population parameters, and sample statistics.
Chapter 5: Statistical Reasoning Section 5A Fundamentals of Statistics Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing and interpreting data Statistics is the data that describe or summarize something
More informationfull file at
Chapter 01 What Is Statistics? True / False Questions 1. A population is a collection of all individuals, objects, or measurements of interest. True False 2. Statistics are used as a basis for making decisions.
More informationSTA 291 Lecture 4 Jan 26, 2010
STA 291 Lecture 4 Jan 26, 2010 Methods of Collecting Data Survey Experiment STA 291 - Lecture 4 1 Review: Methods of Collecting Data Observational Study vs. Experiment An observational study (survey) passively
More informationSection 6.1 Sampling. Population each element (or person) from the set of observations that can be made (entire group)
Section 6.1 Sampling Population each element (or person) from the set of observations that can be made (entire group) Sample a subset of the population Census systematically getting information about an
More informationClass 1. b. Sampling a total of 100 Californians, where individuals are randomly selected from each major ethnic group.
What you need to know: Class 1 Sampling Study design The goal and importance of sampling methods Bias Sampling frame Volunteer sample Convenience sample Systematic sample Volunteer response Non-response
More informationReview+Practice. May 30, 2012
Review+Practice May 30, 2012 Final: Tuesday June 5 8:30-10:20 Venue: Sections AA and AB (EEB 125), sections AC and AD (EEB 105), sections AE and AF (SIG 134) Format: Short answer. Bring: calculator, BRAINS
More informationChapter 5: Producing Data
Chapter 5: Producing Data Key Vocabulary: observational study vs. experiment confounded variables population vs. sample sampling vs. census sample design voluntary response sampling convenience sampling
More informationThe Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka Postgraduate Diploma in Business Finance and Strategy Quantitative Methods for Business Studies Handout 01: Basic Statistics What is Statistics? Statistics
More informationWhat Is Statistics. Chapter 01. Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin
What Is Statistics Chapter 01 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. LEARNING OBJECTIVES LO 1-1 List ways that statistics is used. LO 1-2 Know the differences
More informationCHAPTER 5: PRODUCING DATA
CHAPTER 5: PRODUCING DATA 5.1: Designing Samples Exploratory data analysis seeks to what data say by using: These conclusions apply only to the we examine. To answer questions about some of individuals
More informationAP Statistics Exam Review: Strand 2: Sampling and Experimentation Date:
AP Statistics NAME: Exam Review: Strand 2: Sampling and Experimentation Date: Block: II. Sampling and Experimentation: Planning and conducting a study (10%-15%) Data must be collected according to a well-developed
More information1. If a variable has possible values 2, 6, and 17, then this variable is
Name: Date: 1. If a variable has possible values 2, 6, and 17, then this variable is A) both a continuous and a discrete variable B) a continuous variable C) neither a continuous nor a discrete variable
More informationBIAS: The design of a statistical study shows bias if it systematically favors certain outcomes.
Bad Sampling SRS Non-biased SAMPLE SURVEYS Biased Voluntary Bad Sampling Stratified Convenience Cluster Systematic BIAS: The design of a statistical study shows bias if it systematically favors certain
More informationObjectives. Data Collection 8/25/2017. Section 1-3. Identify the five basic sample techniques
Section 1-3 Objectives Identify the five basic sample techniques Data Collection In research, statisticians use data in many different ways. Data can be used to describe situations. Data can be collected
More informationChapter 5: Producing Data Review Sheet
Review Sheet 1. In order to assess the effects of exercise on reducing cholesterol, a researcher sampled 50 people from a local gym who exercised regularly and 50 people from the surrounding community
More informationDo Now Prob & Stats 8/26/14 What conclusions can you draw from this bar graph?
Do Now Prob & Stats 8/26/14 What conclusions can you draw from this bar graph? Probability & Statistics Section 1 1 What Is Statistics? Vocabulary: Statistics: the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing,
More informationPrinciple underlying all of statistics
Sampling Bias Principle underlying all of statistics Drawing inferences from a suitable sample of a population is far less labor intensive than, but can be equally as informative as, studying the entire
More informationStat 13, Intro. to Statistical Methods for the Life and Health Sciences.
Stat 13, Intro. to Statistical Methods for the Life and Health Sciences. 0. SEs for percentages when testing and for CIs. 1. More about SEs and confidence intervals. 2. Clinton versus Obama and the Bradley
More informationName: Class: Date: 1. Use Scenario 4-6. Explain why this is an experiment and not an observational study.
Name: Class: Date: Chapter 4 Review Short Answer Scenario 4-6 Read the following brief article about aspirin and alcohol. Aspirin may enhance impairment by alcohol Aspirin, a long time antidote for the
More informationOverview: Part I. December 3, Basics Sources of data Sample surveys Experiments
Overview: Part I December 3, 2012 Basics Sources of data Sample surveys Experiments 1.0 Basics Observational Units. Variables, Scales of Measurement. 1.1 Walking and Texting An article in Seattle Times
More informationChapter 7. Sampling Techniques
7-1 Chapter 7. Sampling Techniques Introduction to Sampling Distinguishing Between a Sample and a Population Simple Random Sampling Step 1. Defining the Population Step 2. Constructing a List Step 3. Drawing
More informationREVIEW FOR THE PREVIOUS LECTURE
Slide 2-1 Calculator: The same calculator policies as for the ACT hold for STT 315: http://www.actstudent.org/faq/answers/calculator.html. It is highly recommended that you have a TI-84, as this is the
More informationStatistics Mathematics 243
Statistics Mathematics 243 Michael Stob February 2, 2005 These notes are supplementary material for Mathematics 243 and are not intended to stand alone. They should be used in conjunction with the textbook
More informationSummer AP Statistic. Chapter 4 : Sampling and Surveys: Read What s the difference between a population and a sample?
Chapter 4 : Sampling and Surveys: Read 207-208 Summer AP Statistic What s the difference between a population and a sample? Alternate Example: Identify the population and sample in each of the following
More informationComparing Different Studies
32 LESSON Comparing Different Studies Types of Studies UNDERSTAND By studying a small group within a larger group, you can make inferences about the larger group. The larger group, called the population,
More informationCh. 1 Collecting and Displaying Data
Ch. 1 Collecting and Displaying Data In the first two sections of this chapter you will learn about sampling techniques and the different levels of measurement for a variable. It is important that you
More informationP. 266 #9, 11. p. 289 # 4, 6 11, 14, 17
P. 266 #9, 11 9. Election. a) Answers will vary. A component is one voter voting. An outcome is a vote for our candidate. Using two random digits, 00-99, let 01-55 represent a vote for your candidate,
More informationChapter 01 What Is Statistics?
Chapter 01 What Is Statistics? True / False Questions 1. A population is a collection of all individuals, objects, or measurements of interest. 2. Statistics are used as a basis for making decisions. 3.
More informationChapter 1: Statistical Basics
Section 1.1: What is Statistics? You are exposed to statistics regularly. If you are a sports fan, then you have the statistics for your favorite player. If you are interested in politics, then you look
More informationChapter Problem. Why was the Literary Digest poll so wrong?
Statistics 1 Suppose we want to find out how many residents of Imperial Valley believe in the statewide legalization of marijuana provided the revenue from the legalization resulted in free college tuition
More informationMathacle. PSet Stats, Concepts In Statistics Level Number Name: Date:
II. DESIGN OF STUDIES Observational studies and experiments are two types of studies that aim to describe or explain the variation of responses under the hypothesized factors, without or with manipulation.
More informationHandout 16: Opinion Polls, Sampling, and Margin of Error
Opinion polls involve conducting a survey to gauge public opinion on a particular issue (or issues). In this handout, we will discuss some ideas that should be considered both when conducting a poll and
More informationConfidence Intervals and Sampling Design. Lecture Notes VI
Confidence Intervals and Sampling Design Lecture Notes VI Statistics 112, Fall 2002 Announcements For homework question 3(b), assume that the true is expected to be about in calculating the sample size
More informationUnit 5. Thinking Statistically
Unit 5. Thinking Statistically Supplementary text for this unit: Darrell Huff, How to Lie with Statistics. Most important chapters this week: 1-4. Finish the book next week. Most important chapters: 8-10.
More informationAP Statistics Chapter 5 Multiple Choice
AP Statistics Chapter 5 Multiple Choice 1. A nutritionist wants to study the effect of storage time (6, 12, and 18 months) on the amount of vitamin C present in freeze dried fruit when stored for these
More informationTwo Branches Of Statistics
Stats 95 Two Branches Of Statistics Descriptive Organize Summarize Communicate a body of observed data Describe a Population or a Sample Inferential Using sample data to make estimates of the rest of the
More informationSection Introduction
Section 1.1 - Introduction Raw Data is data before it has been arranged in a useful manner or analyzed using statistical techniques. Statistics involves the procedures associated with the data collection
More informationAP Statistics Experimental Design. Penny Smeltzer
AP Statistics Experimental Design Penny Smeltzer First step: What are you trying to measure or count? What population are you interested in? Determine the explanatory and response variable How will you
More informationUnit 1 Exploring and Understanding Data
Unit 1 Exploring and Understanding Data Area Principle Bar Chart Boxplot Conditional Distribution Dotplot Empirical Rule Five Number Summary Frequency Distribution Frequency Polygon Histogram Interquartile
More informationSTA Module 1 Introduction to Statistics and Data
STA 2023 Module 1 Introduction to Statistics and Data 1 Learning Objectives Upon completing this module, you should be able to: 1. Classify a statistical study as either descriptive or inferential. 2.
More informationSAMPLE SURVEYS, SAMPLING TECHNIQUES, AND DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
7258da_pA01.wiley 7/12/00 6:00 PM Page 682 A SAMPLE SURVEYS, SAMPLING TECHNIQUES, AND DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS (The following content is not included in this text but is available for download on the Web
More informationSampling Controlled experiments Summary. Study design. Patrick Breheny. January 22. Patrick Breheny Introduction to Biostatistics (BIOS 4120) 1/34
Sampling Study design Patrick Breheny January 22 Patrick Breheny to Biostatistics (BIOS 4120) 1/34 Sampling Sampling in the ideal world The 1936 Presidential Election Pharmaceutical trials and children
More informationIntroduction: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking Part II
Introduction: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking Part II FREC/STAT 608 Dr. Tom Ilvento Department of Food and Resource Economics Let s Continue with our introduction We need terms and definitions
More informationUNIT I SAMPLING AND EXPERIMENTATION: PLANNING AND CONDUCTING A STUDY (Chapter 4)
UNIT I SAMPLING AND EXPERIMENTATION: PLANNING AND CONDUCTING A STUDY (Chapter 4) A DATA COLLECTION (Overview) When researchers want to make conclusions/inferences about an entire population, they often
More informationThe Nature of Probability and Statistics
Chapter 1 The Nature of Probability and Statistics Chapter 1 Overview Introduction 1-1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 1-2 Variables and Types of Data 1-3 Data Collection & Sampling Techniques 1-4
More informationVariable Data univariate data set bivariate data set multivariate data set categorical qualitative numerical quantitative
The Data Analysis Process and Collecting Data Sensibly Important Terms Variable A variable is any characteristic whose value may change from one individual to another Examples: Brand of television Height
More informationA Probability Puzzler. Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking. A Probability Puzzler. A Probability Puzzler. Statistics.
Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking FREC 408 Dr. Tom Ilvento 213 Townsend Hall Ilvento@udel.edu A Probability Puzzler Pick a number from 2 to 9. It can be 2 or it can be 9, or any number in between.
More informationI. Introduction and Data Collection B. Sampling. 1. Bias. In this section Bias Random Sampling Sampling Error
I. Introduction and Data Collection B. Sampling In this section Bias Random Sampling Sampling Error 1. Bias Bias a prejudice in one direction (this occurs when the sample is selected in such a way that
More informationDo the following review exercises at the end of Chapter 1: 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 17, and 19.
Chapter 1 Notes and elaborations for Math 1125-Introductory Statistics Assignment: Read all of Chapter 1 except for the following: you may skip the parts about nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels
More informationSociology 301. Sampling + Research Ethics + Exam Review. Non-Probability Sampling
Sociology 301 Sampling + Research Ethics + Liying Luo 03.01 Non-Probability Sampling availability sampling select units that are available or easy to find. snowball sampling begin with one member of the
More informationIS STATISTICS 100% CORRECT?
TYPES OF DATA IS STATISTICS 100% CORRECT? 2 DATA SOURSES Primary Data Collection Secondary Data Compilation Print or Electronic Observation 3 Survey Experimentation 3 TYPES OF DATA Data Categorical Numerical
More informationLecture Start
Lecture -- 5 -- Start Outline 1. Science, Method & Measurement 2. On Building An Index 3. Correlation & Causality 4. Probability & Statistics 5. Samples & Surveys 6. Experimental & Quasi-experimental Designs
More informationIn this chapter we discuss validity issues for quantitative research and for qualitative research.
Chapter 8 Validity of Research Results (Reminder: Don t forget to utilize the concept maps and study questions as you study this and the other chapters.) In this chapter we discuss validity issues for
More informationChapter 1. Where Do Data Come From? Chapter 1 1
Chapter 1 Where Do Data Come From? Chapter 1 1 Thought Question 1 From a recent study, researchers concluded that high levels of alcohol consumption resulted in lower graduation rates at colleges. How
More informationChapter 5 Review. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: Chapter 5 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The Women s Health Study randomly assigned nearly 40,000 women over the age
More informationData collection, summarizing data (organization and analysis of data) The drawing of inferences about a population from a sample taken from
1 Nature of Statistics The Study of statistics involves; Data collection, summarizing data (organization and analysis of data) and interpretation of data. The drawing of inferences about a population from
More informationProbability and Statistics Chapter 1 Notes
Probability and Statistics Chapter 1 Notes I Section 1-1 A is the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions 1 is information coming from observations,
More informationMoore, IPS 6e Chapter 03
Page 1 of 7 Moore, IPS 6e Chapter 03 Quizzes prepared by Dr. Patricia Humphrey, Georgia Southern University Researchers are studying the absorption of two drugs into the bloodstream. Each drug is to be
More informationObservational study is a poor way to gauge the effect of an intervention. When looking for cause effect relationships you MUST have an experiment.
Chapter 5 Producing data Observational study Observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses. Experiment Deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals
More information11.4. Experimental Design. Essential Question How can you use an experiment to test a conjecture?
11.4 Experimental Design Essential Question How can you use an experiment to test a conjecture? Using an Experiment Work with a partner. Standard white playing dice lightest side are manufactured with
More informationSurvey Research Methodology
Survey Research Methodology Prepared by: Praveen Sapkota IAAS, TU, Rampur Chitwan, Nepal Social research Meaning of social research A social research is a systematic method of exploring, analyzing and
More informationSTA Module 1 The Nature of Statistics. Rev.F07 1
STA 2023 Module 1 The Nature of Statistics Rev.F07 1 Learning Objectives 1. Classify a statistical study as either descriptive or inferential. 2. Identify the population and the sample in an inferential
More informationSTA Rev. F Module 1 The Nature of Statistics. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives (cont.
STA 2023 Module 1 The Nature of Statistics Rev.F07 1 Learning Objectives 1. Classify a statistical study as either descriptive or inferential. 2. Identify the population and the sample in an inferential
More informationStudy Design. Study design. Patrick Breheny. January 23. Patrick Breheny Introduction to Biostatistics (171:161) 1/34
Study design Patrick Breheny January 23 Patrick Breheny Introduction to Biostatistics (171:161) 1/34 in the ideal world In an ideal world, We have a list of everyone in the population of interest We randomly
More informationOncology Clinical Research & Race: Statistical Principles
Oncology Clinical Research & Race: Statistical Principles Daniel Sargent, PhD ALLIANCE Group Statistician November 2014 The Literary Digest predicted Alf Landon would win the presidency in 1936 1936 PRESIDENTIAL
More information