General Anesthesia Gender patterns amongst Canadian anesthesiologists
|
|
- Ashlie Wiggins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 437 General Anesthesia Gender patterns amongst Canadian anesthesiologists [La proportion hommes-femmes chez les anesthésiologistes canadiens] Mark Otto Baerlocher MD,* Rumana Hussain BSc, John Bradley MD FRCPC Purpose: The specialty of anesthesiology in Canada has traditionally had a larger proportion of male practitioners. More recently, however, the proportion of female medical students has increased. We sought to determine if the gender ratio within the specialty of anesthesiology in Canada has followed the female:male distribution patterns within medical schools. Methods: Gender-specific data were obtained from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS), and the Program Director from each of the 16 Canadian Anesthesiology Residency Training Programs. Results: The ratio of practicing female:male anesthesiologists increased from 0.29:1 in 1998 to 0.34:1 in The ratio was greatest in the youngest age grouping (< 45 yr), at 0.49:1, and lowest in the > 64 age group, at 0.16:1. As of the academic year, there were 201 women in a Canadian anesthesiology residency program vs 316 males, a female:male ratio of 0.64:1. Female medical students were less likely to rank anesthesiology residency as their first choice in the annual CaRMS match as compared to their male counterparts; a mean of 21 female medical students ranked an English anesthesiology residency program as their first choice in the CaRMS match, vs a mean of 35 males, from (inclusive). Conclusions: The number (and female:male ratio) of women in anesthesiology in Canada is increasing gradually. However, more males continue to enter the field than women. This may be explained by a lower number of women who rank anesthesiology as their first choice in the annual CaRMS match. Objectif : La spécialité de l anesthésiologie au Canada a traditionnellement compté une plus grande proportion d hommes. Plus récemment, toutefois, la proportion d étudiantes en médecine a augmenté. Nous voulions déterminer si la proportion hommesfemmes dans la spécialité a suivi les mêmes modèles de distribution que ceux des écoles de médecine. Méthode : Les données spécifiques au sexe ont été obtenues du Collège royal des médecins et chirurgiens du Canada, de l Institut canadien d information sur la santé, du Service canadien de jumelage des résidents (SCJR) et des patrons de chacun des 16 Programmes canadiens de résidence en anesthésiologie. Résultats : La proportion femmes:hommes chez les anesthésiologistes praticiens est passée de 0,29:1 en 1998 à 0,34:1 en Le ratio était plus élevé chez les médecins de < 45 ans, à 0,49:1 et plus faible dans le groupe d âge > 64 ans, à 0,16:1. Pour l année académique , il y avait 201 femmes dans un Programme canadien de résidence en anesthésiologie vs 316 hommes, un ratio femmes:hommes de 0,64:1. Les étudiantes en médecine sélectionnaient moins souvent l anesthésiologie comme premier choix de résidence selon le SCJR comparativement à leurs homologues masculins ; une moyenne de 21étudiantes en médecine a choisi un programme anglais de résidence en anesthésiologie comme prioritaire selon le SCJR, vs une moyenne de 35 hommes, de 1993 à 2005, inclusivement. Conclusion : Le nombre de femmes, et le ratio femmes:hommes, en anesthésiologie au Canada augmentent peu à peu. Cependant, plus d hommes que de femmes continuent de s y inscrire. Cette situation pourrait s expliquer par le plus faible nombre de femmes qui classent l anesthésiologie comme premier choix dans le jumelage du SCJR. From the Radiology Residency Training Program,* University of Toronto, Toronto; Ontario, Canada; King s College London, School of Medicine, University of London, London, UK; and the Department of Anesthesia, the University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address correspondence to: Dr. Mark Baerlocher, 13 Marshview Drive, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 3B2, Canada. Phone: ; mark.baerlocher@utoronto.ca The project was not funded by any Departmental or external funding sources. Accepted for publication October 26, Revision accepted November 30, Competing interests: None declared This article is accompanied by an editorial. Please see Can J Anesth 2006; 53: CAN J ANESTH 2006 / 53: 5 / pp
2 438 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA MEDICINE, and in particular, the medical specialties, have traditionally had a higher proportion of male compared to female practitioners. In the latter 20 th century, however, great progress has been made towards gender equalization in medicine. Within Canada, there are currently as many women enrolled in Canadian medical schools as men. 1 The so-called feminization of medicine will likely have important implications in a number of domains, including the patient-physician relationship, local and societal delivery of care, and the medical profession itself. 2 Certainly, the issue is a topic of much debate, on all sides. 3 With equalization of the numbers of men and women within medical school, one might expect the number of women entering anesthesiology to increase concomitantly. However, it is also possible that more women are instead entering other specialties: it is clear, for example, that family medicine is the most popular career choice for female medical students. 4 In this descriptive study, we explore the issue of feminization of anesthesiology in Canada. Specifically, we sought to determine whether or not the gender distribution of anesthesiologists in Canada has changed during the past decade. As a related issue, we also sought to determine the prioritization pattern of medical students, by gender, who ranked anesthesiology as their first choice in the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS). Methods Data were obtained from several organizations. The Canadian Institute for Health Information provided gender-specific data on anesthesiologists currently in Canadian practice from the years 1998 to 2005 (inclusive). The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) provided gender- and age-specific data on the number of Canadian anesthesiologists registered as RCPSC Fellows as of January The CaRMS provided gender-specific data regarding the number of applicants to the Canadian anesthesiology programs which participate in the annual CaRMS match. Specifically, CaRMS provided the numbers of male and female medical students who ranked anesthesiology residency (RCPSC certification track) as their first choice in the matching process, and the proportion of the total number of women and men in the CaRMS match which this represents, for each year from 1993 to 2005 (inclusive). As the medical schools in Québec do not participate in the CaRMs match, this component of the data base included data for the schools which participate in the matching program. Finally, with the cooperation of the Association of TABLE I Total number of practicing anesthesiologists in Canada from , by gender (data from the CIHI)* Year # Females # Males Female:male ratio : : : : : : : :1 *Excludes residents and physicians over the age of 80. Canadian University Departments of Anesthesiology (ACUDA), each of the Programs Directors from the 16 Canadian anesthesiology training programs (13 English, three French) were ed and asked to provide the number of male and female residents within their respective anesthesiology residency training programs as of January, The database included both part-time and full-time anesthesiologists (i.e., RCPSC-certified) practicing in academic and community hospital settings in Canada. Data relating to family-practice anesthetists were not included in this study. Summary data are presented as ratios. Results The ratio of female:male anesthesiologists increased from 0.29:1 in 1998 to 0.34:1 in 2005 (Table I). This ratio was greatest in the younger age categories of practicing anesthesiologists, from 0.49:1 amongst anesthesiologists under the age of 45 to 0.16:1 amongst anesthesiologists over the 64 yr of age (Table II). Males currently outnumber females in Canadian anesthesiology residency training programs (Table III). The female:male ratio amongst anesthesiology residents is greatest at l Université de Sherbrooke (2.7:1), and least at the University of Western Ontario (0.30:1; Table III). The number of male and female medical students ranking an anesthesiology residency program as their top choice in the annual CaRMS match has increased (Figure 1). A greater percentage of the potential male applicant pool ranked an anesthesiology program as their first choice in comparison with the female applicant pool (Figure 2). Grouping data from the years (inclusive), a mean of 21 women ranked an anesthesiology program as their top choice, compared to a mean of 35 men. This represents 3.6% of potential female medical student applicants, and 5.4% of potential male
3 Baerlocher et al.: GENDER ISSUES IN ANESTHESIA 439 TABLE II Total number of anesthesiologists registered as fellows in good standing of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, by age and gender, as of January 2005* Age (yr) # Females # Males Female:male ratio < : : :1 > :1 *Includes retired Fellows. TABLE III Total number of residents enrolled in the thirteen English anesthesia residency training programs in the academic year ending 2005, by gender FIGURE 1 Number of medical students ranking an anesthesiology residency program as top choice in Canadian residency match, by gender, # Females # Males Female:male ratio Memorial University :1 of Newfoundland Dalhousie University :1 McGill University :1 University of Ottawa :1 Queen s University :1 University of Toronto :1 McMaster University :1 University of Western Ontario :1 University of Manitoba :1 University of Saskatchewan :1 University of Alberta :1 University of Calgary :1 University of British Columbia :1 Université Laval :1 Université de Montréal :1 Université de Sherbrooke :1 Total :1 medical student applicants respectively, reflecting a female:male ratio of 0.67:1. As of the academic year, men outnumbered women within anesthesiology residency training programs, with 201 women vs 316 men, a ratio of 0.64:1 (Table III). Two of the three French programs (l Université de Montréal, and l Université de Sherbrooke), and the program at Queen s University have more women than men (female:male ratios of 1.44:1, 2.7:1, and 1.1:1 respectively). The lowest female:male ratio was observed in the program at the University of Western Ontario (0.30:1). Discussion Aside from a transient decrease in the late 1990 s, the number of female medical students within Canadian medical schools has increased steadily over the past four decades, while the number of males has decreased FIGURE 2 Percentage of total male and female medical student applicant pool ranking an anesthesiology residency program as top choice in Canadian residency match, by gender, since a peak in the mid-1970 s. 5 Indeed, graduating female medical students currently outnumber graduating male medical students. This increased female:male ratio amongst medical students has been accompanied by an increased female:male ratio amongst physicians in Canadian practice. 5 Within the practice of anesthesiology in Canada, the current female:male ratio is approximately 0.34:1. This represents a modest increase from a female:male ratio of 0.29:1 observed in Categorized by age, the ratio of female:male anesthesiologists practicing in Canada is greatest within the youngest age groupings: one in three anesthesiologists under the age of 45 is female (a female:male ratio of 0.49:1), vs one in six over the age of 64 (a female:male ratio of 0.16:1; Table II). A discrepancy regarding the number of certified anesthesiologists presented in Tables I and II is due to the fact that retired anesthesiologists were included in the data base of Figure II. The lower number of female anesthesiology residents reflects a proportionately lower application rate by women. This is seen in both the absolute number
4 440 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA of women ranking anesthesiology programs as their first choice, as well as the percentage of the total female applicant pool, compared to males. The pattern of female:male ratios of applicants over the past 13 years has not been consistent. However, we project that the female:male ratio of anesthesiologists in clinical practice will continue to increase, possibly approaching an equilibrium value near 0.67:1. This projection may not apply to the three French programs, as data from these centres are not available through the CaRMS match. A previous study has shown an absence of gender discrimination at the level of Canadian residency selection committees. 4 This matter was not evaluated in the current study. However, potential factors possibly dissuading female medical students from selecting a career in anesthesiology must be considered. For example, lifestyle factors such as pressure to start a family may play a role, particularly during residency training. There is no question, for example, that proportionately more female medical students rank family medicine as their top choice in the CaRMS matching program, 4 and the shorter training period is an important determinant. Strategies to attract more female applicants to anesthesiology are complex, and issues related to family planning, and the prolonged specialty training program are important considerations. 6 In a survey of 946 members of the Canadian Anesthesiologists Society conducted in 1998, Jenkins and Wong reported that women were as satisfied with their professional careers as their male counterparts. 7 In a South African study, Gardner et al. 8 reported that female anesthesiologists have high career satisfaction; however they also reported that women are more likely to report gender discrimination and harassment. It may be possible, to increase attraction to the specialty by examining such factors such as work-related stress, and ability to influence the work environment. 9 Providing the option of practicing on a part-time basis is another factor which departments must also consider. Finally, increasing numbers of women entering anesthesiology will create additional issues: the recent Ryten report 10 found that female anesthesiologists work fewer hours than their male counterparts until the age of 55, particularly in the youngest age groups. Female anesthesiologists between the ages of 30 and 39 work, on average, 70% less than male anesthesiologists. As the changing gender balance leads to an increasing female:male ratio amongst anesthesiologists, there may be additional human resource implications for the specialty of anesthesia. There are several limitations to this study. First, the data in Table III provide only a snapshot of the gender ratios amongst anesthesiology residents for the year Essentially, the ratios shown represent an average of the gender ratio over 5 years, Post-Graduate Years 1-5. Second, the data shown in Figures 1 and 2 refer only to males and females who ranked an anesthesia program as their top choice, and does not take into account those who ranked an anesthesia program as their second or lower choices. In conclusion, there is an increase in the number (and an increase in the female:male ratio) of practicing female anesthesiologists in Canada. Although the number of female specialists continues to rise, the application rate to anesthesiology residency training programs continues to be lower amongst graduating female medical students compared to that of their male counterparts. Steps to equalize the gender distribution of anesthesiologists in Canada should examine measures to ensure the specialty is able to recruit effectively from the cohort of graduating medical students. Acknowledgements The authors sincerely thank representatives from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the Canadian Residency Matching Service, and the Program Directors of the Anesthesiology Residency Training Programs of each of the 16 Canadian Medical Schools, for providing the data presented in this study. References 1 Burton KR, Wong IK. A force to contend with: the gender gap closes in Canadian medical schools. CMAJ 2004; 170: Levinson W, Lurie N. When most doctors are women: what lies ahead? Ann Intern Med 2004; 141: Sibbald B. Feminization of medicine - people say it like it s a bad thing. CMAJ 2002; 167: Baerlocher MO, Detsky AS. Are applicants to Canadian residency programs rejected because of their sex? CMAJ 2005; 173: Baerlocher MO, Walker M. Does gender impact upon success rate amongst Canadian radiology residency applicants? CARJ 2005; 56: Strange Khursandi DC. Unpacking the burden: gender issues in anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 1998; 26: Jenkins K, Wong D. A survey of professional satisfaction among Canadian anesthesiologists. Can J Anesth 2001; 48: Gardner SV, James MF, Evans NR. Gender issues among South African anaesthetists. S Afr Med J 2002; 92:
5 Baerlocher et al.: GENDER ISSUES IN ANESTHESIA Frank E, McMurray JE, Linzer M, Elon L. Career satisfaction of US women physicians: results from the Women Physicians Health Study. Society of General Internal Medicine Career Satisfaction Study Group. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: Ryten E. A physician workforce planning model for the specialty of anesthesia: theoretical and practical considerations. Available from URL; org/acuda/en/ryten.html.
Education Performance on ABA- ASA In-training Examination predicts success for RCPSC certification
914 Education Performance on ABA- ASA In-training Examination predicts success for RCPSC certification Ramona A. Kearney MD FRCPC, Patrick Sullivan MD FRCPC, Ernest Skakun PhD Purpose: Most Canadian University
More informationPhysiotherapists in Canada, 2011 National and Jurisdictional Highlights
pic pic pic Physiotherapists in Canada, 2011 National and Jurisdictional Highlights Spending and Health Workforce Our Vision Better data. Better decisions. Healthier Canadians. Our Mandate To lead the
More informationGERIATRIC MEDICINE PROFILE
GERIATRIC MEDICINE PROFILE Geriatric Medicine deals with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, remedial and social aspects of illness in older people, mainly patients 75 years of age or more. Most certified
More informationENDOCRINOLOGY/METABOLISM PROFILE
ENDOCRINOLOGY/METABOLISM PROFILE GENERAL INFORMATION (Source: Pathway Evaluation Program, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, The Hormone Foundation) Endocrinology and Metabolism is the branch of
More informationSupply, Distribution and Migration of Canadian Physicians, 2010
Supply, Distribution and Migration of Canadian Physicians, 2010 Spending and Health Workforce Who We Are Established in 1994, CIHI is an independent, not-for-profit corporation that provides essential
More informationOTOLARYNGOLOGY PROFILE
OTOLARYNGOLOGY PROFILE Otolaryngology is concerned with the screening, diagnosis and management of medical and surgical disorders of the ear, the upper respiratory and upper alimentary systems, and related
More informationDERMATOLOGY PROFILE GENERAL INFORMATION
DERMATOLOGY PROFILE GENERAL INFORMATION (Sources: the Canadian Medical Residency Guide and Pathway Evaluation Program, Royal College) Dermatology is a diverse specialty that deals with benign and malignant
More informationRespirology manpower in Canada A report for the Canadian Thoracic Society Education Committee
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Respirology manpower in Canada A report for the Canadian Thoracic Society Education Committee Donald W Cockcroft MD FRCPC 1, David Wensley MD FRCPC 2 1 Department of Medicine, Division
More informationResults of a national needs. assessment for continuing medical education of family
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Results of a national needs assessment for continuing medical education of family physicians related to erectile dysfunction and/or male sexual dysfunction Richard A Ward MD CCFP FCFP
More informationTABLE D-1 POST-M.D. TRAINEES EXITING QUEBEC TRAINING PROGRAMS IN JULY, 2014 AT THE COMPLETION OF POST-M.D. TRAINING
TABLE D-1 Family Medicine Emergency Medicine (CFPC) Care of the Elderly (CFPC) Enhanced Skills: Fam. Med. Training FAMILY MEDICINE SUBTOTAL Anesthesiology Critical Care (Anes.) Public Health and Preventive
More informationTABLE D-1 POST-M.D. TRAINEES EXITING ONTARIO TRAINING PROGRAMS IN JULY, 2013 AT THE COMPLETION OF POST-M.D. TRAINING
TABLE D-1 Family Medicine Emergency Medicine (CFPC) Care of the Elderly (CFPC) Enhanced Skills: Other Fam. Med. Training FAMILY MEDICINE SUBTOTAL Palliative Medicine TRAINING FOLLOWING FAMILY MEDICINE
More informationGeographic Location, Field of Post-M.D. Training
TABLE D-1 Family Medicine Emergency Medicine (CFPC) Care of the Elderly (CFPC) Enhanced Skills: Fam. Med. Training FAMILY MEDICINE SUBTOTAL Anesthesiology Critical Care (Anes.) Public Health and Preventive
More informationGeographic Location, Field of Post-M.D. Training
TABLE D-1 Family Medicine Emergency Medicine (CFPC) Care of the Elderly (CFPC) Enhanced Skills: Other Fam. Med. Training FAMILY MEDICINE SUBTOTAL Anesthesiology Critical Care (Anes.) Public Health and
More informationPOST-M.D. TRAINEES EXITING ALBERTA TRAINING PROGRAMS IN JULY, 2015 AT THE COMPLETION OF POST-M.D
TABLE D-1 Family Medicine Emergency Medicine (CFPC) Care of the Elderly (CFPC) Enhanced Skills: Fam. Med. Training FAMILY MEDICINE SUBTOTAL Anesthesiology Public Health and Preventive Medicine Dermatology
More informationORTHOPEDIC SURGERY PROFILE
ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY PROFILE Orthopedic surgery focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of diseases of the bones, joints, ligament, muscles, tendons and nerves. These specialists
More informationThe Projection of Prevalence and Cost of Diabetes in Canada: 2000 to 2016
The Projection of Prevalence and Cost of Diabetes in Canada: to 2016 diabetes prevalence and cost in canada: 2016 1 Arto Ohinmaa 1,2 PhD, Philip Jacobs 1,2 PhD, Scot Simpson 1 PharmD MSc, Jeffrey A. Johnson
More informationMamdani et al 1 used data from the Ontario Drug Benefits. Trends in Antidepressant Prescriptions Among the Elderly in Alberta During 1997 to 2004
Brief Communication Trends in Antidepressant Prescriptions Among the Elderly in Alberta During 1997 to 2004 Stephen C Newman, MD, MSc 1 ; Don Schopflocher, PhD 2 Objective: To analyze trends in antidepressant
More informationGeriatric Medicine. Geriatric Medicine Profile
Updated August 2018 Click on any of the contents below to navigate to the slide. Please click the home icon located at the top right of each slide to return to the table of contents slide. TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationCCORT ATLAS PAPER. Outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in Canada
CCORT ATLAS PAPER Outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in Canada Jack V Tu MD PhD FRCPC 1,2,3,4, Peter C Austin PhD 2,3, Woganee A Filate MHSc 2,3, Helen L Johansen PhD 5, Susan E Brien PhD 2, Louise
More informationPhysical Medicine & Rehabilitation. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Profile
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Updated March 2018 Click on any of the contents below to navigate to the slide. Please click the home icon located at the top right of each slide to return to the table
More informationSuicide in the Canadian Forces 1995 to 2012
Suicide in the Canadian Forces 1995 to 2012 Laura Bogaert MSc, Jeff Whitehead MD MSc FRCPC, Miriam Wiens MSc, Elizabeth Rolland MSc PhD Directorate of Force Health Protection Surg Gen Report Surg Gen Health
More informationCritical Care Medicine. Critical Care Medicine Profile
Updated March 2018 Click on any of the contents below to navigate to the slide. Please click the home icon located at the top right of each slide to return to the table of contents slide. TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationBariatric Surgery in Canada
DATA MATTERS Bariatric Surgery in Canada La chirurgie bariatrique au Canada Obesity rates for Canadian adults are much higher today than in the past; however, rates of bariatric surgery, a treatment for
More informationNATIONAL PALLIATIVE MEDICINE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
NATIONAL PALLIATIVE MEDICINE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Canadian Society of Palliative Care Physicians Canadian Medical Association College of Family Physicians of Canada Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons
More informationGeneral Internal Medicine. General Internal Medicine Profile
Updated March 2018 1 Click on any of the contents below to navigate to the slide. Please click the home icon located at the top right of each slide to return to the table of contents slide. TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationImproving access to oral health care for vulnerable people living in Canada. A Canadian Academy of Health Sciences Report
Improving access to oral health care for vulnerable people living in Canada A Canadian Academy of Health Sciences Report Acknowledgements Sponsors: Association of Canadian Faculties of Dentistry Canadian
More informationRates of depression and anxiety among female medical students in Pakistan F. Rab, 1 R. Mamdou 2 and S. Nasir 1
126 La Revue de Santé de la Méditerranée orientale, Vol. 14, N o 1, 2008 Rates of depression and anxiety among female medical students in Pakistan F. Rab, 1 R. Mamdou 2 and S. Nasir 1 2002 87 43.7 19.5
More informationCCORT ATLAS PAPER Cardiac procedures after an acute myocardial infarction across nine Canadian provinces
CCORT ATLAS PAPER Cardiac procedures after an acute myocardial infarction across nine Canadian provinces Louise Pilote MD MPH PhD 1, Patrick Merrett BSc 1, Igor Karp MD MPH 1, David Alter MD PhD 2, Peter
More informationNeurology. Neurology Profile
Updated March 2018 Click on any of the contents below to navigate to the slide. Please click the home icon located at the top right of each slide to return to the table of contents slide. Neurology Slide
More informationCorneal transplant (CT) surgery remains the most common
Efficacy of Routine Notification and Request on reducing corneal transplantation wait times in Canada Mahta Rasouli,* MD; Valerie B. Caraiscos, MD, PhD; Allan R. Slomovic, MA, MD, FRCSC ABSTRACT RÉSUMÉ
More informationCanadian Society for Vascular Surgery Société canadienne de chirurgie vasculaire
Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery Société canadienne de chirurgie vasculaire CANADIAN HUMAN RESOURCE NEEDS IN VASCULAR SURGERY Kenneth A. Harris, MD; John L. Provan, MB* OBJECTIVE: To outline the distribution
More informationMental Health Service Use Among Children and Youth in Ontario: Population-Based Trends Over Time
Canadian Psychiatric Association Brief Communication Mental Health Service Use Among Children and Youth in Ontario: Population-Based Trends Over Time Association des psychiatres du Canada The Canadian
More informationCreation of Priority Criteria for Corneal Transplantation and Analysis of Factors Associated with Surgery Following Implementation
A B S T R A C T Purpose: We sought to test the effectiveness and application of a system for prioritizing corneal disease patients for corneal transplantation. Methods: All patients wait-listed for corneal
More informationThere is increasing concern over the presence and availability
REVIEW Canadian pediatric gastroenterology workforce: Current status, concerns and future projections Véronique Morinville MDCM FRCPC 1,3, Éric Drouin MD FRCPC 1,3, Dominique Lévesque MD FRCPC 1,4, Victor
More informationObstetric and Gynecologic Resident Ultrasound Education Project
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Obstetric and Gynecologic Resident Ultrasound Education Project Is the Current Level of Gynecologic Ultrasound Training in Canada Meeting the Needs of Residents and Faculty? Jessica Green,
More informationInforming a research agenda for the Canadian chiropractic profession
Commentary Informing a research agenda for the Canadian chiropractic profession Simon D French, PhD, MPH, BAppSc(Chiro)¹,2 Ronda Parkes, BFA 3 Paul Bruno, BHK, DC, PhD 4 Steven Passmore, Hons BKin, MS,
More informationOne of the most salient public
Heavy Drinking on Canadian Campuses Louis Gliksman, PhD 1 Edward M. Adlaf, PhD 2 Andrée Demers, PhD 3 Brenda Newton-Taylor, MA 4 ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the prevalence and frequency of heavy drinking
More informationCan you use a sequential sample of patients as a substitute for a full practice audit? ABSTRACT
Research Print short, Web long* Can you use a sequential sample of patients as a substitute for a full practice audit? Study of mammography screening rates in 20 family practices in Ontario Graham Swanson
More informationResearch. Care of the elderly training. Implications for family medicine. Print short, Web long*
Care of the elderly training Implications for family medicine Research Print short, Web long* Christopher Frank MD Rachelle Seguin MA MPA ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the practice patterns and clinical
More informationAcademic anesthesiologists views on the importance of the impact factor of scientific journals: a North American and European survey
953 General Anesthesia Academic anesthesiologists views on the importance of the impact factor of scientific journals: a North American and European survey L opinion des universitaires en anesthésiologie
More informationPalliative Medicine: Program Description
Program Description: Palliative Medicine: Program Description Palliative Medicine was recently approved as a subspecialty by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC). The Subspecialty
More informationClustering of opioid prescribing and opioid-related mortality among family physicians in Ontario
Research Web exclusive Clustering of opioid prescribing and opioid-related mortality among family physicians in Ontario Irfan A. Dhalla MD MSc FRCPC Muhammad M. Mamdani PharmD MA MPH Tara Gomes MHSc David
More informationOCC1 549 THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN OT2. Susanne Mak
Credits: 4 OCC1 549 THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN OT2 Prerequisite: Course Coordinator: Course Instructors: Successful completion of OCC1 545 Therapeutic Strategies in OT1 Susanne Mak Cynthia Perlman, Marie-Ève
More informationPrevalence of Pathological Gambling in Quebec in 2002
Original Research Prevalence of Pathological Gambling in Quebec in 2002 Robert Ladouceur, PhD 1, Christian Jacques, MPs 2, Serge Chevalier, MSc 3, Serge Sévigny, MA 2, Denis Hamel, MSc 4 Objective: To
More informationoriginal Article Younger age and prognosis in diverticulitis: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Younger age and prognosis in diverticulitis: A nationwide retrospective cohort study Roshan Razik MD 1, Christopher A Chong MD 2, Geoffrey C Nguyen MD PhD FRCPC 1,3,4 R Razik, CA Chong, GC Nguyen. Younger
More informationWhat is the distribution of deaths due to cerebrovascular disease in Ontario?
What is the distribution of deaths due to cerebrovascular disease in Ontario? Corinne Hodgson, MA, MSc Abstract Background: Although it has been known for some time that mortality from cardiovascular disease
More informationResearch. Boundaries and overlap. Community medicine or public health doctors and primary care physicians. Print short, Web long*
Research Print short, Web long* Boundaries and overlap Community medicine or public health doctors and primary care physicians Margaret L. Russell MD PhD FRCPC Lynn McIntyre MD MHSc FRCPC ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE
More informationThe primary goal of breast cancer
Retention of Screened Women in the Manitoba Breast Screening Program Kathleen M. Decker, MHSA ABSTRACT Background: The retention rate or the percentage of women who return to screening within 30 months
More informationUpdate on Royal College Areas of Focused Competence (Diploma) Programs. Application Sponsor: National Body / Specialty Society
Update on Areas of Focused Competence (Diploma) AFC (Diploma) Program 1 Acute Care Point of Care Ultrasonography (Acute Care POCUS) Emergency Paediatric Emergency of Point-of-care Ultrasonography EM Fellowships
More informationOriginal Article Article original
Original Article Article original Use of traditional medicine among patients at a First Nations community health centre Sarah Jane Cook, BSc Hon At the time of writing, Sarah Jane Cook was a medical student
More informationPHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION () INTRODUCTION The consultant in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (or physiatrist) is a medical specialist expert in the comprehensive diagnosis, management and
More informationEffect of advanced access scheduling on chronic health care in a Canadian practice
Research Web exclusive Effect of advanced access scheduling on chronic health care in a Canadian practice Julie Gladstone MD Michelle Howard MSc PhD Abstract Objective To determine the effect of advanced
More informationComparison of,,;election of preoperative laboratory tests: the computer vs the anaesthetist
1156 Comparison of,,;election of preoperative laboratory tests: the computer vs the anaesthetist J.M. Davies MSc MD FRCPC,* O. Pagenkopf RRT,* K.Todd md FRCPath,~ B. Werry MD FRCPC,~ B.A. Finegan MB FRCPCw
More informationSurvey of Canadian chiropractors involvement in the treatment of patients under the age of 18
Survey of Canadian chiropractors 0008-3194/99/50 57/$2.00/ JCCA 1999 Survey of Canadian chiropractors involvement in the treatment of patients under the age of 18 Marja J Verhoef, PhD* Costa Papadopoulos,
More informationAnita Chakravarti, MD Mateen Raazi, MD Jennifer O Brien, PhD Breanna Balaton, MD
Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth (2017) 64:185 198 DOI 10.1007/s12630-016-0772-1 SPECIAL ARTICLE Anesthesiology Resident Wellness Program at the University of Saskatchewan: concept and development Le programme
More informationCultural diversity and population
Health Status of Older Chinese in Canada Findings from the SF-36 Health Survey Daniel W.L. Lai, PhD ABSTRACT Background: Despite the fact that the Chinese belong to the largest visible minority group in
More informationoriginal article Rubella immunity among pregnant women in a Canadian provincial screening program
original article Rubella immunity among pregnant women in a Canadian provincial screening program Mark J Kearns BSc 1, Sabrina S Plitt PhD 2, Bonita E Lee MD MSc 3, Joan L Robinson MD 3 MJ Kearns, SS Plitt,
More informationMeasuring and Mapping the Rheumatology Workforce in Canada An update for: Royal College- National Speciality Societies Human Resource for Health
Measuring and Mapping the Rheumatology Workforce in Canada An update for: Royal College- National Speciality Societies Human Resource for Health Dialogue June 2 nd 2017 Dr. Dianne Mosher The burden of
More informationoriginal article Long-term management of patients with celiac disease: Current practices of gastroenterologists in Canada
Long-term management of patients with celiac disease: Current practices of gastroenterologists in Canada JA Silvester, M Rashid. Long-term management of patients with celiac disease: Current practices
More informationApplying structural equation modeling to Canadian Chiropractic Examining Board measures
0008-3194/2006/134 139/$2.00/ JCCA 2006 Applying structural equation modeling to Canadian Chiropractic Examining Board measures Douglas M. Lawson, DC, MSc, PhD (c)* The purpose of this research project
More informationUpdate on Royal College Areas of Focused Competence (Diploma) Programs. Application Sponsor: National Body / Specialty Society
Update on Areas of Focused Competence (Diploma) AFC (Diploma) Program 1 Acute Care Point of Care Ultrasonography (Acute Care POCUS) Emergency Paediatric Emergency of Point-of-care Ultrasonography EM Fellowships
More informationAbstract. Résumé. Introduction
Original research Referral and treatment rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer before and after publication of a clinical practice guideline Brendan J.W. Miles, MD, MPA; *
More informationFAMILY MEDICINE GROUPS AND VISITS TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AMONG DIABETICS IN QUEBEC BETWEEN 2000 AND 2011
FAMILY MEDICINE GROUPS AND VISITS TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AMONG DIABETICS IN QUEBEC BETWEEN 2000 AND 2011 Renee Carter, Ph.D. candidate, McGill University Amélie Quesnel-Vallée, Ph.D., McGill University
More informationOptometry Services in Ontario: Supply- and Demand-Side Factors from 2011 to 2036
RESEARCH PAPER Optometry Services in Ontario: Supply- and Demand-Side Factors from 2011 to 2036 Services d optométrie en Ontario : facteurs liés à l offre et facteurs liés à la demande, de 2011 à 2036
More informationAcademic Critical Care Medicine. University of Alberta
Academic Critical Care Medicine University of Alberta Established Specialty Critical Care Medicine now embodies a unique body of knowledge of the epidemiology, assessment, treatment and outcomes of critical
More informationTHE EFFECT OF AGE AND SAFETY MARGIN ON LOCAL RECURRENCE AND SURVIVAL AFTER BREAST CONSERVATIVE SURGERY FOR EARLY BREAST CANCER
Copyright 2017 Balkan Medical Union vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 176-180 June 2017 ORIGINAL PAPER THE EFFECT OF AGE AND SAFETY MARGIN ON LOCAL RECURRENCE AND SURVIVAL AFTER BREAST CONRVATIVE SURGERY FOR EARLY BREAST
More informationSUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF CANADIAN
SOUTHAM M E D I C A L D A T A B A S E SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF CANADIAN PHYSICIANS, 2002 Supply, Distribution and Migration of Canadian Physicians, 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this
More informationCAHS report on access to oral health care: strategic pressure for change. A Presentation for Public Health Ontario August 2015
CAHS report on access to oral health care: strategic pressure for change A Presentation for Public Health Ontario August 2015 Presentation outline Background brief overview of CAHS report Focus of presentation
More informationCANM - CAMRT
Canadian Association of Medical Radiation s Association canadienne des technologues en radiation médicale Vancouver 2018 2018 CANM - CAMRT Joint Annual Conference Conférence annuelle de l'acmn et de l
More informationIn most countries, population estimates
Proxy Reporting and the Increasing Prevalence of Arthritis in Canada Anthony V. Perruccio, MHSc 1,2 Elizabeth M. Badley, DPhil 1,2 ABSTRACT Background: Analyses of the 1994/95 to 1998/99 Canadian National
More informationA GROUP DESENSITIZATION APPROACH TO PUBLIC SPEAKING ANXIETY*
106 CANADIAN COUNSELLOR. VOL. 8, No. 2. APRIL. 1974 CLIFFORD AKIN, Calgary Division of Mental Health, Calgary, Alberta. GLEN G. KUNZMAN, Counselling Service, University of Manitoba. A GROUP DESENSITIZATION
More informationSeveral recent studies have documented
Overweight and Obesity Mortality Trends in Canada, 1985-2000 Peter T. Katzmarzyk 1,2 Christopher I. Ardern 1 ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the temporal trends in the mortality burden attributed to
More informationUpdate on Royal College Areas of Focused Competence (Diploma) Programs. Application Sponsor: National Body / Specialty Society
Update on Areas of Focused Competence (Diploma) AFC (Diploma) Program 1 Acute Care Point of Care Ultrasonography (Acute Care POCUS) Emergency Medicine Paediatric Emergency Medicine Canadian of Point-of-care
More informationAN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF DOGMATISM AND ITS RELATION TO GROUP RESPONSE
278 CANADIAN COUNSELLOR, VOL. 6, No.4, OCTOBER, 1972 WILLIAM M. TALLEY, Depa1'tment of Counsellor Education, McGill University, and PETER VAMOS, G1'aduate Studies, Depa1'tment of Counsellor Education,
More informationBreaking Down the Problem: Physician Perspectives
Breaking Down the Problem: Physician Perspectives Dean Bajorin, MD, FACP Co-Chair, ASCO Workforce Advisory Group Institute of Medicine National Cancer Policy Forum Ensuring Quality Cancer Care through
More informationRob C. Tanzola, MD Sam Walsh, BSc Wilma M. Hopman, MA Devin Sydor, MD Ramiro Arellano, MD Rene V. Allard, MD
Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth (2013) 60:32 37 DOI 10.1007/s12630-012-9811-8 REPORTS OF ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS Brief report: Focused transthoracic echocardiography training in a cohort of Canadian anesthesiology
More informationCOLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS OF NEW BRUNSWICK
COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS OF NEW BRUNSWICK Registration Checklist Canadian Educated - Recent Graduates Print name: Enclose a copy of this checklist with your application For applications to CPTNB, all
More informationANNUAL CENSUS OF POST-M.D. TRAINEES RCEP CAPER TOTAL CANADIAN POST-M.D. EDUCATION REGISTRY EDUCATION REGISTRY % + EDUCATION REGISTRY
CANADIAN POST-M.D. EDUCATION REGISTRY 16-17 EDUCATION REGISTRY ENREGISTREMENT D ÉDUCATION 2 2 13 13 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 13 13 12 11 11 1 61 61 60 1 103 107 59 41 35 3 1 349 348 1 346 3 75 79 064 20 379
More informationExploring patient perceptions of PSA screening for prostate cancer
Research Web exclusive Exploring patient perceptions of PSA screening for prostate cancer Risks, effectiveness, and importance Scott D. Smith MD MSc Richard Birtwhistle MD MSc Abstract Objective To study
More informationSPECIAL ARTICLE. Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth (2016) 63: DOI /s
Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth (2016) 63:1357 1363 DOI 10.1007/s12630-016-0733-8 SPECIAL ARTICLE Simulation-based assessment of anesthesiology residents competence: development and implementation of the Canadian
More informationQuality indicators for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in primary care. Abstract
Research Web exclusive Research Quality indicators for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in primary care Jessica Hopkins MD MHSc CCFP Gina Agarwal MB BS MRCGP CCFP PhD Lisa Dolovich PharmD MSc Abstract
More informationObesity and Joint Replacement Surgery in Canada: Findings from the Canadian Joint Replacement Registry (CJRR)
DATA MATTERS Obesity and Joint Replacement Surgery in Canada: Findings from the Canadian Joint Replacement Registry (CJRR) L obésité et la chirurgie de remplacement articulaire au Canada : constatations
More informationoriginal article Improving access to care by allowing self-referral to a hepatitis C clinic
original article Improving access to care by allowing self-referral to a hepatitis C clinic Karen Doucette MD MSc FRCPC 1, Vicki Robson RN 2, Stephen Shafran MD 1, Dennis Kunimoto MD 1 K Doucette, V Robson,
More informationAssessment of the Impact of Fear of Hypoglycemic Episodes on Glycemic and Hypoglycemia Management
186 Assessment of the Impact of Fear of Hypoglycemic Episodes on Glycemic and Hypoglycemia Management Lawrence A. Leiter 1 MD, Jean-François Yale 2 MD, Jean-Louis Chiasson 3 MD, Stewart B. Harris 4 MD,
More informationMedicine versus surgery/anesthesiology intensivists: a retrospective review and comparison of outcomes in a mixed medical surgical trauma ICU
RESEARCH RECHERCHE Medicine versus surgery/anesthesiology intensivists: a retrospective review and comparison of outcomes in a mixed medical surgical trauma ICU James Lee, B Eng, MD Sameena Iqbal, MD Ash
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE Indications for interferon/ribavirin therapy in hepatitis C patients: Findings from a survey of Canadian hepatologists
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Indications for interferon/ribavirin therapy in hepatitis C patients: Findings from a survey of Canadian hepatologists Peter Wang MD PhD(c) 1, Qilong Yi MD PhD 2, Linda Scully MD FRCPC
More information2017 JOB MARKET & EMPLOYMENT SURVEY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2017 JOB MARKET & EMPLOYMENT SURVEY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Pay & Employment Rates The Canadian Dental Hygienists Association (CDHA) retained Framework Partners Inc. to conduct the 2017 Job Market and Employment
More informationAbreast screening program s responsibility
Facilitated Fast Track Referral Reduces Time from Abnormal Screening Mammogram to Diagnosis Marilyn J. Borugian, PhD 1,2 Paula B. Gordon, MD, FRCPC 1 Lisa Kan, MSc 1 Barbara Poole, MPA 5 Christina C.Y.
More informationAussi disponible en français sous le titre : Le Diabète au Canada : Rapport du Système national de surveillance du diabète, 2009
Report from the National Diabetes Surveillance System: Diabetes in Canada, 29 To promote and protect the health of Canadians through leadership, partnership, innovation and action in public health. Public
More informationColposcopic Episodes of Care: Referral, Treatment, Follow-Up, and Exit Patterns of Care for Women With Abnormal Pap Smears
GYNAECOLOGY Colposcopic Episodes of Care: Referral, Treatment, Follow-Up, and Exit Patterns of Care for Women With Abnormal Pap Smears Rachel Kupets, MD, 1 Yan Lu, MSc, 2 Danielle Vicus, MD, 1 Lawrence
More informationAcute pain management services have progressed, albeit insufficiently in Canadian academic hospitals
REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN 231 Acute pain management services have progressed, albeit insufficiently in Canadian academic hospitals [Les services de traitement de la douleur aiguë ont évolué, mais pas
More informationWeight Change During Diet and Exercise Interventions Among Overweight Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Chart Review
weight change and interventions 255 original research Weight Change During Diet and Exercise Interventions Among Overweight Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Chart Review Golyar Keyhan 1 MD FRCPC,
More informationOn an ongoing basis, the Tobacco
Mortality Attributable to Tobacco Use in Canada and its Regions, 1998 Eva M. Makomaski Illing, BA, BEd Murray J. Kaiserman, PhD, MBA ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this report is to calculate 1998
More informationThe Medical Outcomes Study
Is There Regional Variation in the SF-36 Scores of Canadian Adults? Wilma M. Hopman, MA 1 Jacques P. Brown, MD 6 Claudie Berger, MSc 2 Timothy M. Murray, MD Lawrence Joseph, PhD 3 Jonathan D. Adachi, MD
More informationPredictors of Professional and Personal Satisfaction With a Career in Psychiatry
Original Research Predictors of Professional and Personal Satisfaction With a Career in Psychiatry Paul E Garfinkel, MD, FRCPC 1, R Michael Bagby, PhD, CPsych 2, Deborah R Schuller, MD, FRCPC 3, Susan
More informationProvincial Projections of Arthritis or Rheumatism, Special Report to the Canadian Rheumatology Association
ARTHRITIS COMMUNITY RESEARCH & EVALUATION UNIT (ACREU) The Arthritis and Immune Disorder Research Centre Health Care Research Division University Health Network February, 2000 Provincial Projections of
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE. Empyema: An increasing concern in Canada
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Empyema: An increasing concern in Canada Christian Finley MD MPH 1, Joanne Clifton MSc 1, J Mark FitzGerald MB MD FRCP FACCP 2, John Yee MD FRCSC 1 C Finley, J Clifton, JM FitzGerald,
More informationThe At Home / Chez Soi Demonstration Project
The At Home / Chez Soi Demonstration Project Tim Aubry, Ph.D., C.Psych School of Psychology & CRECS, University of Ottawa Calgary Homelessnes Foundation, Research Forum on Datasets May 4, 2016 Design of
More informationResearch. Is Canadian women s breast cancer screening behaviour associated with having a family doctor? Web exclusive Research
Research Web exclusive Research Is Canadian women s breast cancer screening behaviour associated with having a family doctor? Barbara Poole MPA Charlyn Black MD ScD Karen Gelmon MD Lisa Kan MSc Abstract
More information