:: Slide 1 :: :: Slide 2 :: :: Slide 3 :: :: Slide 4 :: :: Slide 5 :: :: Slide 6 ::
|
|
- Geraldine Bryan
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 :: Slide 1 :: :: Slide 2 :: Science stems from the empirical movement and thus observation, as well as measurement and description are crucial. The deterministic assumptions of science lead scientists to believe that if they can understand why a phenomenon occurs, then they will also be able to predict the conditions under which it will occur again. This gives us the ability to control our environment. Researchers must measure the phenomenon under study. For example, in studying the effectiveness of muscle relaxation techniques in reducing anxiety, a psychologist must first develop a means of measuring anxiety. :: Slide 3 :: :: Slide 4 :: Psychologists form hypotheses about how variables interact. A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between 2 or more variables. Variables are the things that are observed or controlled in a study. Information gathered by scientists may be of some practical value in helping to solve problems in schools, businesses, mental health centers, etc. The purpose of an experiment is to find out how one variable, let s call it X, affects another variable, which we ll call Y. :: Slide 5 :: :: Slide 6 :: Theories are attempts to explain phenomena. They are the product of inductive logic. Hypotheses are derived from theories to be applied to a specific, testable example. They are the product of deductive logic. Research is a catch-all heading which describes the myriad ways in which hypotheses can be tested. Hypothesis: Students who study over a span of 3 weeks before a test perform better than those who wait until the night before. Method: Give questionnaire to students on when they study. Data Collection: Collect questionnaires and test scores. Analysis: Correlate questionnaire with test scores. Report the findings: Students who studied over a multiple week period performed better on tests than those who crammed the night before.
2 :: Slide 7 :: :: Slide 8 :: The independent variable is a condition or event manipulated by experimenter. The dependent variable is an aspect of behavior thought to be affected by the independent variable. The experimental group consists of participants who receive special treatment. The control group consists of similar subjects who do not receive treatment given to experimental group. An example of experimental research would be the testing of morphine for effectiveness using analgesia the absence of pain as the dependent variable. The control group allows the researcher to isolate the effects of the independent variable since the two groups are alike in every way except for the variation of the independent variable, any difference between the groups can be attributed to the independent variable. Extraneous variables are factors besides independent variables that might affect the dependent variables, and need to be controlled. :: Slide 9 :: :: Slide 10 :: Which one of these is the dependent variable? Click to see answer. The amount eaten by the rats is the dependent variable. The caloric content is food is the independent variable determining the amount eaten by the rats. Sometimes, a single group can be used for both experimental and control conditions for example, you might study the effects of having the radio on when people work on an assembly line you d collect data from the same group of workers twice, once with the radio on and once with it off. :: Slide 11 :: :: Slide 12 :: Researchers can also manipulate more than one IV to see what the combined effect is. Sometimes, the effect of one variable depends on the effect of another. For example, you might find that having the radio on increases productivity in workers, but only in the morning. In this example, time of day interacts with the effects of the radio. Researchers can also use more than one dependent variable in a single study to get a more complete picture of the effect of the independent variable. For example, we might measure not only number of pieces workers finish when the radio is allowed to be on while they work, but also worker satisfaction, absenteeism, and attitude. Having 1 day less a month absenteeism might make up for a slight decrease in productivity.
3 :: Slide 13 :: :: Slide 14 :: The power of the experimental method lies in the ability to draw conclusions about cause-andeffect relationships from an experiment. No other research method has this power. Experimental research does, however, have limitations. Experiments are often artificial; researchers have to come up with contrived settings so that they have control over the environment. A positive correlation occurs when two or more variables vary in the same pattern. An example would be number of cigarettes smoked and blood pressure reading. Some experiments cannot be done because of ethical concerns. For example, you would never want to malnourish infants on purpose to see what the effects are on intelligence. Others cannot be done because of practical issues there s no way we can randomly assign families to live in urban vs. rural areas so we can determine the effects of city vs. country living. :: Slide 15 :: :: Slide 16 :: A negative correlation occurs when two or more variables show patterns of variation directly opposite to one another. An example would be amount of cocaine ingested and number of hours slept in the last 24 hours. The correlation coefficient is a numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables. The size of the correlation coefficient varies between zero and plus or minus one. Its size indicates the strength of the association between two variables. :: Slide 17 :: :: Slide 18 :: Naturalistic observation is when a researcher engages in careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subjects allowing researchers to study behavior under conditions that are less artificial than experiments. A case study is an in-depth and generally highly subjective or impressionistic report on a single individual that may be based on interviews, psychological testing, and so on. It can be particularly useful for studying animals in their natural habitats.
4 :: Slide 19 :: :: Slide 20 :: Surveys use questionnaires or interviews to find out about specific aspects of people s backgrounds, attitudes, or opinions. While descriptive and correlational methods extend the scope of psychological research, they do not permit scientists to manipulate variables, and therefore a cause and effect relationship cannot be proved. Clinical samples are often unrepresentative drawing inferences about a population based on a sample only works if the sample is reasonably representative of the population. :: Slide 21 :: :: Slide 22 :: We already saw how an unrepresentative sample of the population can lead to inaccuracy this is called the sampling bias. Another bias is the social desirability bias, which leads people to answer questions about themselves in a way that fits in with society s expectations. Experimenters are fallible, and their research can be affected by a tendency to see what they want to see. This bias is called experimenter bias. Robert Rosenthal s research on experimenter bias suggests that researchers may unintentionally influence the behavior of their subjects. One way to prevent experimenter bias is by conducting a double-blind study - one where neither the participants nor the researcher knows which is the control group and which is the experiment group. :: Slide 23 :: :: Slide 24 :: When individuals are given a medication or are in a treatment condition in an experiment, their expectations about the treatment may produce a placebo effect. Placebo effects are especially likely to occur when subjects expect that the treatment is linked to a change in behavior or reaction. For example, if someone drinks a virgin margarita and starts acting intoxicated, they are exhibiting signs of the placebo effect. The advantages of internet research include larger populations, reduced time and money, and a broader reach into sampling populations. A drawback of Internet-mediated research is that typically very few of the solicited subjects participate, which means that those who do might be an extreme group, indicating a sampling bias. In addition, internet studies lack aspects of control found in conventional studies, and participants may be distracted or intoxicated, for example.
5 :: Slide 25 :: :: Slide 26 :: Deception enables investigation of important issues and empirical evidence suggests that deception is not harmful to subjects. However, deception is inherently immoral and may undermine participants trust in others. Consider this question by Warwick: If it is all right to use deceit to advance knowledge, then why not for reasons of national security, for maintaining the Presidency, or to save one s own hide? Animals are used in research in situations where it is unethical to experiment on human participants. Such use of animals raises ethical issues about the nature of non-human animals and the rightful treatment of such animals. Neil Miller argued that, given the amount of abandoned and euthanized animals each year in the United Status, using animals to research advances in medical treatment is justified. When, if ever, do you think deception is justified? :: Slide XX :: :: Slide XX :: :: Slide XX :: :: Slide XX ::
The Research Enterprise in Psychology Chapter 2
The Research Enterprise in Psychology Chapter 2 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including
More informationTHE RESEARCH ENTERPRISE IN PSYCHOLOGY
THE RESEARCH ENTERPRISE IN PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 2 Mr. Reinhard Winston Churchill High School Adapted from: Psychology: Themes and Variations by Wayne Weiten, 9 th edition Looking for laws Psychologists share
More informationHuman intuition is remarkably accurate and free from error.
Human intuition is remarkably accurate and free from error. 3 Most people seem to lack confidence in the accuracy of their beliefs. 4 Case studies are particularly useful because of the similarities we
More informationChapter 2. The Research Enterprise in Psychology 8 th Edition
Chapter 2 The Research Enterprise in Psychology 8 th Edition The Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws Empiricism Basic assumption: events are governed by some lawful order Goals: Measurement and description
More information2 Critical thinking guidelines
What makes psychological research scientific? Precision How psychologists do research? Skepticism Reliance on empirical evidence Willingness to make risky predictions Openness Precision Begin with a Theory
More informationAP Psychology -- Chapter 02 Review Research Methods in Psychology
AP Psychology -- Chapter 02 Review Research Methods in Psychology 1. In the opening vignette, to what was Alicia's condition linked? The death of her parents and only brother 2. What did Pennebaker s study
More informationThe Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws Basic assumption of science: Events are governed by some lawful order. Goals of psychology: Measure and
The Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws Basic assumption of science: Events are governed by some lawful order. Goals of psychology: Measure and describe Understand and predict Apply and control Explain
More informationPsychology - MR. CALLAWAY Mundy s Mill High School Unit RESEARCH METHODS
Psychology - MR. CALLAWAY Mundy s Mill High School Unit 2.1 - RESEARCH METHODS Intro to Research How do psychologists ask & answer questions? Differentiate types of research with regard to purpose, strengths,
More informationTheory. = an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.
Definition Slides Hindsight Bias = the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. Also known as the I knew it all along phenomenon. Critical Thinking = thinking that
More informationRESEARCH METHODS: PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE
RESEARCH METHODS: PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE TODAY S OBJECTIVE Explain basic methods of psychological research. IMPORTANT KEY TERMS Variable: anything that can change Theory: broad idea or set of closely
More informationDOING SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH C H A P T E R 3
DOING SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH C H A P T E R 3 THE RESEARCH PROCESS There are various methods that sociologists use to do research. All involve rigorous observation and careful analysis These methods include:
More informationFinal Exam: PSYC 300. Multiple Choice Items (1 point each)
Final Exam: PSYC 300 Multiple Choice Items (1 point each) 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental features of science? a. empirical questions b. public knowledge c. mathematical equations
More informationModule 2/3 Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions
Myers PSYCHOLOGY 8 th Edition in Modules Module 2/3 Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions 1 The Need for Psychological Science Psychologists, like all scientists, use the scientific
More information9/24/2014 UNIT 2: RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS RESEARCH METHODS RESEARCH METHODS RESEARCH METHODS
RESEARCH METHODS UNIT 2: RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 8-10% of AP Exam Case Studies A case study is an in-depth study of one person. In a case study, nearly every aspect of the subject's life and history
More informationChapter Three Research Methodology
Chapter Three Research Methodology Research Methods is a systematic and principled way of obtaining evidence (data, information) for solving health care problems. 1 Dr. Mohammed ALnaif METHODS AND KNOWLEDGE
More informationUsing The Scientific method in Psychology
CHAPTER FIVE Using The Scientific method in Psychology 1 The Scientific Method in Psychology Science The key elements of the scientific approach are: Objective measurements of the phenomenon under consideration
More informationCHAPTER 1 Understanding Social Behavior
CHAPTER 1 Understanding Social Behavior CHAPTER OVERVIEW Chapter 1 introduces you to the field of social psychology. The Chapter begins with a definition of social psychology and a discussion of how social
More informationThe Science of Psychology
The Science of Psychology Module 2 Psychology s Scientific Method Module Objectives Why is Psychology a Science? What is the scientific method? Why should I believe what researchers say? How do Psychologist
More informationChapter 1: Thinking critically with. Introduction
Chapter 1: Thinking critically with psychological science Introduction Fact or Falsehood 1. Human intuition is remarkable accurate and free from error. 2. Most people seem to lack confidence in the accuracy
More informationUNIT II: RESEARCH METHODS
THINKING CRITICALLY WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE UNIT II: RESEARCH METHODS Module 4: The Need for Psychological Science Module 5: Scientific Method and Description Module 6: Correlation and Experimentation
More informationIn this chapter we discuss validity issues for quantitative research and for qualitative research.
Chapter 8 Validity of Research Results (Reminder: Don t forget to utilize the concept maps and study questions as you study this and the other chapters.) In this chapter we discuss validity issues for
More informationQuestion: What steps do scientists follow in conducting scientific research?
Section 1: Conducting Research Question: What steps do scientists follow in conducting scientific research? In psychology, assumptions must be supported by evidence. STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 1. Form
More informationHypothesis-Driven Research
Hypothesis-Driven Research Research types Descriptive science: observe, describe and categorize the facts Discovery science: measure variables to decide general patterns based on inductive reasoning Hypothesis-driven
More informationDescriptive Research Methods. Depending on the type of question researchers want answered, will depend on the way they investigate it
Descriptive Research Methods Depending on the type of question researchers want answered, will depend on the way they investigate it Naturalistic Observation Method that measures people (organisms), in
More informationThe degree to which a measure is free from error. (See page 65) Accuracy
Accuracy The degree to which a measure is free from error. (See page 65) Case studies A descriptive research method that involves the intensive examination of unusual people or organizations. (See page
More informationThe Science of Psychology
The Science of Psychology Module 2 Psychology s Scientific Method Module Objectives Why is Psychology a Science? What is the scientific method? Why should I believe what researchers say? How do Psychologist
More informationPsychology: The Science
Psychology: The Science How Psychologists Do Research Ex: While biking, it seems to me that drivers of pick up trucks aren t as nice as car drivers. I make a hypothesis or even develop a theory that p/u
More informationIntroduction to Research Methods
Introduction to Research Methods Updated August 08, 2016 1 The Three Types of Psychology Research Psychology research can usually be classified as one of three major types: 1. Causal Research When most
More informationChapter 1 Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Chapter 1
psychology theory pure research applied research introspection structuralism functionalism behaviorism reinforcement Gestalt psychology a formulation of relationships underlying observed events the science
More informationResearch Design Overview. Heather M. Gray, Ph.D. January 26, 2010 Research Methods for the Social Sciences: An Introductory Course
Research Design Overview Heather M. Gray, Ph.D. January 26, 2010 Research Methods for the Social Sciences: An Introductory Course Today s Plan Lecture: The 5 basic types of research approaches in the social
More informationPsychological Research
Introduction Psychologists do more than just wonder about human behavior: they conduct research to understand exactly why people think, feel, and behave the way they do. Like other scientists, psychologists
More informationScientific Method in Biology
Scientific Method in Biology Observations Observations are a critical component of science, because they can lead to scientific questions. Example: Alexander Fleming s observations on a bacterial culture
More informationTest Bank Questions for Chapter 1
Test Bank Questions for Chapter 1 1) The difference between a layperson s and an experimental psychologist s understanding of behavior is: A) A layperson relies upon his/her conceptualizations whereas
More informationPsych 1Chapter 2 Overview
Psych 1Chapter 2 Overview After studying this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: 1) What are five characteristics of an ideal scientist? 2) What are the defining elements of
More informationScientific Method in Biology
Scientific Method in Biology Observations Observations are a critical component of science, because they can. Example: Alexander Fleming s observations on a bacterial culture contaminated with mold. Discuss
More informationChapter 2: Research Methods in I/O Psychology Research a formal process by which knowledge is produced and understood Generalizability the extent to
Chapter 2: Research Methods in I/O Psychology Research a formal process by which knowledge is produced and understood Generalizability the extent to which conclusions drawn from one research study spread
More informationPSYC1024 Clinical Perspectives on Anxiety, Mood and Stress
PSYC1024 Clinical Perspectives on Anxiety, Mood and Stress LECTURE 1 WHAT IS SCIENCE? SCIENCE is a standardised approach of collecting and gathering information and answering simple and complex questions
More informationWhat is the Scientific Method?
Scientific Method What is the Scientific Method? It s a way to solve/explain a problem or natural phenomenon, while removing human bias and opinion. It is a critical procedure that allows validity and
More informationThinking Critically with Psychological Science
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, 2006 1 Thinking Critically with Psychological Science Chapter 1 2 Thinking Critically with
More informationLesson 11 Correlations
Lesson 11 Correlations Lesson Objectives All students will define key terms and explain the difference between correlations and experiments. All students should be able to analyse scattergrams using knowledge
More informationA to Z OF RESEARCH METHODS AND TERMS APPLICABLE WITHIN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
A to Z OF RESEARCH METHODS AND TERMS APPLICABLE WITHIN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH QUANTATIVE RESEARCH METHODS Are concerned with trying to quantify things; they ask questions such as how long, how many or
More informationIntroduction to PSYCHOLOGY
Introduction to PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY The scientific study of behavior and the mental process. What are the characteristics of an excellent Psychologist? How do psychologists think? I feel myself a naturalist
More informationSTA630 Research Methods Solved MCQs By
STA630 Research Methods Solved MCQs By http://vustudents.ning.com 31-07-2010 Quiz # 1: Question # 1 of 10: A one tailed hypothesis predicts----------- The future The lottery result The frequency of the
More informationChapter 11 Nonexperimental Quantitative Research Steps in Nonexperimental Research
Chapter 11 Nonexperimental Quantitative Research (Reminder: Don t forget to utilize the concept maps and study questions as you study this and the other chapters.) Nonexperimental research is needed because
More informationChapter 2 Multiple Choice Questions (The answers are provided after the last question.) 1. Which research paradigm is based on the pragmatic view of reality? a. quantitative research b. qualitative research
More informationAsking and answering research questions. What s it about?
2 Asking and answering research questions What s it about? (Social Psychology pp. 24 54) Social psychologists strive to reach general conclusions by developing scientific theories about why people behave
More informationDefinition of Scientific Research RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 2 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION. The Hallmarks of Scientific Research
Definition of Scientific Research RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 2 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION Assist. Prof. Dr. Özge Özgen Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Business, Department of International Business
More informationMyers Psychology for AP* David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2010
Myers Psychology for AP* David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2010 *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which
More informationOVERVIEW OF RESEARCH METHODS II. Lecturer: Dr. Paul Narh Doku Contact: Department of Psychology, University of Ghana
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH METHODS II Lecturer: Dr. Paul Narh Doku Contact: pndoku@ug.edu.gh Department of Psychology, University of Ghana Session Overview This session will present an overview of several non-experimental
More informationPsychology Unit 1 Test
1 Psychology Unit 1 Test Choose the best answer. (2 pts each). 1. Of the following, who is a humanistic psychologist? a. Sigmund Freud b. Abraham Maslow c. B. F. Skinner d. John Watson 2. I am primarily
More informationAudio: In this lecture we are going to address psychology as a science. Slide #2
Psychology 312: Lecture 2 Psychology as a Science Slide #1 Psychology As A Science In this lecture we are going to address psychology as a science. Slide #2 Outline Psychology is an empirical science.
More informationLecturer: Dr. Emmanuel Adjei Department of Information Studies Contact Information:
Lecturer: Dr. Emmanuel Adjei Department of Information Studies Contact Information: eadjei@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 2016/2017 Session Overview
More informationThe Science of Psychology. Chapter 1
The Science of Psychology Chapter 1 What Is Psychology? Scientific study of behavior and mental processes Critical Thinking Inductive Deductive Analytical Purposeful Open Authentic What is critical thinking?
More informationChapter 2 Doing Sociology: Research Methods
Chapter 2 Doing Sociology: Research Methods MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A variable is: a. anything that can change. b. a testable statement about the relationship between two or more hypotheses. c. a factor that
More informationStudents will demonstrate knowledge of an experiment by identifying different types of variables.
Students will demonstrate knowledge of an experiment by identifying different types of variables. Research Methods It is actually way more exciting than it sounds!!!! Why do we have to learn this stuff?
More informationNature of Science and Scientific Method Guided Notes
Anything present in the environment, around the world, living, non-living everything is included in science. Science can be knowledge, science can be a fun, it can be a fact, a discovery, a law, a solved
More informationIntroduction to Research Methods
Introduction to Research Methods 8-10% of the AP Exam Psychology is an empirical discipline. Psychologists develop knowledge by doing research. Research provides guidance for psychologists who develop
More informationBeware of Confounding Variables
Beware of Confounding Variables If I wanted to prove that smoking causes heart issues, what are some confounding variables? The object of an experiment is to prove that A causes B. A confounding variable
More informationISC- GRADE XI HUMANITIES ( ) PSYCHOLOGY. Chapter 2- Methods of Psychology
ISC- GRADE XI HUMANITIES (2018-19) PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 2- Methods of Psychology OUTLINE OF THE CHAPTER (i) Scientific Methods in Psychology -observation, case study, surveys, psychological tests, experimentation
More informationPsychology of Dysfunctional Behaviour RESEARCH METHODS
Psychology of Dysfunctional Behaviour RESEARCH METHODS The history of abnormal psychology shows that theories and treatment procedures may seem effective in some cases but prove useless and even harmful
More informationThinking Like a Researcher
3-1 Thinking Like a Researcher 3-3 Learning Objectives Understand... The terminology used by professional researchers employing scientific thinking. What you need to formulate a solid research hypothesis.
More informationCorrelational Method. Does ice cream cause murder, or murder cause people to eat ice cream? As more ice cream is eaten, more people are murdered.
Correlational Method Naturalistic observations, surveys, and case studies often show us that one trait or behavior is related to another. Correlation expresses a relationship between two variables. Does
More informationChapter 1. Research : A way of thinking
Chapter 1 Research : A way of thinking Research is undertaken within most professions. More than a set of skills, research is a way of thinking: examining critically the various aspects of your day-to-day
More informationHigher Psychology RESEARCH REVISION
Higher Psychology RESEARCH REVISION 1 The biggest change from the old Higher course (up to 2014) is the possibility of an analysis and evaluation question (8-10) marks asking you to comment on aspects
More informationChapter 1. Research : A way of thinking
Chapter 1 Research : A way of thinking Research is undertaken within most professions. More than a set of skills, research is a way of thinking: examining critically the various aspects of your day-to-day
More informationGroup Assignment #1: Concept Explication. For each concept, ask and answer the questions before your literature search.
Group Assignment #1: Concept Explication 1. Preliminary identification of the concept. Identify and name each concept your group is interested in examining. Questions to asked and answered: Is each concept
More informationChapter 1.1. The Process of Science. Essential Questions
Chapter 1.1 The Process of Science Essential Questions 1. How does scientific inquiry answer questions about the living world? 2. How do observations lead to scientific inferences? 3. How do scientific
More informationChapter 1 Thinking Critically with Psychological Science
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 1 Thinking Critically with James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers The Need for Psychologists, like all scientists, use the scientific method to construct
More informationUNIT 3 & 4 PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH METHODS TOOLKIT
UNIT 3 & 4 PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH METHODS TOOLKIT Prepared by Lucie Young, Carey Baptist Grammar School lucie.young@carey.com.au Credit to Kristy Kendall VCE Psychology research methods workbook for some
More informationGraphic Organizers. Compare/Contrast. 1. Different. 2. Different. Alike
1 Compare/Contrast When you compare and contrast people, places, objects, or ideas, you are looking for how they are alike and how they are different. One way to organize your information is to use a Venn
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to I/O Psychology
Chapter 1 Introduction to I/O Psychology 1. I/O Psychology is a branch of psychology that in the workplace. a. treats psychological disorders b. applies the principles of psychology c. provides therapy
More informationOverview of the Logic and Language of Psychology Research
CHAPTER W1 Overview of the Logic and Language of Psychology Research Chapter Outline The Traditionally Ideal Research Approach Equivalence of Participants in Experimental and Control Groups Equivalence
More informationResearch Landscape. Qualitative = Constructivist approach. Quantitative = Positivist/post-positivist approach Mixed methods = Pragmatist approach
Empirical Methods Research Landscape Qualitative = Constructivist approach Build theory from data Quantitative = Positivist/post-positivist approach Mixed methods = Pragmatist approach Experimental Analysis
More informationIllusory Correlation
Illusory Correlation This demonstration illustrates an Illusory Correlation the perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists. Another way
More informationPractice Quiz for Chapter 1
Practice Quiz for Chapter 1 1. Giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding and the other half an opposite result is an easy way to demonstrate the impact of A. the false consensus
More informationChapter 2 Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research
Chapter 2 Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research Methodology Social Psychology: An Empirical Science Empirical research allows us to test the validity of personal observations and folk wisdom.
More informationPsychology Themes and Variations Briefer Version
Psychology Themes and Variations Briefer Version 9th Edition by Weiten test bank Linkfull download: http://testbankcollection.com/download/psychologythemes-and-variations-briefer-version-9th-edition-by-weiten-test-bank/
More informationResearch Approach & Design. Awatif Alam MBBS, Msc (Toronto),ABCM Professor Community Medicine Vice Provost Girls Section
Research Approach & Design Awatif Alam MBBS, Msc (Toronto),ABCM Professor Community Medicine Vice Provost Girls Section Content: Introduction Definition of research design Process of designing & conducting
More informationResearch Methods. It is actually way more exciting than it sounds!!!!
Research Methods It is actually way more exciting than it sounds!!!! Why do we have to learn this stuff? Psychology is first and foremost a science. Thus it is based in research. Before we delve into how
More informationResearch Methodology. Characteristics of Observations. Variables 10/18/2016. Week Most important know what is being observed.
Research Methodology 1 Characteristics of Observations 1. Most important know what is being observed. 2. Assign behaviors to categories. 3. Know how to Measure. 4. Degree of Observer inference. 2 Variables
More informationINTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY. Radwan Banimustafa
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Radwan Banimustafa At the end of this Chapter you should be able to: Understand the scope of psychology Different perspectives in psychology The scientific research method in
More informationThe Nature of Science
The Nature of Science To be scientifically literate, science students should have deeper understandings of science that studying the Nature of Science (NOS) provides. Write an account of what you think
More informationScience, Society, and Social Research (1) Benjamin Graham
Science, Society, and Social Research (1) Nuts and Bolts My computer croaked, so no clickers today We will start collecting clicker data for grades next Thurs Discussion sections start next week Homework
More informationDesign of Experiments & Introduction to Research
Design of Experiments & Introduction to Research 1 Design of Experiments Introduction to Research Definition and Purpose Scientific Method Research Project Paradigm Structure of a Research Project Types
More informationEXPERIMENTS IN RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTS IN RESEARCH PRESENTED BY ANNAPOORNA SHANKAR NITHYA RACHEL PREETHI CUNHA What is an experiment? Taking action and observing consequences of that action EXPERIMENTS - Controlled observation possible
More informationControlled Variables
Controlled Variables A controlled variable is not changed Also called constants Allow for a fair test Answers the question "What do I keep the same?" Students of different ages were given the same jigsaw
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
381 Exam #2 E Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) An approach to qualitative research that focuses on building theories is known
More informationModule 4 Introduction
Module 4 Introduction Recall the Big Picture: We begin a statistical investigation with a research question. The investigation proceeds with the following steps: Produce Data: Determine what to measure,
More informationUnit 1 History and Methods Chapter 1 Thinking Critically with Psychological Science
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Unit 1 History and Methods Chapter 1 Thinking Critically with James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Fact vs. Falsehood 1. Human intuition is remarkably accurate
More informationKey Ideas. Explain how science is different from other forms of human endeavor. Identify the steps that make up scientific methods.
Key Ideas Explain how science is different from other forms of human endeavor. Identify the steps that make up scientific methods. Analyze how scientific thought changes as new information is collected.
More informationCHAPTER 1. Introduction & Research Methods. Lecture Overview
Introduction & Research Methods CHAPTER 1 Lecture Overview Introducing Psychology Origins of Psychology The Science of Psychology Research Methods Getting the Most from Your Study of Psychology Introducing
More informationWhat is the Scientific Method?
What all Science is "BUILT" upon How do you solve problems? How do scientists carry out valid investigations? How does the scientific process apply to real world scenarios? What is the Scientific Method?
More informationResearch Methodology
Research Methodology Overview of Research and its Methodologies Course Objectives At the end of this course, the students should be able to: understand some basic concepts of research and its Methodologies
More informationGathering. Useful Data. Chapter 3. Copyright 2004 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Gathering Chapter 3 Useful Data Copyright 2004 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Principal Idea: The knowledge of how the data were generated is one of the key ingredients for translating
More informationSkills Center Psychology Practice Exam II
1.) The scientific method always a. begins with observation and ends with generation of a hypothesis. b. begins with generation of a hypothesis and ends with systematic observation. c. begins and ends
More informationCollecting Data Example: Does aspirin prevent heart attacks?
Collecting Data In an experiment, the researcher controls or manipulates the environment of the individuals. The intent of most experiments is to study the effect of changes in the explanatory variable
More informationVillarreal Rm. 170 Handout (4.3)/(4.4) - 1 Designing Experiments I
Statistics and Probability B Ch. 4 Sample Surveys and Experiments Villarreal Rm. 170 Handout (4.3)/(4.4) - 1 Designing Experiments I Suppose we wanted to investigate if caffeine truly affects ones pulse
More informationPsychology 12th Edition Wade TEST BANK Full download at:
Psychology 12th Edition Wade TEST BANK Full download at: https://testbankreal.com/download/psychology-12th-edition-wade-test-bank/ Psychology 12th Edition Wade SOLUTIONS MANUAL Full download at: https://testbankreal.com/download/psychology-12th-edition-wade-solutions-manual/
More informationScience is a way of learning about the natural world by observing things, asking questions, proposing answers, and testing those answers.
Science 9 Unit 1 Worksheet Chapter 1 The Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry Online resources: www.science.nelson.com/bcscienceprobe9/centre.html Remember to ask your teacher whether your classroom
More information