Strategies for Avoiding Plagiarism Part Two: Paraphrasing

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1 Strategies fr Aviding Plagiarism Part Tw: Paraphrasing Cpyright Heather McWhinney, 2017 Graduate Wri;ng Help Specialist, Student Learning Services

2 Learning Outcmes fr Part Tw By the end f this presenta+n, yu shuld be able t: Avid traps students fall int when paraphrasing. Write an accurate and effec+ve paraphrase.

3 Overview f Screencast (Part Tw) 1. Intrduce and define paraphrasing. 2. Explain prblems with student paraphrases. 3. Review weak and strng paraphrases. 4. Prvide +ps n hw t write a successful paraphrase.

4 Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is the expressin in yur wn wrds f the meaning f anther persn s wriqen r spken wrds. The surce must be acknwledged in an in- text cita+n. Sme prfessrs require yu t include the page number frm the riginal surce. Sme paraphrases cntain three r mre cnsecu+ve wrds frm the riginal surce. These wrds shuld be enclsed in quta+n marks and accmpanied by an in- text cita+n that includes a page number.

5 Prblems with Paraphrases Prblem 1: The paraphrase uses the same rder and sentence structure f the riginal piece, simply replacing the authr s wrds with synnyms. This is knwn as patchwrk plagiarism. Prblem 2: The paraphrase uses the same rder and sentence structure but inserts extra wrds. It is thus lnger than the riginal. Prblem 3: The paraphrase includes ideas nt expressed by the riginal authr.

6 Is this Paraphrase Acceptable? Original: The widespread deterira+n and sme recent cllapses f highway bridges (Inaudi et al., 2009) have highlighted the imprtance f develping effec+ve bridge inspec+n and maintenance strategies, including structural health and durability mnitring, which can help iden+fy structural and durability prblems befre they becme cri+cal (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011, p. 524). Paraphrase: The widespread weakening and several cllapses f highway bridges have illustrated the necessity f effec+ve inspec+n and maintenance prac+ces such as structural health and durability mnitring, bth f which can help find prblems befre they becme serius (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011). Cussn, D., Lunis, Z., & Daigle, L. (2011). Durability mnitring fr imprved service life predic+ns f cncrete bridge decks in crrsive envirnments. Cmputer- Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 26,

7 Patchwrk Plagiarism Original: The widespread deterira+n and sme recent cllapses f highway bridges (Inaudi et al., 2009) have highlighted the imprtance f develping effec+ve bridge inspec+n and maintenance strategies, including structural health and durability mnitring, which can help iden+fy structural and durability prblems befre they becme cri+cal (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011, p. 524). Paraphrase: The widespread weakening and several cllapses f highway bridges have illustrated the necessity f effec+ve inspec+n and maintenance prac+ces such as structural health and durability mnitring, bth f which can help find prblems befre they becme serius (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011). Cussn, D., Lunis, Z., & Daigle, L. (2011). Durability mnitring fr imprved service life predic+ns f cncrete bridge decks in crrsive envirnments. Cmputer- Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 26,

8 Is this Paraphrase Acceptable? Original: The widespread deterira+n and sme recent cllapses f highway bridges (Inaudi et al., 2009) have highlighted the imprtance f develping effec+ve bridge inspec+n and maintenance strategies, including structural health and durability mnitring, which can help iden+fy structural and durability prblems befre they becme cri+cal (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011, p. 524). Paraphrase: Highway bridges are highly suscep+ble t structural prblems, weakening and even cllapse (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011; Inaudi et al., 2009).Tw inspec+n and maintenance methds that can help find weaknesses at a rela+vely early stage are structural health and durability mnitring (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011). Cussn, D., Lunis, Z., & Daigle, L. (2011). Durability mnitring fr imprved service life predic+ns f cncrete bridge decks in crrsive envirnments. Cmputer- Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 26,

9 Hw Abut This One? Original: The widespread deterira+n and sme recent cllapses f highway bridges (Inaudi et al., 2009) have highlighted the imprtance f develping effec+ve bridge inspec+n and maintenance strategies, including structural health and durability mnitring, which can help iden+fy structural and durability prblems befre they becme cri+cal (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011, p. 524). Paraphrase: Many highway bridges have cllapsed due t serius structural prblems. Only tw methds f bridge inspec+n and maintenance are knwn t address these prblems: structural health mnitring and durability mnitring (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011). Cussn, D., Lunis, Z., & Daigle, L. (2011). Durability mnitring fr imprved service life predic+ns f cncrete bridge decks in crrsive envirnments. Cmputer- Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 26,

10 And This One? Original: The widespread deterira+n and sme recent cllapses f highway bridges (Inaudi et al., 2009) have highlighted the imprtance f develping effec+ve bridge inspec+n and maintenance strategies, including structural health and durability mnitring, which can help iden+fy structural and durability prblems befre they becme cri+cal (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011, p. 524). Paraphrase: Because highway bridges are subject t weakening and sme+mes t cllapse, it is cri+cal t iden+fy methds fr inspec+n and maintenance (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011; Inaudi et al., 2009). Tw such methds are structural health and durability mnitring, bth f which can detect prblems in the early stages (Cussn, Lunis, & Daigle, 2011). Cussn, D., Lunis, Z., & Daigle, L. (2011). Durability mnitring fr imprved service life predic+ns f cncrete bridge decks in crrsive envirnments. Cmputer- Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 26,

11 Tips fr Paraphrasing 1. Use a nte- taking methd t dis+nguish paraphrases yu have wriqen frm riginal quta+ns. 2. Always recrd the page number. 3. Study the riginal carefully. 4. Write the first drae f yur paraphrase withut lking at the riginal. 5. Then lk at the riginal. Is yur paraphrase sufficiently different? Des it capture the main idea? 6. Revise yur paraphrase if yu need t.

12 Reading t Paraphrase A gd paraphrase starts with careful reading. Make sure yu understand the main idea, pint r argument. Study the verbs and signal wrds t determine the rela+nships they express. Think abut synnyms that yu culd use t express these same rela+nships. The next slides prvide rela+nship clues and synnyms fr verbs and signal wrds.

13 Paraphrasing Clues: Verbs Cmmn Verbs Is; is knwn as; is called; refers t; is named; dentes Explain; elucidate; expund; explicate; clarify; cnstrue; interpret; analyze Cause; lead t; result in, trigger; prduce; affect; has an effect n; change; make; induce; influence Cmpare; cntrast; differentiate; distinguish; differ frm Relatinship Expressed Definitin; explanatin Explanatin; interpretatin; analysis Cause r effect Cmpare and cntrast

Paraphrasing Clues: Signal Wrds Cmmn Signal Wrds Because; fr; s; due t; since; as; therefre; as a result; cnsequently RelaHnship Expressed T cnnect a result t a reasn r a reasn t a result Althugh;

14 Paraphrasing Clues: Signal Wrds Cmmn Signal Wrds Because; fr; s; due t; since; as; therefre; as a result; cnsequently RelaHnship Expressed T cnnect a result t a reasn r a reasn t a result Althugh; hwever; but; yet; in spite (f); despite; ntwithstanding While; whereas; in cntrast; n the ther hand T; in rder t/that; s that Similarly, Bth... and; neither... Nr; T express a cntradic+n; par+al cntrast; adversarial rela+nship r cncessin T cntrast; direct ppsites T shw a purpse T cmpare Such as, including, fr example, fr instance T shw examples

15 Are These Paraphrases Acceptable? Original Quta<n: [M]any nrthern, remte and Indigenus cmmuni+es in Canada are nt cnnected t electricity grids, and instead rely n expensive and pllu+ng diesel genera+n t heat and light their hmes and buildings. (Gvernment f Canada, n.d., para. 10). Paraphrase 1 : Uncnnected t the electricity grid, numerus islated, nrthern and indigenus lcales in Canada must generate pwer with diesel, which is cstly and pllu+ng. (Gvernment f Canada, n.d.). Paraphrase 2 : Since they are nt linked t the energy grid, numerus nrthern and indigenus cmmuni+es in remte parts f Canada derive their pwer frm cstly and pllu+ng diesel fuel (Gvernment f Canada, n.d.). Gvernment f Canada. (n.d.). Electricity. Retrieved frm hqps:// ac+n/federal- ac+ns- clean- grwth- ecnmy/electricity.html.

16 Summary T avid plagiarizing, learn t paraphrase. Use a methd t dis+nguish yur ntes, paraphrases, summaries and quta+ns; recrd the page number. Read carefully: cnsider rela+nships, ways t rerder the riginal, synnyms and specialized terms. Write yur paraphrase withut lking at the riginal.

Success Criteria: Extend your thinking:

Success Criteria: Extend your thinking: Discussin Directr Yur jb is t invlve thers in cnversatin abut the text by getting them t think and talk abut the BIG IDEAS in the chapter/ sectin they have just read. Cmpse 5 questins that yu want t discuss