Developmental Psychology and Learning SOCIAL EDUCATION COURSE Academic year 2014/2015
|
|
|
- Justina Nash
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Developmental Psychology and Learning SOCIAL EDUCATION COURSE Academic year 2014/2015 EXTENDED SUMMARY Lesson #6 Monday, Oct. 27 th 2014: 19:00/21:00 Friday, Oct. 31 th 2014, 09:00/11:00 LESSON PLAN: HUMAN LEARNING GENERAL ASPECTS LEARNING FROM A BEHAVIOURIST POINT OF VIEW CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (PAVLOV) OPERANT CONDITIONING (SKINNER) LEARNING BY OBSERVATION OF MODELS (BANDURA) SUMMARY HUMAN LEARNING GENERAL ASPECTS GENERAL DEFINITION OF LEARNING: LEARNING common-sense notion of learning covers a limited scope:-usually associated with o school materials; o mastery of a skill or specific activity. DEFINITION: - WHAT LEARNING IS changes arising from the experience of the individual, that is, of what happens to him, of the stimuli and conditions offered by the environment in which the person lives.
2 DEFINITION: WHAT IS NOT: learning is not something that can only be found in contexts of education, but rather something that happens on an ongoing basis and continuously every day of our lives; is not limited to something that is "correct"; does not have to be deliberate or conscious - we don't realize most of the stuff we've learned; does not involve only the acquisition of knowledge or motor skills - emotions and attitudes are also learned. DIVERSITY OF LEARNING CONCEPTS IN PSYCHOLOGY: different schools and lines of thought in and psychology have different definitions of learning or, at least, emphasize different elements in their definitions; Common elements: o all models of learning include the notions of change and experience. Distinctive elements: o behaviorist theories see learning as a change in behavior observable responses; o cognitivist theories see the behavior change as only a reflection of internal change that took place in the cognitive system of the person. DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE BEHAVIOUR AND COGNITIVE MODELS Notion of learning BEHAVIORISM COGNITIVISM Change of behaviour defined as Change of insights, of points of physical, visible, reaction to an external view or in solvin problems. stimulus. Restructuring of the cognitive Increase the intensity of the system of the subject. relationship of certain stimuli with certain responses (S-R). Role of the subjcet Basic condition of learning Global appreciation The subject is passive; The relation with environment is mechanical in nature The subject only reacts to stimulus. Repeated presentation of environmental stimuli: The power of stimulation. Focuses on change of observable behaviors - action over exterior conditions. The subject is active; The relation with environment is an interactive process; The intention of the subject, even involuntary, of making sense of what appears as incoherent. Focuses on change of mental processes of knowing and thinking, - the meaning that tasks have to the subject. Extended summary: Lesson #6 pg. 2
3 LEARNING FROM A BEHAVIOURIST POINT OF VIEW CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (PAVLOV) Classical conditioning is a form of associative learning, learning produced by the pairing of stimuli and responses in time and place. It contributes to likes and dislikes, emotional reactions, and reflex-like responses to things. RELEVANT AUTHORS CONTEXTUALIZATION Ivan Petrovich PAVLOV Pavlov's initial concern was to study the physiology of digestion; Influenced and defined the foundations of American Behaviorism; Influenced popular culture. BASIC NOTIONS AND CONCEPTS Learning results from the association between an unconditioned stimulus (US) and a conditioned stimulus, (CS) in order to produce a conditioned response (CR); The unconditional stimulus serves as reinforcement and is antecedent to the conditioned response. Four basic processes: o Acquisition:-acquisition phase represents the initial learning of conditioned response; o Extinction:-Describes the elimination of conditioned response through the repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus; o Generalization:-after an animal having learned a conditioned response to stimuli he starts responding to similar stimuli without any kind of training; Extended summary: Lesson #6 pg. 3
4 o Discrimination: it is the opposite of generalization a subject learns to produce the conditioned response to a type of stimuli, but not to a similar kind. RELEVANCE TO THE TEACHING/LEARNING PROCESS Creating positive environments in the classroom to help students overcome fears and anxieties associated with the school. OPERANT CONDITIONING (SKINNER) Operant conditioning (or instrumental conditioning) is a type of learning in which an individual's behavior is modified by its antecedents and consequences. RELEVANT AUTHORS CONTEXTUALIZATION Burrhus Frederic SKINNER Operant refers to "any acts which operates in the environment in order to generate consequences (B. F. Skinner, 1953); Social engineering is always possible someone provoke in others certain behaviors. BASIC NOTIONS AND CONCEPTS Notion of behavior: - Sequence of concrete and observable actions performed by a human or animal subject. Two categories: o Respondent behaviors: - behaviors that can be automatically triggered by a specific not learned or unconditional stimulus. o Operant behaviors: - behaviors that occur spontaneously, without having been triggered by an unconditional stimulus. Our behavior is controlled by its consequences; Learning results from the association of operative behavior to a stimulus that works as reinforcement; Reinforced behaviors tend to be maintained and increased. Extended summary: Lesson #6 pg. 4
5 For a video version: o o Types of consequences contingent to a particular behavior: Concept of reinforcement o Definition:- reinforcement is an event that increases or maintains the frequency of a behavior. o Types of reinforcement: a. Primary non conditioned: - do not need learning to exercise their reinforcing role of (food, sex, etc..) ~ Extended summary: Lesson #6 pg. 5
6 b. Secondary conditioned reinforcement:-its value is acquired by learning (money, praise, etc.). Notion of punishment o Definition: - unpleasant or painful consequence that follows a particular kind of behavior exhibited by a given person. o Types of punishments: a. Primary non conditioned punishments - don't depend on learning, such as pain or malaise or physical hunger, and b. Secondary conditioned punishments are acquired by learning, such as a verbal rebuke. Reinforcement schedules o Continuous reinforcement: - All occurrences of behavior are reinforced; a. Learning occurs quickly, but without the reinforcement, extinction occurs quickly too; b. In real life, continuous reinforcement schedules are rare. o Partial reinforcement: - Only some occurrences of behavior are reinforced; a. Learning takes longer, at first, but is more "resistant" to extinction; b. Four patterns: i. Fixed Rate Schedules - response reinforced after a certain fixed number of responses; ii. Variable- Rate schedules - response reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses; iii. Fixed Interval schedules response reinforced after a given period of time; iv. Variable-Interval schedules response reinforced after varying time intervals. RELEVÂNCIA PARA O ENSINO /APRENDIZAGEM Teaching machine For a video version: With a earlier version of the Teaching Machine o With more recent version of the Teaching Machine o Extended summary: Lesson #6 pg. 6
7 Use of punishment as a method of behavioral control o Use the punishment rarely. o Make it clear why the punishment. o Give the student a chance to provide one alternative response, and then reinforce it. o Reinforce behaviors incompatible with those we want to extinguish. o Avoid physical punishment. o Avoid punishing when you're emotionally disturbed. o Punish initial manifestations behavior. GLOBAL Operant conditioning is distinguished from classical conditioning (or respondent conditioning) in that operant conditioning deals with the reinforcement and punishment to change behavior. Operant behavior operates on the environment and is maintained by its antecedents and consequences, while classical conditioning is maintained by conditioning of reflexive (reflex) behaviors, which are elicited by antecedent conditions. Behaviors conditioned through a classical conditioning procedure are not maintained by consequences. They both, however, form the core of behavior analysis and have grown into professional practices. Faro, October 22, 2014 Professor in charge: Extended summary: Lesson #6 pg. 7
Learning. AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 5
Learning AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 5 Learning Learning is a lasting change in behavior or mental process as the result of an experience. There are two important parts: a lasting change a simple reflexive reaction
Chapter 5: How Do We Learn?
Chapter 5: How Do We Learn? Defining Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior or the potential for behavior that results from experience Results from many life experiences, not just structured
acquisition associative learning behaviorism B. F. Skinner biofeedback
acquisition associative learning in classical conditioning the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned
Classical Conditioning. Learning. Classical conditioning terms. Classical Conditioning Procedure. Procedure, cont. Important concepts
Learning Classical Conditioning Pavlov study of digestion dogs salivate before getting food learning as signal detection: emphasis on what happens before a given behavior Classical conditioning terms Stimulus:
Objectives. 1. Operationally define terms relevant to theories of learning. 2. Examine learning theories that are currently important.
Objectives 1. Operationally define terms relevant to theories of learning. 2. Examine learning theories that are currently important. Learning Theories Behaviorism Cognitivism Social Constructivism Behaviorism
Associative Learning
Learning Learning Associative Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Biological Components of Learning Cognitive Components of Learning Behavioral Therapies Associative
Psychology, Ch. 6. Learning Part 1
Psychology, Ch. 6 Learning Part 1 Two Main Types of Learning Associative learning- learning that certain events occur together Cognitive learning- acquisition of mental information, by observing or listening
Unit 06 - Overview. Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Unit 06 - Overview How We Learn and Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning s Applications, and Comparison to Classical Conditioning Biology, Cognition, and Learning Learning By
I. Classical Conditioning
Learning Chapter 8 Learning A relatively permanent change in an organism that occur because of prior experience Psychologists must study overt behavior or physical changes to study learning Learning I.
Chapter 5: Learning and Behavior Learning How Learning is Studied Ivan Pavlov Edward Thorndike eliciting stimulus emitted
Chapter 5: Learning and Behavior A. Learning-long lasting changes in the environmental guidance of behavior as a result of experience B. Learning emphasizes the fact that individual environments also play
Outline. History of Learning Theory. Pavlov s Experiment: Step 1. Associative learning 9/26/2012. Nature or Nurture
Outline What is learning? Associative Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning History of Learning Theory Nature or Nurture BEHAVIORISM Tabula Rasa Learning: Systematic,
Learning Approaches. Classical Conditioning Conditioned Stimulus (CS)... Conditioned Response (CR)... Acquisition... Extinction...
Reading: H & O Chapters 9, 10, 11 Terms you should know. J. B. Watson Pavlov Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned Response
Psychological Hodgepodge. Mr. Mattingly Psychology
Psychological Hodgepodge Mr. Mattingly Psychology The Number: Eight What is conditioning? Conditioning = learned or trained Classical Conditioning = learning procedure where associations are made Usually
an ability that has been acquired by training (process) acquisition aversive conditioning behavior modification biological preparedness
acquisition an ability that has been acquired by training (process) aversive conditioning A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such
PSYCHOLOGY. Chapter 6 LEARNING PowerPoint Image Slideshow
PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 6 LEARNING PowerPoint Image Slideshow Learning? What s that? A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice. Note that learning is NOT the same as
Conditioning and Learning. Chapter 7
Conditioning and Learning Chapter 7 Learning is knowledge of skills acquired by instruction or studying. It is a permanent change in behavior due to reinforcement. Reinforcement refers to any event that
CHAPTER 6. Learning. Lecture Overview. Introductory Definitions PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY
Learning CHAPTER 6 Write down important terms in this video. Explain Skinner s view on Free Will. Lecture Overview Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Cognitive-Social Learning The Biology of Learning
Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience or practice.
Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience or practice. What is Learning? Learning is the process that allows us to adapt (be flexible) to the changing conditions
Theories of Learning
Theories of Learning Learning Classical conditioning Classical conditioning in real life Operant conditioning Operant conditioning in real life Learning and the mind Watson s Extreme Environmentalism Give
Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience.
Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience. Classical Conditioning Learning through Association Ivan Pavlov discovered the form of learning called Classical
Unit 6 Learning.
Unit 6 Learning https://www.apstudynotes.org/psychology/outlines/chapter-6-learning/ 1. Overview 1. Learning 1. A long lasting change in behavior resulting from experience 2. Classical Conditioning 1.
Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NCSP 1
EDS 245: Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NCSP California State University, Sacramento Behavioral Interventions Behavioral Consultation and Intervention: A Credentialing Standard Standards for Graduate Preparation
Learning Habituation Associative learning Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Observational learning. Classical Conditioning Introduction
1 2 3 4 5 Myers Psychology for AP* Unit 6: Learning Unit Overview How Do We Learn? Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Learning by Observation How Do We Learn? Introduction Learning Habituation
Learning Chapter 6 1
Learning Chapter 6 1 Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience. 2 Stimulus- Stimulus Learning Learning to associate one stimulus with another. 3 Response- Consequence
I. Content Presentation. II. Learning Situation. IV. Reflection. III. Observation
I. Content Presentation II. Learning Situation III. Observation IV. Reflection Defining Learning Definition of Behaviorism Three earlier behaviorists and their contributions Ivan Pavlov B.F. Skinner E.L.
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning Classical v. Operant Conditioning Both classical and operant conditioning use acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination. Classical conditioning
What is Learning? Learning: any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
CHAPTER 5 learning What is Learning? Learning: any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice When people learn anything, some part of their brain is physically changed
Chapter 7 - Learning
Chapter 7 - Learning How Do We Learn Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Defining Learning Learning a relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience.
Learning. AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4
Learning AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4 Learning Learning is a lasting change in behavior or mental process as the result of an experience. There are two important parts: a lasting change a simple reflexive reaction
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY II
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY II THEORIES OF PERSONALITY II Learning Theory SESSION 8 2014 [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.
3. Behavioral Perspective of Learning
3. Behavioral Perspective of Learning Behavior: Big Questions Is learning just a change of behavior? Can learning happen without intent? Can new behavior be shaped by manipulating the environment? 3.1
Learning theory provides the basis for behavioral interventions. The USMLE behavioral science section always contains questions relating to learning
Learning theory provides the basis for behavioral interventions. The USMLE behavioral science section always contains questions relating to learning theory. Learning theory does not apply to behaviors
3/7/2010. Theoretical Perspectives
Theoretical Perspectives REBT (1955) Albert Ellis Action & Result Oriented Teaches how to identify self-defeating thoughts Replaces thoughts w/ life enhancing ones 1 A B C s of personality formation: A
Name: Period: Chapter 7: Learning. 5. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Name: Period: Chapter 7: Learning Introduction, How We Learn, & Classical Conditioning (pp. 291-304) 1. Learning: 2. What does it mean that we learn by association? 3. Habituation: 4. Associative Learning:
Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning - a type of learning in which one learns to link two stimuli and anticipate events.
Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning - a type of learning in which one learns to link two stimuli and anticipate events. behaviorism - the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science
Module One: Booklet #7
Module One: Booklet #7 Is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that results from experience There are various ways is which people learn (we will look at some learning styles in Module 2) We will
Myers PSYCHOLOGY. (7th Ed) Chapter 8. Learning. James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University. Worth Publishers
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association
Chapter 7. Learning From Experience
Learning From Experience Psychology, Fifth Edition, James S. Nairne What s It For? Learning From Experience Noticing and Ignoring Learning What Events Signal Learning About the Consequences of Our Behavior
Spontaneous recovery. Module 18. Processes of Conditioning. Classical Conditioning (cont d)
Module 18 Classical Conditioning (cont d) Processes of Conditioning Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Stimulus Generalization/ Discrimination Spontaneous recovery The re-emergence of an extinguished
Monday 3/26/2012 Warm-up: What is superstition? How do we acquire them? Activities: 1. What is the best or most effective form of punishment for
Monday 3/26/2012 Warm-up: What is superstition? How do we acquire them? Activities: 1. What is the best or most effective form of punishment for teens? Or would reinforcement be more effective? 2. If you
PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since Psychopathic criminals have empathy switch
PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since 1600 Chimpanzee Intelligence Is Heritable Dr. Peter Assmann Summer 2017 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0960982214006770
Schedules of Reinforcement 11/11/11
Schedules of Reinforcement 11/11/11 Reinforcement Schedules Intermittent Reinforcement: A type of reinforcement schedule by which some, but not all, correct responses are reinforced. Intermittent reinforcement
Chapter 5 Study Guide
Chapter 5 Study Guide Practice Exam Questions: Which of the following is not included in the definition of learning? It is demonstrated immediately Assuming you have eaten sour pickles before, imagine
Learning Theories. Dr. Howie Fine INTRODUCTION. Learning is one of the most researched and discussed area in Psychology.
Learning Theories Dr. Howie Fine 1 INTRODUCTION Learning is one of the most researched and discussed area in Psychology. Learning What? Vs. How? Laymen view learning generally in terms of what is being
Chapter 6: Learning The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 6: Learning Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience Distinguishes between changes due to maturation and changes brought about by experience Distinguishes
Learning. Learning. Learning
Learning PSY 1000: Introduction to Psychology Learning Monkeys beginning to wash their food before they eat it The rituals that athletes perform before/during contests Birds learning to flutter their wings
Psychology in Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life FIRST EDITION Chapter 6 Learning 2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Section 6.1 How Do the Parts of Our Brains Function? 6.1 What Are
... CR Response ... UR NR
Learning is the (1) brain-based phenomenon that is a (2) relatively permanent change (3) in behavior that results from (4) experience, (5) reinforcement, or (6) observation. (1) brain-based (2) relatively
Bronze statue of Pavlov and one of his dogs located on the grounds of his laboratory at Koltushi Photo taken by Jackie D. Wood, June 2004.
Ivan Pavlov http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/ cgi/content/full/19/6/326 Bronze statue of Pavlov and one of his dogs located on the grounds of his laboratory at Koltushi Photo taken by Jackie D. Wood,
Chapter 6/9: Learning
Chapter 6/9: Learning Learning A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience. The acquisition of knowledge, skills, and behavior through reinforcement, modeling and natural
Associative Learning
Learning Learning Targets 1. Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning (e.g., contingencies). 2. Describe basic classical
Learning. Learning. Learning via Association 1/8/2012. Chapter Eight. Change in an organism s behavior or thought as a result of experience
Chapter Eight Learning Learning Change in an organism s behavior or thought as a result of experience Many different kinds, most basic are habituation and sensitization Responding to stimuli less or moreover
Chapter 7 Behavior and Social Cognitive Approaches
Chapter 7 Behavior and Social Cognitive Approaches What is Learning o What Learning Is and Is Not Learning - a relatively permanent influence on behavior, knowledge, and thinking skills that comes about
Learning. Learning. Stimulus Learning. Modification of behavior or understanding Is it nature or nurture?
Learning Chapter 6 Learning Modification of behavior or understanding Is it nature or nurture? Stimulus Learning Habituation: when you pay less attention to something over time response starts out strong
Learning. Association. Association. Unit 6: Learning. Learning. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning. Different Types of Learning
Unit 6: Learning Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience experience (nurture) is the key to learning Different Types of Learning Classical -learn by association
acquisition associative learning behaviorism A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
acquisition associative learning In classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned
Learning and conditioning
AP Psych Review Assignment Spring 2009 Chapter and Topic of this Review Guide: Learning and conditioning Vocab Term Definition of Term Example Learning Any relatively permanent change in behavior that
Study Plan: Session 1
Study Plan: Session 1 6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the Classical The Development of Classical : The Basic Principles of Classical Conditioned Emotional Reponses:
1. A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
1. A stimulus change that increases the future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it. 2. In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified
Learning. 3. Which of the following is an example of a generalized reinforcer? (A) chocolate cake (B) water (C) money (D) applause (E) high grades
Learning Practice Questions Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case. 1. Just before something
Learning. Learning is the relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience.
Chapter 7 Learning Learning Learning is the relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience. Learning The Mexican Gray wolves had problems after being released back into the wild,
Classical & Operant Conditioning. Learning: Principles and Applications
Classical & Operant Conditioning Learning: Principles and Applications Which Pen Would You Choose? The researchers placed the participants in the room. In this room the participants first viewed purple
The Most Important Thing I ve Learned. What is the most important thing you ve learned in your life? How did you learn it?
The Most Important Thing I ve Learned What is the most important thing you ve learned in your life? How did you learn it? Learning Learning = any relatively enduring change in behavior due to experience
Learning: Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
Learning: Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Does NOT include temporary changes due to disease, fatigue, injury, maturation, or drugs, since these do NOT qualify as learning, even
Review Sheet Learning (7-9%)
Name Ms. Gabriel/Mr. McManus Date Period AP Psychology Review Sheet Learning (7-9%) 1) learning 2) associative learning Classical Conditioning 3) Ivan Pavlov 4) classical conditioning 5) John Watson 6)
Unit 6 REVIEW Page 1. Name: Date:
Unit 6 REVIEW Page 1 Name: Date: 1. Little Albert was conditioned by John B. Watson to fear furry white rats. After conditioning, Albert also showed fear to rabbits, dogs, and fur coats. This best illustrates
Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning What is Classical Conditioning? Learning Objective: Students will be able to describe the difference between Classical and Operant Conditioning. How Do We
Basic characteristics
Learning Basic characteristics The belief that the universe is lawful and orderly The occurrence of phenomena as a function of the operation of specific variables Objective observation Controlled experiments
Learning Theories - Behaviourism -
Learning Theories - Behaviourism - Kimberley A. Clow kclow2@uwo.ca http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/257e-570 Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pm Office: S302 Outline What is Learning? Classical Conditioning
How do we Learn? Chapter 6 Learning. Class Objectives: What is learning? What is Classical Conditioning? How do you know you ve learned something?
How do we Learn? Chapter 6 Learning Class Objectives: What is learning? What is Classical Conditioning? How do you know you ve learned something? 1 Can our beliefs and attitudes be a result of learning??
Psychological Foundations of Curriculum. Kevin Thompson
Psychological Foundations of Curriculum Kevin Thompson Focusing Questions 1. In what ways do psychological foundations enable curriculum workers (teachers, supervisors, and curriculum developers) to perform
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES I. Lecturer: Dr. Paul Narh Doku Contact: Department of Psychology, University of Ghana
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES I Lecturer: Dr. Paul Narh Doku Contact: pndoku@ug.edu.gh Department of Psychology, University of Ghana Session Overview This session will deal with the meaning and scope of psychology,
PSYC2010: Brain and Behaviour
PSYC2010: Brain and Behaviour PSYC2010 Notes Textbook used Week 1-3: Bouton, M.E. (2016). Learning and Behavior: A Contemporary Synthesis. 2nd Ed. Sinauer Week 4-6: Rieger, E. (Ed.) (2014) Abnormal Psychology:
January 6, EQ- How does classical conditioning work? Agenda: 1. Welcome and New Policies 2. Vocabulary/Test Questions 3. Classical Conditioning
January 6, 2015 EQ- How does classical conditioning work? Table of Contents: 79. January 6 80. Classical Conditioning Notes and Diagram 81. Classical Conditioning Worksheet 82. Classical Conditioning Elements
Behaviorism & Education
Behaviorism & Education Early Psychology (the use of nonobjective methods such as Introspection) Learning = behavior change movement toward objective methods Behaviorism Pavlov, Skinner (Focus on SàR)
LEARNING. Learning. Type of Learning Experiences Related Factors
LEARNING DEFINITION: Learning can be defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior or modification in behavior or behavior potentials that occur as a result of practice or experience. According
Psychology 020 Chapter 7: Learning Tues. Nov. 6th, 2007
Psychology 020 Chapter 7: Learning Tues. Nov. 6th, 2007 What is involved in learning? Evolution -The changes in behaviour that accumulate across generations are stored in the genes Combined with natural
Chapter 6. Learning: The Behavioral Perspective
Chapter 6 Learning: The Behavioral Perspective 1 Can someone have an asthma attack without any particles in the air to trigger it? Can an addict die of a heroin overdose even if they ve taken the same
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e. Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst Cognitive Domain Learning Chapter Modules 19-21 ~ Learning What is learning? How do people learn?
Learning & Conditioning
Exam 1 Frequency Distribution Exam 1 Results Mean = 48, Median = 49, Mode = 54 16 14 12 10 Frequency 8 6 4 2 0 20 24 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
Psychology in Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life SECOND EDITION Chapter 6 Learning 2016 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1 Humans are learning machines! Learning: A change in behavior,
Learning & Language Development
Learning & Language Development Classical Conditioning An involuntary response when a stimulus that normally causes a particular response is paired with a new, neutral stimulus. After enough pairings,
Learning. Classical Conditioning. Classical Conditioning
Learning Learning Somewhat permanent change; due to experience Classical Conditioning Automatic learning, not controllable body s automatic responses are associated with new stimuli Video: DP Learning
Vidya Prasarak Mandal s K. G. Joshi College of Arts and N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane.
Vidya Prasarak Mandal s K. G. Joshi College of Arts and N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane. Re-Accredited 'A' Grade by NAAC in 2011 and 2016 Best College Award 2011-12 Community College of University
Dikran J. Martin Introduction to Psychology
Dikran J. Martin Introduction to Psychology Name: Date: Lecture Series: Chapter 7 Learning Pages: 32 TEXT: Lefton, Lester A. and Brannon, Linda (2003). PSYCHOLOGY. (Eighth Edition.) Needham Heights, MA:
Chapter 2 Early Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, and Guthrie
: Pavlov, Watson, and Guthrie Chapter Outline I. This Chapter II. The Beginnings of Scientific Psychology III. Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936) A. Classical Conditioning B. Contiguity and Reinforcement C. Variations
The Behaviourist Perspective
The Behaviourist Perspective This perspective seeks to understand human behaviour in terms of what has been learnt. They study behaviour. They assume that all human behaviour is a result of what has been
VOLUME B. Elements of Psychological Treatment
VOLUME B Elements of Psychological Treatment VOLUME B MODULE 1 Drug dependence and basic counselling skills Biology of drug dependence Principles of drug dependence treatment Basic counselling skills for
Faulty Explanations for Behavior
Functional Assessment of Behavior EDS 240 Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NCSP California State University, Sacramento 1 Faulty Explanations for Behavior 1. Behavior occurs because of the student is bad 2. Behavior
BASIC VOLUME. Elements of Drug Dependence Treatment
BASIC VOLUME Elements of Drug Dependence Treatment BASIC VOLUME MODULE 1 Drug dependence concept and principles of drug treatment MODULE 2 Motivating clients for treatment and addressing resistance MODULE
Organizational Behaviour
Bachelor of Commerce Programme Organizational Behaviour Individual Behaviour Motivational concepts and application The Da Vinci Institute for Technology Management (Pty) Ltd Registered with the Department
Counseling and Psychotherapy Theory. Week 5. Cognitive-Behavioral Approach I : Behavioral Approach
Counseling and Psychotherapy Theory Week 5. Cognitive-Behavioral Approach I : Behavioral Approach Contents 1 2 3 Major Concepts and Propositions 1 Overview/Classical Conditioning 2 Operant Conditioning
DEFINITION. Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge (INFORMATIN ) and new responses. It is a change in behavior as a result of experience
LEARNING DEFINITION Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge (INFORMATIN ) and new responses. It is a change in behavior as a result of experience WHAT DO WE LEARN? 1. Object :we learn objects with
The organism s problem: Avoid predation and injury so you can reproduce
Learning Chapter 7 Design a Brain The organism s problem: Avoid predation and injury so you can reproduce What characteristics are needed to behave adaptively and reproduce successfully? Consider: nearly
E-01 Use interventions based on manipulation of antecedents, such as motivating operations and discriminative stimuli.
BACB 4 th Edition Task List s Content Area E: Specific Behavior-Change Procedures E-01 Use interventions based on manipulation of antecedents, such as motivating operations and discriminative stimuli.
Association. Operant Conditioning. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning. Learning to associate two events. We learn to. associate two stimuli
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association
Classical and Instrumental Conditioning. Lecture 8
Classical and Instrumental Conditioning Lecture 8 1 Basic Procedure for Classical Conditioning CS (Bell) US (Meat Powder) CR (Salivation) UR (Salivation) 2 Acquisition Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning
Cognitive Functions of the Mind
Chapter 6 Learning Cognitive Functions of the Mind Mediate adaptive behaviours Interactions between person and world Form internal representations of the world Perception, memory Reflect on this knowledge
Psychology Study Guide Chapter 7
Psychology Study Guide Chapter 7 Learning I the process of acquiring new knowledge and You learn by experience Learn to predict events that we already like/don t like noticing events or sensations that