Topics for this lecture: Sex determination Sexual differentiation Sex differences in behavior and CNS development. 1) organizational effects of

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Topics for this lecture: Sex determination Sexual differentiation Sex differences in behavior and CNS development. 1) organizational effects of"

Transcription

1 Topics for this lecture: Sex determination Sexual differentiation Sex differences in behavior and CNS development. 1) organizational effects of gonadal steroids on CNS development 2) our model system: SNB

2 What about sex differences in behavior? Are there sex differences in behavior? What is/are the explanation(s) for these differences? Could these sex differences in behavior be due to culture in humans? Could these sex differences in behavior be due to biology, possibly organizational and activational effects of steroid hormones? Are there sex differences in the CNS?

3 Sexual Determination (mammalian) SRY (Sry) gene (Sex-determining Region of the Ychromosome) Pepetide is AKA Testis Determining Factor-- Probably a transcription factor--binds DNA Found in XY and XX men. Absent in XX females and some XY females--frameshift/point mutation in some XY females

4 Sexual Determination (mammalian) Sry expressed in indifferent gonad just prior to and during differentiation--if expressed becomes testis, if not becomes ovary. SOX9--probably also a transcription factor (HMG box present) SOX9--expressed in male but not female genital ridge just after Sry Absence of SOX9 in XY individuals usually results in female development--also other problems-die at birth

5 Sexual Determination (mammalian) SF1--Steroidogenesis Factor 1 Might be activated by SRY Might be a cofactor of SRY activates genes for enzymes in steroid synthesis absence results in complete failure of adrenal development and part of the hypothalamus

6 Remember: SRY is the genetic switch in sex determination Presence of SRY is a necessary but not sufficient condition for male sex determination

7 Ovarian Development DAX1--gene on X chromosome--double dose disrupts testicular development Wnt4a--expressed in genital ridge--shuts off in XY individuals but stays on in XX--deletion results in poorly formed ovary with some testesspecific markers (AMH and testosterone synthesizing enzymes)

8 After genetic sexual determination, sexual differentiation is largely driven by gonadal steroids.

9 Nothing

10 What are Steroid Hormones? Hydrophobic Derived from Cholesterol Molecules generated by Endocrine System which sends signals to various parts of body e.g., Aldosterone, Cortisol, Sex Hormones Synthesized by gonads, adrenal, and most likely brain

11

12 Steroid Hormone Action

13 Nothing

14 Effects of Gonadal Steroids

15 DOGMA Sexual differentiation of the CNS is driven exclusively by gonadal steroids

16 XX XY XX XY

17 DOGMA Sexual differentiation of the CNS is driven exclusively by gonadal steroids

18 Perinatal hormones control a masculine trait in the brain XY XX XX + Testosterone or Estradiol

19

20 Organizational Sexual Differentiation Driven Largely by Gonadal Steroids androgens--periphery and spinal cord estrogens--brain

21 What about CNS anatomy? a more subtle change reflected in function rather than in visible structure would be presumed. -Phoenix, Goy, Gerall, & Young, 1959

22 RDLN Male SNB DLN A

23 RDLN Female SNB DLN B

24 Figure 2 Non- SNB Neurons SNB Neurons SNB Fragment

25 Central Canal Blood Vessel Glial Cells SNB Neurons Figure 3

26

27

28 Flutamide blocks androgen action by binding to androgen receptors, preventing androgens from binding the receptors. Flutamide seems to act as a pure anti-androgen-- doesn t have any androgenic properties.

29 Figure 1 Male Female RDLN SNB DLN

30 RDLN Neurons Non-RDLN Neurons Figure 4

31 Summary: 1) We are studying the organizational effects of hormones --relatively permanent actions of hormones on the nervous system in early development, during a critical/sensitive period. 2) Specifically, we are studying the organization impact of androgens during development. 3) We will examine the SNB neurons, a set of neurons known to be sexually dimorphic and that innervate a sexually dimorphic target (BC/LA) muscle.

32 Topics for this lecture: Sex determination Sexual differentiation Sex differences in behavior and CNS development. 1) organizational effects of gonadal steroids on CNS development 2) our model system: SNB

FLASH CARDS. Kalat s Book Chapter 11 Alphabetical

FLASH CARDS.  Kalat s Book Chapter 11 Alphabetical FLASH CARDS www.biologicalpsych.com Kalat s Book Chapter 11 Alphabetical alpha-fetoprotein alpha-fetoprotein Alpha-Fetal Protein (AFP) or alpha-1- fetoprotein. During a prenatal sensitive period, estradiol

More information

1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the genetics of sex?

1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the genetics of sex? Neuroscience - Problem Drill 16: Determinants of Sexual Behavior and Gender Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the genetics of sex? Question #01 (A) Only the sperm and the

More information

Sex Determination and Development of Reproductive Organs

Sex Determination and Development of Reproductive Organs Sex Determination and Development of Reproductive Organs Sex determination The SRY + gene is necessary and probably sufficient for testis development The earliest sexual difference appears in the gonad

More information

Chapter 16: Steroid Hormones (Lecture 17)

Chapter 16: Steroid Hormones (Lecture 17) Chapter 16: Steroid Hormones (Lecture 17) A) 21 or fewer carbon atoms B) Precursor: 27 carbon cholesterol C) major classes of steroid hormones 1) progestagens a) progesterone- prepares lining of uterus

More information

Sex Differentiation. Course Outline. Topic #! Topic lecture! Silverthorn! Membranes (pre-requisite material)!!

Sex Differentiation. Course Outline. Topic #! Topic lecture! Silverthorn! Membranes (pre-requisite material)!! Sex Differentiation The goal of these lectures is to discuss how a control system is formed. For this, we will use basic physiology associated with the control of reproduction (from sexual differentiation

More information

Scientific Principles for Studying Sex Differences in Health and Disease

Scientific Principles for Studying Sex Differences in Health and Disease Scientific Principles for Studying Sex Differences in Health and Disease Art Arnold Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology Lab of Neuroendocrinology Brain Research Institute UCLA FCG Objectives

More information

IN SUMMARY HST 071 NORMAL & ABNORMAL SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION Fetal Sex Differentiation Postnatal Diagnosis and Management of Intersex Abnormalities

IN SUMMARY HST 071 NORMAL & ABNORMAL SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION Fetal Sex Differentiation Postnatal Diagnosis and Management of Intersex Abnormalities Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.071: Human Reproductive Biology Course Director: Professor Henry Klapholz IN SUMMARY HST 071 Title: Fetal Sex Differentiation Postnatal Diagnosis

More information

When testes make no testosterone: Identifying a rare cause of 46, XY female phenotype in adulthood

When testes make no testosterone: Identifying a rare cause of 46, XY female phenotype in adulthood When testes make no testosterone: Identifying a rare cause of 46, XY female phenotype in adulthood Gardner DG, Shoback D. Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology, 10e; 2017 Sira Korpaisarn, MD Endocrinology

More information

HORMONES & REPRODUCTION OUTLINE

HORMONES & REPRODUCTION OUTLINE 1 HORMONES & REPRODUCTION Dr. Steinmetz OUTLINE 2 The Endocrine System Sexual Reproduction Hormonal Role in Sexual Differentiation Gender Differences and Gender Identity Characterizing Complex Behaviors

More information

11. SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION. Germinal cells, gonocytes. Indifferent stage INDIFFERENT STAGE

11. SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION. Germinal cells, gonocytes. Indifferent stage INDIFFERENT STAGE 11. SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION INDIFFERENT STAGE Early in pregnancy, (within 10-15 % of the pregnancy s expected length) a genital ridge is formed in the sides of the embryonic tissue, ventral to the mesonephros

More information

Biology of Reproduction-Biol 326

Biology of Reproduction-Biol 326 Biology of Reproduction-Biol 326 READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. THE ANSWER ON THE ANSWER SHEET IS YOUR OFFICIAL ANSWER REGARDLESS OF WHAT YOU MARK ON THE

More information

Chapter 18 Development. Sexual Differentiation

Chapter 18 Development. Sexual Differentiation Chapter 18 Development Sexual Differentiation There Are Many Levels of Sex Determination Chromosomal Sex Gonadal Sex Internal Sex Organs External Sex Organs Brain Sex Gender Identity Gender Preference

More information

Sex Determination and Gonadal Sex Differentiation in Fish

Sex Determination and Gonadal Sex Differentiation in Fish Sex Determination and Gonadal Sex Differentiation in Fish Yoshitaka Nagahama Okazaki National Research Institutes, Japan This first slide shows the processes of gonadal sex differentiation and gametogenesis

More information

Lecture 15 (Nov 16 th ): Hormones and Sexual Behavior Lecture Outline. 4) Gender Phenotype : Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones in Utero and Anomalies

Lecture 15 (Nov 16 th ): Hormones and Sexual Behavior Lecture Outline. 4) Gender Phenotype : Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones in Utero and Anomalies Lecture 15 (Nov 16 th ): Hormones and Sexual Behavior Lecture Outline 1) Organs / Glands / Hormonal Communication 2) Sex Hormones: Male vs. Female 3) Genetic Gender (XX, XY) 4) Gender Phenotype : Organizing

More information

DEFINITION: Masculinization of external genitalia in patients with normal 46XX karyotype.

DEFINITION: Masculinization of external genitalia in patients with normal 46XX karyotype. INTERSEX DISORDERS DEFINITION: Masculinization of external genitalia in patients with normal 46XX karyotype. - Degree of masculinization variable: - mild clitoromegaly - complete fusion of labia folds

More information

Hormones and the Endocrine System Chapter 45. Intercellular communication. Paracrine and Autocrine Signaling. Signaling by local regulators 11/26/2017

Hormones and the Endocrine System Chapter 45. Intercellular communication. Paracrine and Autocrine Signaling. Signaling by local regulators 11/26/2017 Hormones and the Endocrine System Chapter 45 Intercellular communication Endocrine signaling Local regulators Paracrine and autocrine signaling Neuron signaling Synaptic and neuroendocrine signaling Paracrine

More information

MCDB 1041 Class 17 Human Sex Determination

MCDB 1041 Class 17 Human Sex Determination MCDB 1041 Class 17 Human Sex Determination Learning goals: Distinguish how "phenotypic" sex is different from "gonadal" sex Describe how hormones are involved in the development of different ductal systems

More information

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL SEMINAR: SEX HORMONES PART 1 An Overview What are steroid hormones? Steroid

More information

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.45 - ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.45 - ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. !! www.clutchprep.com Chemical signals allow cells to communicate with each other Pheromones chemical signals released to the environment to communicate with other organisms Autocrine signaling self-signaling,

More information

Endocrine Glands and Hormones "What are endocrine glands and what do they make?

Endocrine Glands and Hormones What are endocrine glands and what do they make? Endocrine Glands and Hormones "What are endocrine glands and what do they make? Model 1:Development of glands. Exocrine Gland Endocrine Gland Critical thinking questions 1. Based on the model, which of

More information

PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION

PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION Prof. Dr med. Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology Medical University of Łódź, Poland Sexual determination

More information

Ch 11: Endocrine System

Ch 11: Endocrine System Ch 11: Endocrine System SLOs Describe the chemical nature of hormones and define the terms proand prepro-hormone. Explain mechanism of action of steroid and thyroid hormones Create chart to distinguish

More information

Case Based Urology Learning Program

Case Based Urology Learning Program Case Based Urology Learning Program Resident s Corner: UROLOGY Case Number 3 CBULP 2011 019 Case Based Urology Learning Program Editor: Associate Editors: Manager: Case Contributors: Steven C. Campbell,

More information

REPRODUCCIÓN. La idea fija. Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

REPRODUCCIÓN. La idea fija. Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings REPRODUCCIÓN La idea fija How male and female reproductive systems differentiate The reproductive organs and how they work How gametes are produced and fertilized Pregnancy, stages of development, birth

More information

Bi-potent Gonads. Sex Determination

Bi-potent Gonads. Sex Determination יצירת הגונדות Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) Somatic cells Genital ridge Bi-potent Gonads Sex Determination Testis and Sperm Ovary and Oocyte Migration of Primordial Germ Cells in the Chick Embryo The

More information

W.S. O University of Hong Kong

W.S. O University of Hong Kong W.S. O University of Hong Kong Development of the Genital System 1. Sexual differentiation 2. Differentiation of the gonads a. Germ cells extragonadal in origin b. Genital ridge intermediate mesoderm consisting

More information

Sexual Development. 6 Stages of Development

Sexual Development. 6 Stages of Development 6 Sexual Development 6 Stages of Development Development passes through distinct stages, the first of which is fertilization, when one sperm enters one ovum. To enter an ovum, a sperm must undergo the

More information

Please Take Seats by Gender as Shown Leave Three Seats Empty in the Middle

Please Take Seats by Gender as Shown Leave Three Seats Empty in the Middle Please Take Seats by Gender as Shown Leave Three Seats Empty in the Middle Women Men Sexual Differentiation & Development Neal G. Simon, Ph.D. Professor Dept. of Biological Sciences Signaling Cascade &

More information

Sexual Differentiation of the Brain

Sexual Differentiation of the Brain Sexual Differentiation of the Brain 69 and Behavior: A Primer Arthur P. Arnold and Margaret M. McCarthy Contents Introduction... 2140 A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Sexual Differentiation...

More information

MRC-Holland MLPA. Description version 08; 07 May 2015

MRC-Holland MLPA. Description version 08; 07 May 2015 mix P185-C1 Intersex Lot C1-0611: As compared to the previous version B2 (lot B2-0311), s for CYP21A2 have been removed and s for the CXorf21 gene as well as additional s for NR0B1, NR5A1 and the Y chromosome

More information

REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE MALE

REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE MALE Reproductive Biotechnologies Andrology I REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE MALE Prof. Alberto Contri REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE MALE SPERMATOGENESIS AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR RELATED TO THE ACTIVITY

More information

DEVELOPMENT (DSD) 1 4 DISORDERS OF SEX

DEVELOPMENT (DSD) 1 4 DISORDERS OF SEX Wit JM, Ranke MB, Kelnar CJH (eds): ESPE classification of paediatric endocrine diagnosis. 4. Disorders of sex development (DSD). Horm Res 2007;68(suppl 2):21 24 ESPE Code Diagnosis OMIM ICD 10 4 DISORDERS

More information

Why Sex??? Advantages: It limits harmful mutations Asexual: all offspring get all mutations. Sexual: There is a random distribution of mutations.

Why Sex??? Advantages: It limits harmful mutations Asexual: all offspring get all mutations. Sexual: There is a random distribution of mutations. Reproduction Why sex??? Why Sex??? Asexual reproduction is quicker, easier, and produces more offspring per individual. Bacteria do it. Dandelions do it. Unisexual whiptail lizards do it. With sexual reproduction

More information

Bios 90/95. Jennifer Swann, PhD

Bios 90/95. Jennifer Swann, PhD Sexual Differentiation Fall 2007 Bios 90/95 Jennifer Swann, PhD Dept Biol Sci, Lehigh University Why have sexes? What determines sex? Environment Genetics Hormones What causes these differences? The true

More information

Reproductive physiology

Reproductive physiology Reproductive physiology Sex hormones: Androgens Estrogens Gestagens Learning objectives 86 (also 90) Sex Genetic sex Gonadal sex Phenotypic sex XY - XX chromosomes testes - ovaries external features Tha

More information

Endocrine secretion cells secrete substances into the extracellular fluid

Endocrine secretion cells secrete substances into the extracellular fluid Animal Hormones Concept 30.1 Hormones Are Chemical Messengers Endocrine secretion cells secrete substances into the extracellular fluid Exocrine secretion cells secrete substances into a duct or a body

More information

SISTEMA REPRODUCTOR (LA IDEA FIJA) Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

SISTEMA REPRODUCTOR (LA IDEA FIJA) Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SISTEMA REPRODUCTOR (LA IDEA FIJA) How male and female reproductive systems differentiate The reproductive organs and how they work How gametes are produced and fertilized Pregnancy, stages of development,

More information

8/26/13. Announcements

8/26/13. Announcements Announcements THM questions will start for points on Wednesday. Make sure you are registered correctly! Problems registering for BioPortal? Make sure you are using the link from the syllabus or FAQ. 30

More information

SALSA MLPA probemix P185-C2 Intersex Lot C2-1015: As compared to the previous version C1 (lot C1-0611), the lengths of four probes have been adjusted.

SALSA MLPA probemix P185-C2 Intersex Lot C2-1015: As compared to the previous version C1 (lot C1-0611), the lengths of four probes have been adjusted. mix P185-C2 Intersex Lot C2-1015: As compared to the previous version C1 (lot C1-0611), the lengths of four s have been adjusted. The sex-determining region on chromosome Y (SRY) is the most important

More information

TESTOSTERONE DEFINITION

TESTOSTERONE DEFINITION DEFINITION A hormone that is a hydroxyl steroid ketone (C19H28O2) produced especially by the testes or made synthetically and that is responsible for inducing and maintaining male secondary sex characteristics.

More information

Sex Differences and Organizational Effects of Androgen in Spinal Cord Motor Nuclei

Sex Differences and Organizational Effects of Androgen in Spinal Cord Motor Nuclei The Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education (JUNE), Fall 2003, 2(1): A28-A35 Sex Differences and Organizational Effects of Androgen in Spinal Cord Motor Nuclei William Grisham, Heidi B. Jones,

More information

1st Year MB/BDS Plenary Lecture What is a Hormone?

1st Year MB/BDS Plenary Lecture What is a Hormone? 1st Year MB/BDS Plenary Lecture What is a Hormone? The term hormone (from the Greek for I arouse to activity or I excite) was first used by Starling in 1905. Hormones are just one type of first (or primary)

More information

Chapter 26. Hormones and the Endocrine System. Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko

Chapter 26. Hormones and the Endocrine System. Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Chapter 26 Hormones and the Endocrine System PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture

More information

BIOL 2402 Reproductive Systems!

BIOL 2402 Reproductive Systems! Dr. Chris Doumen! Female Reproductive Anatomy BIOL 2402 Reproductive Systems! Establishing the Ovarian Cycle During childhood, until puberty Ovaries grow and secrete small amounts of estrogens Estrogen

More information

Nature versus Nurture?

Nature versus Nurture? Sexual Differentiation of the Nervous System To what extent are the behavioral differences that we recognize as male and female imposed by the environment or by our genes? Why should we care? Testosterone

More information

Action of reproductive hormones through the life span 9/22/99

Action of reproductive hormones through the life span 9/22/99 Action of reproductive hormones through the life span Do reproductive hormones affect the life span? One hypothesis about the rate of aging asserts that there is selective pressure for either high rate

More information

Chapter 20 Endocrine System

Chapter 20 Endocrine System Chapter 20 Endocrine System The endocrine system consists of glands and tissues that secrete Hormones are chemicals that affect other glands or tissues, many times far away from the site of hormone production

More information

Chapter 26 Hormones and the

Chapter 26 Hormones and the Chapter 6 Hormones and the Endocrine System Introduction In lions, the hormone testosterone promotes the development and maintenance of male traits including growth and maintenance of the mane and increased

More information

Sex chromosomes and sex determination

Sex chromosomes and sex determination Sex chromosomes and sex determination History (1) 1940-ties Alfred Jost embryo-surgical experiments on gonads gonadal sex; male gonadal sex presence of testes; female gonadal sex lack of testes. History

More information

Growth pattern of the sex ducts in foetal mouse hermaphrodites

Growth pattern of the sex ducts in foetal mouse hermaphrodites /. Embryol. exp. Morph. 73, 59-68, 1983 59 Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1983 Growth pattern of the sex ducts in foetal mouse hermaphrodites By C. YDING ANDERSEN 1, A. G. BYSKOV

More information

Biology of Reproduction- Zool 346 Exam 2

Biology of Reproduction- Zool 346 Exam 2 Biology of Reproduction- Zool 346 Exam 2 ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. THE ANSWER ON THE ANSWER SHEET IS YOUR OFFICIAL ANSWER. Some critical words are boldfaced. This exam is 7 pages long.

More information

HOMOSEXYALITY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF EPIGENETICALLY CANALIZED SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT. W.R.Rice, U.Freiberg, S.Gavrilets. December 2012

HOMOSEXYALITY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF EPIGENETICALLY CANALIZED SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT. W.R.Rice, U.Freiberg, S.Gavrilets. December 2012 HOMOSEXYALITY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF EPIGENETICALLY CANALIZED SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT W.R.Rice, U.Freiberg, S.Gavrilets December 2012 Used terms: Epi-marks means changes in chromatin structure that influence the

More information

AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA. Dr. HAKIMI, SpAK. Dr. MELDA DELIANA, SpAK

AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA. Dr. HAKIMI, SpAK. Dr. MELDA DELIANA, SpAK AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA (DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT) Dr. HAKIMI, SpAK Dr. MELDA DELIANA, SpAK Dr. SISKA MAYASARI LUBIS, SpA Pediatric Endocrinology division USU/H. ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL 1 INTRODUCTION Normal

More information

GENDER James Bier

GENDER James Bier GENDER 2005-2008 James Bier Objectives 1. State the method of determining gender in several genetic systems. 2. List the three regions of the Y chromosome. 3. Describe the events that promote sexual development

More information

NOTES: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (CH 9)

NOTES: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (CH 9) NOTES: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (CH 9) Endocrine System *The endocrine system consists of a range of glands and tissues throughout the body Functions of the Endocrine System: 1) Maintain balance within body (homeostasis)

More information

Endocrine System. Chapter 20. Endocrine Glands and Hormones. The Endocrine System. Endocrine glands

Endocrine System. Chapter 20. Endocrine Glands and Hormones. The Endocrine System. Endocrine glands Chapter 20 Endocrine System Endocrine Glands and Hormones The endocrine system consists of glands and tissues that secrete hormones Hormones are chemicals that affect other glands or tissues, many times

More information

Chemical Regulation. Chapter 26. Testosterone and Male Aggression: Is There a Link? THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL REGULATION

Chemical Regulation. Chapter 26. Testosterone and Male Aggression: Is There a Link? THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL REGULATION Chapter 6 Chemical Regulation PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, and Simon Testosterone and Male Aggression: Is There a Link? Among male animals,

More information

DAX1, testes development role 7, 8 DFFRY, spermatogenesis role 49 DMRT genes, male sex differentiation role 15

DAX1, testes development role 7, 8 DFFRY, spermatogenesis role 49 DMRT genes, male sex differentiation role 15 Subject Index N-Acetylcysteine, sperm quality effects 71 Ambiguous genitalia, origins 1, 2 Anti-Müllerian hormone function 13 receptors 13 Sertoli cell secretion 10, 38 Apoptosis assays in testes 73, 74

More information

Chapter 20. Endocrine System Chemical signals coordinate body functions Chemical signals coordinate body functions. !

Chapter 20. Endocrine System Chemical signals coordinate body functions Chemical signals coordinate body functions. ! 26.1 Chemical signals coordinate body functions Chapter 20 Endocrine System! Hormones Chemical signals Secreted by endocrine glands Usually carried in the blood Cause specific changes in target cells Secretory

More information

Sexual Reproduction. For most diploid eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the only mechanism resulting in new members of a species.

Sexual Reproduction. For most diploid eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the only mechanism resulting in new members of a species. Sex Determination Sexual Reproduction For most diploid eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the only mechanism resulting in new members of a species. Meiosis in the sexual organs of parents produces haploid

More information

BIOSYNTHESIS OF STEROID HORMONES

BIOSYNTHESIS OF STEROID HORMONES BIOSYNTHESIS OF STEROID HORMONES Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI sw/steroidrepro/inter/08 1 STEROID HORMONES Progestins (21 C) Glucocorticoids (21 C) Mineralocorticoids

More information

Endocrine system. Coordination & regulation Glands Hormones

Endocrine system. Coordination & regulation Glands Hormones Endocrine system Coordination & regulation Glands Hormones Endocrine system structures Anatomy - Dispersed system of glands that communicate with each other & all body cells via hormones. Endocrine glands:

More information

Martin Ritzén. bioscience explained Vol 7 No 2. Girl or boy: What guides gender development and how can this be a problem within

Martin Ritzén. bioscience explained Vol 7 No 2. Girl or boy: What guides gender development and how can this be a problem within Martin Ritzén Professor emeritus, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Girl or boy: What guides gender development and how can this be a problem within sport? Introduction During the 2009 athletics

More information

Testosterone and other male hormones seem to be related to aggressive behavior in some species

Testosterone and other male hormones seem to be related to aggressive behavior in some species Testosterone and Male Aggression Testosterone and other male hormones seem to be related to aggressive behavior in some species In the fish species Oreochromis mossambicus, elevated levels have been found

More information

Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology"

Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology" Embryogenesis of the Pituitary and Sexual Development: Part A Development of the Pituitary Gland" Infundibulum" Brain" Rathke s Pouch" Stomodeum" Germ Cell Migration"

More information

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: ( Division B) Boyceville Invite Dec. 3, 2016 (50pts.)

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: ( Division B) Boyceville Invite Dec. 3, 2016 (50pts.) ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: ( Division B) Boyceville Invite Dec. 3, 2016 (50pts.) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following statements

More information

Module J ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. Learning Outcome

Module J ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. Learning Outcome Module J ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Topic from HAPS Guidelines General functions of the endocrine system Chemical classification of hormones & mechanism of hormone actions at receptors. Control of hormone secretion

More information

Homeostasis Through Chemistry. The Endocrine System Topic 6.6

Homeostasis Through Chemistry. The Endocrine System Topic 6.6 Homeostasis Through Chemistry The Endocrine System Topic 6.6 Comparing NS & ES Animals have two systems of internal communication and regulation The nervous system Response time: Fast, quick Signals: electrical

More information

Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology

Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Development of the Pituitary Gland Lec 5: Embryogenesis of the Pituitary and Sexual Development Stomodeum Brain Infundibulum Rathke s Pouch Germ Cell Migration

More information

CHAPTER 41: Animal Hormones

CHAPTER 41: Animal Hormones CHAPTER 41: Animal Hormones 1. List a few similarities and differences comparing: a. endocrine system b. nervous system 2. What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands? 3. What is the difference

More information

Page 1. Chapter 37: Chemical Control of the Animal Body - The Endocrine System

Page 1. Chapter 37: Chemical Control of the Animal Body - The Endocrine System Chapter 37: Chemical Control of the Animal Body - The Endocrine System Endocrine System: Hormones and the various cells that secrete and receive them Types of Glands: 1) Endocrine Glands: Release substances

More information

Page 1. Chapter 37: Chemical Control of the Animal Body - The Endocrine System. Target Cells: Cells specialized to respond to hormones

Page 1. Chapter 37: Chemical Control of the Animal Body - The Endocrine System. Target Cells: Cells specialized to respond to hormones Chapter 37: Chemical Control of the Animal Body - The Endocrine System Endocrine System: Hormones and the various cells that secrete and receive them Types of Glands: 1) Endocrine Glands: Release substances

More information

Chapter 7 DEVELOPMENT AND SEX DETERMINATION

Chapter 7 DEVELOPMENT AND SEX DETERMINATION Chapter 7 DEVELOPMENT AND SEX DETERMINATION Chapter Summary The male and female reproductive systems produce the sperm and eggs, and promote their meeting and fusion, which results in a fertilized egg.

More information

Sexual Differentiation Fall 2008 Bios 90

Sexual Differentiation Fall 2008 Bios 90 Sexual Differentiation Fall 2008 Bios 90 Jennifer Swann, Professor Dept Biol Sci, Lehigh University Asexual reproduction Budding : offspring develop as a growth on the body of the parent jellyfishes, echinoderms,

More information

PedsCases Podcast Scripts

PedsCases Podcast Scripts PedsCases Podcast Scripts This is a text version of a podcast from Pedscases.com on Puberty and Pubertal Disorders Part 2: Precocious Puberty. These podcasts are designed to give medical students an overview

More information

Ch 20: Reproduction. Keypoints: Human Chromosomes Gametogenesis Fertilization Early development Parturition

Ch 20: Reproduction. Keypoints: Human Chromosomes Gametogenesis Fertilization Early development Parturition Ch 20: Reproduction Keypoints: Human Chromosomes Gametogenesis Fertilization Early development Parturition SLOs Contrast mitosis/meiosis, haploid/diploid, autosomes/sex chromosomes. Outline the hormonal

More information

Lecture 11, 27 Sept 2005 Chapter 14 & 15. Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (aka MCB 437, VetSci 437) University of Arizona Fall 2005

Lecture 11, 27 Sept 2005 Chapter 14 & 15. Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (aka MCB 437, VetSci 437) University of Arizona Fall 2005 Lecture 11, 27 Sept 2005 Chapter 14 & 15 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (aka MCB 437, VetSci 437) University of Arizona Fall 2005 instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.: Kristen Potter 1 Vertebrate Physiology 437 Chapter

More information

Sex, Gender, Orientation, and Human Variations Arlene R. Taylor PhD Brain References

Sex, Gender, Orientation, and Human Variations Arlene R. Taylor PhD Brain References Sex, Gender, Orientation, and Human Variations Arlene R. Taylor PhD Brain References www.arlenetaylor.org www.llm.life 8-20-16 Human Variations www.llm.life All species contain variations and human beings

More information

REPRODUCTION & GENETICS. Hormones

REPRODUCTION & GENETICS. Hormones REPRODUCTION & GENETICS Hormones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=np0wfu_mgzo Objectives 2 Define what hormones are; Compare and contrast the male and female hormones; Explain what each hormone in the mail

More information

BIOL2005 WORKSHEET 2008

BIOL2005 WORKSHEET 2008 BIOL2005 WORKSHEET 2008 Answer all 6 questions in the space provided using additional sheets where necessary. Hand your completed answers in to the Biology office by 3 p.m. Friday 8th February. 1. Your

More information

2. Which of the following factors does not contribute to ion selectivity?

2. Which of the following factors does not contribute to ion selectivity? General Biology Summer 2014 Exam II Sample Answers 1. Which of the following is TRUE about a neuron at rest? A. The cytosol is positive relative to the outside B. Na+ concentrations are higher inside C.

More information

Chapter-13. Hormones and Signal Transduction. Page /8/2017 Dr. Amjid Iqbal PhD (University of Cambridge) 1

Chapter-13. Hormones and Signal Transduction. Page /8/2017 Dr. Amjid Iqbal PhD (University of Cambridge) 1 Chapter-13 Hormones and Signal Transduction Page 396-401 Dr. Amjid Iqbal PhD (University of 1 Living things coordinate their activities through biochemical signaling system Intercellular signals are mediated

More information

Reproductive physiology. About this Chapter. Case introduction. The brain directs reproduction 2010/6/29. The Male Reproductive System

Reproductive physiology. About this Chapter. Case introduction. The brain directs reproduction 2010/6/29. The Male Reproductive System Section Ⅻ Reproductive physiology Ming-jie Wang E-Mail: mjwang@shmu.edu.cn About this Chapter The reproductive organs and how they work the major endocrine functions of sexual glands actions of sex hormones

More information

BIOLOGY. 1. Overview of Endrocrine Hormone Signaling 10/22/2014. Hormones and the Endocrine System. The Body s Long-Distance Regulators

BIOLOGY. 1. Overview of Endrocrine Hormone Signaling 10/22/2014. Hormones and the Endocrine System. The Body s Long-Distance Regulators CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION 45 Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Hormones and the Endocrine System Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick 1. Overview of Endrocrine

More information

Investigation of mutations in the SRY, SOX9, and DAX1 genes in sex reversal patients from the Sichuan region of China

Investigation of mutations in the SRY, SOX9, and DAX1 genes in sex reversal patients from the Sichuan region of China Investigation of mutations in the SRY, SOX9, and DAX1 genes in sex reversal patients from the Sichuan region of China L. Chen, X.P. Ding, X. Wei and L.X. Li Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint

More information

Development of the Genital System

Development of the Genital System Development of the Genital System Professor Alfred Cuschieri Department of Anatomy University of Malta The mesonephros develops primitive nephrotomes draining into a mesonephric duct nephrotome mesonephric

More information

About This Chapter. Hormones The classification of hormones Control of hormone release Hormone interactions Endocrine pathologies Hormone evolution

About This Chapter. Hormones The classification of hormones Control of hormone release Hormone interactions Endocrine pathologies Hormone evolution About This Chapter Hormones The classification of hormones Control of hormone release Hormone interactions Endocrine pathologies Hormone evolution Hormones: Function Control Rates of enzymatic reactions

More information

Let s Talk About Hormones!

Let s Talk About Hormones! Let s Talk About Hormones! This lesson was created by Serena Reves and Nichelle Penney, with materials from the BCTF and The Pride Education Network. Hormones are responsible for the regulation of many

More information

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance. Chapter 11

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance. Chapter 11 Chromosomes and Human Inheritance Chapter 11 11.1 Human Chromosomes Human body cells have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes 22 pairs of autosomes 1 pair of sex chromosomes Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes

More information

Endocrine System Notes

Endocrine System Notes Endocrine System Notes is the tendency to maintain a stable internal environment. - parts of the body that secrete hormones directly into the body. - parts of the body that make secretions which travel

More information

IB 140 Midterm #1 PRACTICE EXAM (lecture topics 1-5)

IB 140 Midterm #1 PRACTICE EXAM (lecture topics 1-5) IB 140 Midterm #1 PRACTICE EXAM (lecture topics 1-5) For all the questions on this exam, the correct answer is the single best answer that is available in the answer key. 1) Which of the following is NOT

More information

Development of Behavior 1. Yasushi Nakagawa

Development of Behavior 1. Yasushi Nakagawa Development of Behavior 1 Yasushi Nakagawa 1 Origin of invertebrate behavior -Many behaviors are genetically determined and are hard-wired into neuronal function and circuitry. When, as by a miracle, the

More information

9.4 Regulating the Reproductive System

9.4 Regulating the Reproductive System 9.4 Regulating the Reproductive System The Reproductive System to unite a single reproductive cell from a female with a single reproductive cell from a male Both male and female reproductive systems include

More information

Hormonal Control of Male Sexual Function

Hormonal Control of Male Sexual Function Hormonal Control of Male Sexual Function A majority of the control of sexual functions in the male (and the female) begins with secretions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus.

More information

Human Biochemistry. Hormones

Human Biochemistry. Hormones Human Biochemistry Hormones THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The ENDOCRINE SYSTEM = the organ system that regulates internal environment conditions by secreting hormones into

More information

GONADAL FUNCTION: An Overview

GONADAL FUNCTION: An Overview GONADAL FUNCTION: An Overview University of PNG School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Basic Medical Sciences Clinical Biochemistry BMLS III & BDS IV VJ Temple 1 What are the Steroid hormones?

More information

The Biology of Sex: How We Become Male or Female.

The Biology of Sex: How We Become Male or Female. The Biology of Sex: How We Become Male or Female. Dr. Tamatha Barbeau, Dept. of Biology Guest Lecture for Gender 200 March 2017 Objectives: 1. Sex vs. Gender defined. 2. Biological sex based on inheritance

More information

Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 16: The Endocrine System

Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 16: The Endocrine System Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 16: The Endocrine System Question No. 1 of 10 The endocrine system is made up of a number of organs and glands. Which one of the following is not an organ or

More information

Mohammad Sha ban. Basheq Jehad. Hamzah Nakhleh

Mohammad Sha ban. Basheq Jehad. Hamzah Nakhleh 11 Mohammad Sha ban Basheq Jehad Hamzah Nakhleh Physiology of the reproductive system In physiology, we are concerned with the mechanisms in which the system functions, and how the system responds to different

More information

3.5 The Endocrine System SW *

3.5 The Endocrine System SW * OpenStax-CNX module: m55757 1 3.5 The Endocrine System SW * Stephen E. Wisecarver Based on The Endocrine System by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons

More information