INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF NEPHROLOGY 1989

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF NEPHROLOGY 1989

2 INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOKS OF NEPHROLOGY Editor Vittorio E. Andreucci University oj Naples Co-Editors Leon G. Fine UCLA School oj Medicine Michinobu Hatano Nihon University Carl M. Kjellstrand Karolinska Hospital

3 INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF NEPHROLOGY 1989 Editor Vittorio E. Andreucci University of Naples Naples, Italy Co-editors Leon G. Fine University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine California, USA Michinobu Hatano Nihon University Tokyo, Japan Carl M. Kjellstrand Karolinska Hospital Stockholm, Sweden... " Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston/Dordrecht/London

4 Distributors for North America: Kluwer Academic Publishers 101 Philip Drive Assinippi Park Norwell, Massachusetts USA Distributors for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers Falcon House, Queen Square Lancaster LAIIRN, UNITED KINGDOM Distributors for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre Post Office Box AH Dordrecht, THE NETHERLANDS Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN-13: DOl: / e-isbn-13 : Copyright 1989 by KIuwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1989 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, Massachusetts

5 CONTENTS Contributing Authors Preface vii xi RENAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1. Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications of Renal Hypertrophy Aaron Knecht and Leon G. Fine 3 GLOMERULONEPHRITIS 2. IgA Nephropathy: Current Views on Pathogenesis and Treatment Hideto Sakai 23 INFECTIONS 3. Single-Dose Antibiotic Therapy in Urinary Tract Infection William Brumfitt and J.M.T. Hamilton-Miller 49 RENAL STONE DISEASE 4. Prevention of Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones Charles Y.C. Pak 67 HYPERTENSION 5. Calcium Channel Blocking Drugs as Antihypertensive Agents Austin E. Doyle 6. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors as Antihypertensive Therapy A. Steiner, D. Edmonds, P. Greminger, and W. Vetter THE KIDNEY IN PREGNANCY 7. Prevention of Preeclampsia Antonio Dal Canton, Giulio Romano, and Patrizia Veniero 131 PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY 8. Cyclosporin in the Therapy of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Children Patrick Niaudet and Michel Broyer 155

6 vi DRUG NEPHROTOXICITY 9. Cyclosporine A Nephrotoxicity Vittorio E. Andreucci and Giorgio Fuiano 171 ACUTE RENAL FAILURE to. The Changing Epidemiology of Acute Renal Failure: Patterns in Economically Advanced and Developing Countries Kirpal S. Chugh and Carl M. Kjellstrand 11. Acute Renal Failure and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy F. Cosentino and E. P. Paganini CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE 12. Erythropoietin in the Treatment of the Anaemia of Chronic Renal Failure Christopher G. Win earls 263 DIALYSIS 13. New Strategies for High Efficiency Hemodialysis Prakash R. Keshaviah and Allan J. Collins 14. Has CPD Been as Effective as Hemodialysis? Allen R. Nissenson RENAL TRANSPLANTATION 15. Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Transplant Rejection David J. Cohen 325 DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN NEPHROLOGY 16. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Kidneys Zoran L. Barbaric INDEX

7 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Vittorio E. Andreucci, Department of Nephrology, Second Faculty of Medicine, University of Naples, Nuovo Policlinico Via S. Pansini, Naples, Italy Zoran L. Barbaric, Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA Michel Broyer, Service de Nephrologie Pediatrique and INSERM U 192, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sevres, Paris, France William Brumfitt, Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London NW3 2QG, England Kirpal S. Chugh, Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India David J. Cohen, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Col lege of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA Allan J. Collins, Regional Kidney Disease Program, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, USA Frank A. Cosentino, The Section of Dialysis and Extracorporeal Therapy, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA Antonio Dal Canton, Division of Nephrology, University of ReggiO Calabria, Faculty of Medicine at Catanzaro, Via T. Campanella, Catanzaro, Italy

8 vili Austin E. Doyle, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia Dorothea Edmonds, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Leon G. Fine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90025, USA Giorgio Fuiano, Department of Nephrology, Second Faculty of Medicine, University of Naples, Nuovo Policlinico, Via S. Pansini, Naples, Italy Peter Greminger, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Jeremy M.T. Hamilton-Miller, Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London NW3 2QG, England Prakash R. Keshaviah, Regional Kidney Disease Program, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, USA Carl M. Kjellstrand, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Aaron Knecht, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90025, USA Patrick Niaudet, Service de Nephrologie Pediatrique and INSERM U 192, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sevres, Paris, France Allen R. Nissenson, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA

9 ix Charles Y.C. Pak, Center on Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical School at Dal las, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA Emil P. Paganini, The Section of Dialysis and Extracorporeal Therapy, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA Giul io Romano, Department of Nephrology, Second Faculty of Medicine, University of Naples, Nuovo Policlinico Via S. Pansini, Naples, Italy Hideto Sakai, Division of Nephrology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara City, Kanagawa-ken , Japan Albert Steiner, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Patrizia Veniero, Department of Nephrology, Second Faculty of Medicine, University of Naples, Nuovo Policlinico Via S. Pansini, Naples, Italy Wi Ihelm Vetter, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland Christopher G. Winearls Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 OHS, England

10 PREFACE The aim of the INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOKS OF NEPHROLOGY is to publish every year a volume to keep nephrologists up to date on all the rapidly changing areas of nephrology. Each volume will be published by the end of each calendar year which corresponds with the annual meeting of the American Society of Nephrology. Each issue of the INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOKS OF NEPHROLOGY will be divided into sections; each section will have different primary focus every year, depending upon what area is of greatest interest at the time. In other words, each annual volume will deal with what is truly current in nephrology. All the authors appointed for the chapters of the INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOKS OF NEPHROLOGY are known experts in the field who will give an objective review of the topic up-dating the readers on the world-wide literature. A crucial point for the success of the INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOKS OF NEPHROLOGY is the list of the references at the end of each chapter. We have provide a complete, accurate and important references. asked all authors to up-to-date list of In order to guarantee the most up-to-date yearbook, very rapid production is mandatory. Rapid publication can be obtained only with camera-ready manuscripts for direct photo-offset reproduction. Thus we have agreed to use photo-offset printing for the series.

11 For the first issue of the series, the INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF NEPHROLOGY 1989, the Editorial Board has focused attention on the latest and most important scientific and clinical advances in nephrology. The editor and Co-editors are deeply grateful to all authors for their clear, complete and up-to-date reviews and for having fulfilled the deadline in forwarding their manuscripts. Special thanks are due to Kluwer Academic Publisher for the rapid publication of this volume. Vittorio E. Andreucci Leon G. Fine Michinobu Hatano Carl M. Kjellstrand

12 INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF NEPHROLOGY 1989