PIRFO. Whale, dolphin and sea birds ID cards for Pacific Islands Regional Fisheries Observers
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1 PIRFO Whale, dolphin and sea birds ID cards for Pacific Islands Regional Fisheries Observers Prepared by the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia, 2016
2 Pacific Community, 2016 These identification cards are produced by the Pacific Community (SPC) to help with the identification of species of special interest (protected species) encountered by Fisheries Observers while onboard commercial tuna boats that fish in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). The species included in these cards are the ones commonly recorded by observers on tuna vessels operating in the WCPO. The cards can be easily accessed by observers while working on deck during fishing operations to verify and correctly identify species. The cards also assist in training observers operating within the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Convention Area. Printing of these cards was made possible through financial assistance provided by the Japan Trust Fund. This project was coordinated by SPC s Oceanic Fisheries Programme Fisheries Monitoring Section and Fisheries Information Section. Colour illustrations by Hazel Adams (p. 4-8), Youngmi Choi (p ); black and white illustrations courtesy of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This publication is based on the Marine species identification manual for horizontal longline fishermen by Chapman et al. (2006). First published Original text: English Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Pacific Islands Regional Fisheries Observers (PIRFO): whale, dolphin and sea birds ID cards for Pacific Islands Regional Fisheries Observers / prepared by the Pacific Community 1. Marine fishes Identification Oceania. 4. Fishery management Oceania. 2. Marine fishes Classification Oceania. 5. Fishes Identification Oceania. 3. Marine mammals Identification Oceania. I. Title II. Pacific Community AACR2 ISBN:
3 Baleen whales Rostrum Blowholes Dorsal fin Peduncle or tail stock Baleen plates Ventral grooves Flipper (pectoral fin) Flanks Flukes Baleen whales 3
4 Baleen whales 4 Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus Small dorsal fin located far back on the body Body blue/grey mottled colouration BLW Maximum length: 30 m
5 Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus Single median ridge on the rostrum FIW Maximum length: 24 m White lower right jaw Baleen whales 5
6 Baleen whales 6 Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis Large falcate dorsal fin Single distinct ridge on the rostrum SIW Maximum length: 18 m
7 Bryde s whale Balaenoptera edeni Three distinct longitudinal ridges on the rostrum BRW Maximum length: 15 m Baleen whales 7
8 Baleen whales 8 Minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata Dorsal fin is tall and falcate White patch on each flipper White underside belly MIW Maximum length: 9 m
9 Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae Knobby protrusions on rostrum and pectoral flippers Barnacles on the chin Elongated flippers Distinct scalloped edge with a white-flecked underside HUW Maximum length: 16 m Baleen whales 9
10 Toothed whales 10 Toothed whales Cape (colour, depth and size may depend on sex, age, life status and where they are seen in the water) Beak or rostrum Forehead (melon) Blowhole Ear Dorsal fin (falcate shaped like a sickle) Fluke notch Flukes Mouth line Mouth Crease Flipper Belly Navel Mammary slits (female only) Uro-genital slit
11 Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus Huge square head Unique blow for a cetacean, with blow directed at an angle forward and to the left Low dorsal hump followed by a series of knuckles Body appears wrinkled PPW Maximum length: 18 m Toothed whales 11
12 Toothed whales 12 Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps Dorsal fin tiny, located after mid-back Body may appear wrinkled Small narrow jaw No creases on throat Short flippers located far forward on body PYW Maximum length: 3.7 m
13 Dwarf sperm whale Kogia simus Dorsal fin tiny, located after mid-back Body may appear wrinkled Small narrow jaw Creases on throat Short flippers located far forward on body DWW Maximum length: 2.7 m Toothed whales 13
14 Toothed whales 14 Cuvier s beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris Melon forehead (males white / less distinct in females) Long white scratches on upper body and sides (males) Short indistinct beak Two small circular teeth at tip of lower jaw (males) White to cream blotches on underside BCW Maximum length: 7 m
15 Blainville s beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris Large horn-like teeth erupt from lower jaw (males) Flattened forehead Pale blotches all over body scratches (males) Dark bluish-grey upperside / light grey underside Strong arched lower jaw Pale belly BBW Maximum length: 5 m Toothed whales 15
16 Toothed whales 16 False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens Dorsal fin with pointed tip, located mid-back Long slim tapered head Indistinct cape when viewed from boat Dark body Straight mouth line Distinctive hump on front margin of flippers FAW Maximum length: 6 m
17 Short finned pilot whales Globicephala macrorhynchus Dorsal fin base broad, rounded tip, located well forward Melon shaped head extends past mouth Cape or saddle behind dorsal fin often visible Dark body Upturned mouth line Flippers gently curved, pointed tips SHW Maximum length: 6 m Toothed whales 17
18 Toothed whales 18 Melon-headed Whale Peponocephala electra Cape dips below dorsal fin Head triangular when seen from above Dorsal fin tall, falcate Dark body White lips Sharply pointed flippers MEW Maximum length: 2.7 m
19 Pygmy Killer Whale Feresa attenuata Head slightly melon shaped Narrow cape Dorsal fin tall, falcate Dark body Lips, chin and belly white Long flippers with rounded tips KPW Maximum length: 3 m Toothed whales 19
20 Dolphins 20 Dolphins Beak Forehead Eye Cape Dorsal fin (falcate shaped like a sickle) Flukes Fluke notch Mouth Flipper Belly Navel Uro-genital slit Anus Mammary slits (females only)
21 Long beaked common Dolphin Delphinus capensis Flattish forehead Distinct cape, V-shaped below dorsal fin Long beak Wide flipper stripe to mouth Flipper to anus stripe moderately to strongly developed DCZ Maximum length: 2.4 m Dolphins 21
22 Dolphins 22 Short beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis Light yellow patch Light patch often present on dorsal fin and flippers Eye patch contrasting in colour Distinct cape, V-shaped below dorsal fin Rounded forehead Shorter beak Thin flipper stripe not approaching mouth, narrowing ahead of eyes DCO Maximum length: 2 m Flipper to anal stripe weak or absent
23 Striped Dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba Moderately long dark beak Distinct cape markings Thin stripe from eye to flipper Dark pointed flippers located in white body area Thin stripe from eye to anus DST Maximum length: 2.6 m Dolphins 23
24 Dolphins 24 Indo Pacific bottle nose dolphin Tursiops aduncus Longer beak Forehead more gently sloping Tall falcate dorsal fin Pointed flippers No distinct body markings DBZ Maximum length: 2.7 m
25 Common bottle-nose dolphin tursiops truncatus Blunt and abruptly sloping forehead all falcate dorsal fin Short beak Pointed flippers No distinct body markings DBO Maximum length: 3.8 m Dolphins 25
26 Dolphins 26 Pantropical Spotted Dolphin Stenella attenuata Long, narrow white tipped beak Dark falcate dorsal fin Distinct cape dips deeply before dorsal fin Dark band from eye to flipper Spotted body markings that develop with age DBN Maximum length: 2.6 m
27 Spinner Dolphin Stenella longirostris Very long and narrow black-tipped beak Tall, dorsal fin varies from triangular to falcate Stripe from eye to flipper White belly Long pointed flippers DSI Maximum length: 2.1 m Dolphins 27
28 Dolphins 28 Fraser s Dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei Small dorsal fin Short beak Belly usually creamy or pinkish Broad face to anus stripe Small pointed flippers FDR Maximum length: 2.7 m
29 Rough-toothed Dolphin Steno bredanensis Cape that narrows between eye and dorsal fin Sloping head Long beak, often white White to pinkish belly Yellow or pinkish scratches RTD Maximum length: 2.8 m Dolphins 29
30 Dolphins 30 Risso s Dolphin Grampus griseus Distinctive cleft in forehead Tall, slender, falcate dorsal fin, darker than body Blunt head, no beak Body with extensive scratches DRR Maximum length: 4 m
31 Killer Whale Orcinus orca Dorsal fin straight and tall on males, lower and slightly falcate on females and juveniles Distinct black and white markings on body and head KIW Maximum length: 9 m Dolphins 31
32 Sea birds 32 Sea birds Wing Plumage Nostril Eye Body Back Bill Tail Stomach or belly Leg Foot
33 Black-footed albatross Diomedea nigripes White patch behind eyes White ring around base of bill Dark head, body and wings Black-brown bill DKN Northern hemisphere distribution Sea Birds 33
34 Sea birds 34 Laysan albatross Diomedea immutabilis Dark upper wings and back Dark ring around eyes Flesh coloured bill with grey tip DIZ Northern hemisphere distribution White head, neck and stomach
35 Albatrosses Diomedeidae Species in this family have: Large hooked bill Large birds Wing span up to 3.5 m External nostrils at base of bill, one on each side ALZ Sea Birds 35
36 Sea birds 36 Boobies and Gannets Sulidae SZV Species in this family have: Large birds Long wings with wing span up to 2.2 m Wedge-shaped tail Stout conical bill
37 Petrels and Shearwaters Procellariidae Species in this family have: Most species smaller in size (wing span up to 1.5 m, but mainly less than 1 m) except for giant petrel (wing span up to 2.5 m) Nostrils united in a single tube on top of bill PRX Sea Birds 37
38 Sea birds 38 Gulls,Terns and Skuas Laridae Species in this family have: Generally smaller birds (wing span up to 1 m), with skuas larger (wing span up to 1.8 m) Nostrils are plain openings on either side of bill Most birds have grey and white plumage, some with black on head and wings LRD
39 Index Albatrosses 35 Balaenoptera acutorostrata 8 Balaenoptera borealis 6 Balaenoptera edeni 7 Balaenoptera musculus 4 Balaenoptera physalus 5 Black-footed albatross 33 Blainville s beaked whale 15 Blue whale 4 Boobies 36 Bryde s whale 7 Common bottle-nose dolphin 25 Cuvier s beaked whale 14 Delphinus capensis 21 Delphinus delphis 22 Diomedea immutabilis 34 Diomedea nigripes 33 Diomedeidae 35 Dwarf sperm whale 13 False killer whale 16 Feresa attenuata 19 Fin whale 5 Fraser s Dolphin 28 Gannets 36 Globicephala macrorhynchus 17 Grampus griseus 30 Gulls 38 Humpback whale 9 Indo Pacific bottle nose dolphin 24 Killer Whale 31 Kogia breviceps 12 Kogia simus 13 Lagenodelphis hosei 28 Laysan albatross 34 Laridae 38 Long beaked common Dolphin 21 Melon-headed Whale 18 Megaptera novaeangliae 9 Mesoplodon densirostris 15 Minke whale 8 Orcinus orca 31 Pantropical Spotted Dolphin 26 Peponocephala electra 18 Petrels 37 Physeter macrocephalus 11 Procellariidae 37 Pseudorca crassidens 16 Pygmy Killer Whale 19 Pygmy sperm whale 12 Risso s Dolphin 30 Rough-toothed Dolphin 29 Sei whale 6 Shearwaters 37 Short beaked common dolphin 22 Short finned pilot whales 17 Skuas 38 Sperm whale 11 Spinner Dolphin 27 Stenella attenuata 26 Stenella coeruleoalba 23 Stenella longirostris 27 Steno bredanensis 29 Striped Dolphin 23 Sulidae 36 Terns 38 Tursiops aduncus 24 tursiops truncatus 25 Ziphius cavirostris 14
40 PACIFIC COMMUNITY BP D NOUMEA CEDEX NEW CALEDONIA Telephone: Facsimile: Funding provided by the Japan Trust Fund of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Prepared for publication at the Pacific Community headquarters, Noumea, New Caledonia, 2016 and printed in Australia by Norwood Industries Pty Ltd.
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