Effect of Testosterone Implants on Serum Gonadotropin Concentrations in the Male Rat
|
|
- Scott Webster
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION (1976) Effect of Testosterone Implants on erum Gonadotropin Concentrations in the Male Rat W. H. MOGER Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Daihousie University, Halifax, Nova cotia, Canada B3H 4H7 ABTRACT ubcutaneous implantation of testosterone in ilasticcapsules in castrated male rats resultsin sustained elevations of serum testosterone. In rats castrated and implanted with capsules 2cm long at 30 days of age, serum testosterone concentrations were elevated within 24 h and then gradually declined during the following nine days. This decline appears related to the animals growth. In rats castrated and implanted at 30 days of age with capsules ranging in length from 0.5 to 2cm, serum testosterone concentrations at autopsy 5 days after implantation were comparable to those of intact control animals of the same age. The capsules suppressed the castration induced risein serum gonadotropin concentrations. imilar results were obtained with rats castrated and implanted with either one or two capsules 4cm long at 80 days of age. Although these results suggest that serum testosterone concentrations in either sexually immature or mature male rats can regulate serum gonadotropin concentrations, the question arises whether the sustained release of testosterone from ilastic capsules mimics the pattern of endogenous testosterone secretion. INTRODUCTION Extensive evidence suggests that testicular secretions regulate the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins (see Recommended Reviews). However two recent attempts to document the relationship between the concentrations of circulating testosterone and luteinizing hormone in male rats have indicated that serum testosterone concentrations must be supraphysiologic to suppress the castration induced rise in serum LH concentrations (Moger, 1975a; Verjans et al., 1975). In both of these experiments testosterone was administered by daily or twice daily subcutaneous injections in oil. This method of testosterone administration is believed to result in the rapid absorption of testosterone from the site of injection (James et al., 1969). For this reason the relationship between serum testosterone and gonadotropin concentrations was reassessed using an alternative method of administration. MATERIAL AND METHOD Male prague-dawley rats at 24 or 27 days of age were purchased from Bio-Breeding Laboratories, Ottawa and housed under conditions of controlled Accepted February 27, Received January 15, lighting (12 h light, 12 h dark) and temperature (18-21#{176}C). Castrations were performed under halothane anesthesia at either 30 or 85 days of age via the scrotal route. At castration, implants were placed subcutaneously via a small skin incision. Implants were prepared by cutting ilastic Medical Grade tubing, Dow Corning (0.062 in ID X in OD) to the desired length and sealing one end with ilastic Medical Adhesive, Type A. After 24 h the tubing was packed with testosterone (igma Chemical Co.) and the open end sealed with adhesive which was allowed to set at least 24 h before implantation. The implants were placed in absolute ethanol for 15 mm before implantation to remove testosterone that might have adhered to the outside of the implant. Castrate control animals were implanted with capsules 2cm in length containing cholesterol. Intact control animals were not implanted. Animals were killed at different times (see Results) after castration by decapitation and trunk blood was collected. erum was collected by allowing coagulation at room temperature for 2 h followed by standing overnight at 4#{176}C. Following centrifugation, serum was stored at -18#{176} C until assayed for testosterone, LII and FH. erum testosterone was assayed as previously described (Moger, 1975a; Moger and Armstrong, 1974). This method measures both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. erum LH and FH were assayed with materials generously supplied by the Rat Pituitary Hormone Distribution Program of the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases as previously described (Moger, 1975b). The results are expressed in terms of the RP-1 standards supplied by this agency. tatistical analysis was by one way analysis of variance and Duncan s new multiple range test (teel and Tone, 1960). ignificance is defined as [ <
2 666 MOGER TABLE 1. Effect of 2 cm testosterone implants on body and ventral prostate weights in rats castrated and implanted at 30 days of age. Ventral prost ate weight* Days post Body (mg/100 g implantation N weight (g) (mg) body weight) ± ± 3.6a** 0.62 ± o.o ± ± 6.6a 0.76 ± 007ab ± b ± 1.00 ± ± ± 76b 1.02 ± o.o7c ± ± 12.1C 0.93 ± 006cb #{149}Mean ±.E.M. Within a column, different letters signify significant differences between means. ([ <0.05). REULT In a preliminary experiment, rats were castrated at 30 days of age and implanted with capsules 2cm long. Groups of animals were killed 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 days following implantation. Body and ventral prostate weights are reported in Table 1. Growth rate was similar to that of intact rats of the same age and strain (Moger, unpublished observation). Ventral prostate weight increased throughout the implantation period. When expressed as a percentage of body weight, ventral prostate weight did not change significantly after 3 days postimplantation. erum testosterone, LH and FH concentrations are reported for these animals in Table 2. erum testosterone concentrations were elevated by 24 h after implantation. The concentration at this time was significantly greater than 3, 5 or 10 days postimplantation and the trend was for a continuous decline during the course of the experiment. Expressing the serum testosterone concentrations on a body weight basis (Table 2) eliminates this change in concentrations. erum LH concentration did not change significantly during the postimplantation period and were not significantly different from intact 30 day old animals. erum FH concentrations during the postimplantation period were significantly lower than at implantation. In a subsequent experiment, animals were castrated at 30 days of age and implanted with capsules 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0cm in length. The rats were autopsied 5 days following implantation. Results are shown in Fig. 1. Castrated cholesterol implanted control animals had barely detectable testosterone concentrations. Ventral prostate weight was significantly reduced, and serum LH and FH concentrations were significantly increased compared to those for intact animals. Testosterone implants increased serum testosterone levels and ventral prostate weights in a dose dependent manner. Although the groups receiving 0.5 or 1.0 cm implants have serum testosterone concentrations signifi- TABLE 2. Effect of 2 cm testosterone implants on serum testosterone, LH and FH concentrations in rats castrated and implanted at 30 days of age. erum Days post (ng/mlx 100 g) erum LH erum FH implantation N (ng/ml) body weight) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) ga** ± ±96a ± 043b 3.4k ± ± 4.8a 264 ± ± 0.36c 2.77 ± 0.34a 32.0 ± ± 35bc ± o ± o ± lo.la 253 ± 54b ± 0.22c 2.71 ± o ± 49a 107 ± 26c Mean ±.E.M. * *Within a column different letters signify significant differences between means, [ <0.05.
3 TETOTERONE IMPLANT, ERUM LH, FH LEVEL 667 (a) Ill lit- = it- EEl lb.) & & 8 8 it - B (b( Its) (b( a IEI let 1.2 II 101 (Oct I.d cat GO INTACT CAT 0.5 5,0 I.E 2.0 INTACT a 8 (6 3 C, LENGTH OF IIOTTROM CAPUCI c,, LENGTH OF TETOTEROHCAPUIO I c* P c0 FIG. 1. erum testosterone, LH and FH concentrations, and ventral prostate weights in rats castrated and implanted at 30 days of age with testosterone containing capsules. The animals were killed five days after implantation. Vertical bars represent the standard error of mean. There are six animals per group. Within each graph, columns with different letters are significantly(p<0.05) different from each other. cantly lower than those implanted with either 1.5 or 2.0cm capsules none of the testosterone implanted groups had serum testosterone concentrations significantly different from those of control animals. None of the testosterone implanted groups had serum LH or FH concentrations significantly different from those of the intact control group. Although there were no significant differences in serum LH among experimental groups, those implanted with 1.5 or 2.0cm capsules had serum FH concentrations significantly lower than the groups implanted with 0.5 or 1.0cm capsules. An experiment similar to the above was performed with animals castrated at 85 days of age and implanted with either one or two, 4cm capsules. The animals were autopsied at 90 days of age and the results are shown in Fig. 2. erum testosterone concentrations, ventral prostate weights and serum LH and FH concentrations did not differ significantly among the testosterone implanted groups and intact control group. However, these parameters were all significantly different for the castrate control group. DICUI ON everal reports indicate that testosterone (werdloff et al., 1973; Eldridge and Mahesh, OF CAT 4 8 INTACT LENGTH OF IETOItROFI CAPULE (cml CAT 4 8 INTACT LENGTH OF IETO1TROt CAPULE I cm FIG. 2. erum testosterone, LH and FH concentrations, and ventral prostate weights in rats castrated and implanted at 85 days of age with testosterone containing capsules. The animals were killed 5 days after implantation. Vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean. There are 5 animals per group. Within each graph, columns with different letters are significantly ([ <0.05) different from each other. 1974; Dafy-Barbe and Frachimont, 1972) or testosterone propionate (Block et al., 1974; Negro-Vilar et al., 1973a; Kalra et al., 1973) administered by subcutaneous injection in oil can suppress the castration induced rise in LH or LH and FH. The general conclusion from these reports is that physiologic doses of testosterone or testosterone propionate are probably adequate to inhibit the post castration rise in serum LH concentrations particularly if treatment is begun immediately after castration. On the other hand, larger doses are required to suppress FH concentrations. This conclusion has been more directly investigated in two reports in which both serum testosterone and gonadotropin concentrations were determined. Moger (1975a) reported that supraphysiological serum concentrations of testosterone were required to inhibit the post castration rise in serum LH concentrations in immature rats, and Verjans et al. (1975) reported similar findings for both LH and FH in mature rats. Our results fail to support the earlier findings in that maintenance of serum testosterone concentrations within the normal range of either sexually immature or mature animals
4 668 MOGER prevented the castration induced rise of both serum LH and FH. The major difference between our report and previous ones involves the method of testosterone administration. ilastic capsules have been shown to release testosterone (tratton et al., 1973) and other steroids at uniform rates (Dziuk and Cook, 1966) and although this is supported by our results in Tables 1 and 2, the serum testosterone concentrations are influenced by animal growth during the implantation period. This pattern of release is believed to be quite different from the fluctuating concentration that results when testosterone is administered in oil as testosterone is rapidly absorbed from the injection site (James et al., 1969). It appears, therefore, that a more uniform concentration of testosterone is more effective than are fluctuating levels in suppressing the castration induced rise in serum gonadotropin concentrations. Hutchison and Goldman (1975) have recently confirmed this by comparing the ability of testosterone administered as a single injection in oil with the same quantity administered by constant infusion to inhibit the castration induced rise in serum LH concentrations. Their results indicate that administration by constant infusion is considerably more effective. It is not clear, however, whether the pattern of release obtained with implants or that obtained by injection in oil most closely mimics the endogenous pattern of testosterone release. erum testosterone concentrations have been reported to show periods of elevation during a 24 h period in a number of species including man (Rowe et al., 1975a), bull (Katongole et al., 1971) rabbit (Rowe et al., 1975b) and rat (Bartke et al., 1973). This is reflected in the present report where the average coefficient of variation of serum testosterone concentrations was 57.3 percent for the intact animals. This value is comparable to that reported by Bartke et al. (1973) for adult rats. The coefficient of variation for the testosterone implanted groups averaged only 22.5 percent. Many of the reports cited above on the effect of testosterone injections on serum gonadotropin concentrations were investigations of the possibility that the hypothalamic-pituitary axis becomes less sensitive to feedback inhibition during sexual development. The present study was not designed to investigate this point, and no inferences regarding changes in the sensitivity of LH suppression can be made as no dose-response relationship was observed between serum testosterone and LH concentrations. In the immature animals a dose-response relationship was observed between serum testosterone and FH concentrations (Fig. 1). This relationship is observed only at serum testosterone concentrations below approximately one ng/ml. At concentrations of testosterone above this level mean serum FH concentrations ranged from approximately 100 to 260 ng/ml (Table 2 and Fig. 1). Although these levels are generally below FH concentrations in intact immature animals, they are not greatly different from serum FH concentrations in the 90 day old adult rats (252 ± 17 ng/ml, Fig. 2). It is therefore possible that the decrease in serum FH concentrations that occurs during sexual development (werdloff et al., 1972; Negro- Vilar et al., 1973b; Gupta et al., 1975) may be accounted for largely by the increases in serum testosterone concentrations that occur during puberty. Gupta et al. (1975) have suggested that the changes in serum FH concentrations during puberty correlate more with changes in dihydrotestosterone concentrations than with testosterone concentrations. As our assay measures both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone we cannot dispute this suggestion. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The technical assistance of Ms. V. Masland and the editorial assistance of Miss E. hapter are gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgment is also extended to Dr. T. Kennedy for advice on the preparation of the testosterone capsules. This work was supported by Grant MA-5401 from the Medical Research Council of Canada. REFERENCE Bartke, A., teele, R. E., Musto, N. and Caldwell, B. V. (1973). Fluctuations in plasma testosterone levels in adult male rats and mice. Endocrinology 92, Bloch, G. J., Masken, J., Kragt, C. L. and Ganong, W. F. (1974). Effect of testosterone on plasma LH in male rats of various ages. Endocrinology 94, Dufy-Barbe, L. and Franchimont, P. (1972). Influence des differents steroides gonadiques sur Ic taux de la FH et de Ia LB chez Ic rat castr#{233}cr. oc. Biol. 166, Dziuk, P. J. and Cook, B. (1966). Passage of steroids through silicone rubber. Endocrinology 78, Eldridge, J. C. and Mahesh, V. B. (1974). Pituitarygonadal axis before puberty: evaluation of testicular steroids in the male rat. Biol. Reprod. 11, Gupta, D., Roger, K., Attanasio, A., Klemm, W. and Eichnez, M. (1975). ex steroid hormones during multiphase pubertal developments. J. teroid Bio-
5 TETOTERONE IMPLANT, ERUM LB. FH LEVEL 669 chem. 6, Hutchison, J.. and Goldman, B. D. (1975). The relationship between the rate of testosterone infusion and gonadotropin secretion. Endocrinology 97, James, K. C., Nicholls, P. J. and Roberts, (Mrs.) M. (1969). Biological half-lives of (4-4C) testosterone and some of its esters after injection into the rat. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 21, Kalra, P. 5., Fawcett, C. P., Krulich, L. and McCann,. M. (1973). The effects of gonadal steroids on plasma gonadotropins and prolactin in the rat. Endocrinology 92, Katongole, C. B., Naftolin, F. and hort, R. V. (1971). Relationship between blood levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in bulls, and the effects of sexual stimulation. J. Endocrinol. 50, Moger, W. H. (1975a). erum testosterone and luteinizing hormone concentrations in castrated immature rats treated with testosterone. J. Endocrinol. 67, Moger, W. H. (1975b). Effects of testosterone metabolites on serum gonadotropin concentrations in immature male rats. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53, Moger, W. H. and Armstrong, D. T. (1974). Changes in serum testosterone levels following acute LH treatment in immature and mature rats. Biol. Reprod. 11, 1-6. Negro-Vilar, A., Ojeda,. R. and McCann,. M. (1973a). Evidence for changes in sensitivity to testosterone negative feedback on gonadotropin release during sexual development in the male rat. Endocrinology 93, Negro- Vilar, A., Krulich, L. and McCann,. M. (1973b). Changes in serum prolactin and gonadotropins during sexual development of the male rat. Endocrinology 93, Rowe, P. H., Racey, P. A., Lincoln, G. A., Ellwood, M., Lehane, J. and henton, J. C. (1975). The temporal relationship between the secretion of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in man. J. Endocrinol. 64, Rowe, P. H., Hopkinson, C. R. N., henton, J. C. and Glover, T. D. (1975). The secretion of LH and testosterone in the rabbit. teroids 25, teel, R. G. D. and Tone, J. J. (1960). Principles and Procedures of tatistics, McGraw-Hill, New York. tratton, L. G., Ewing, L. L. and Desjardins, C. (1973). Efficacy of testosterone-filled polydimethylsiloxane implants in maintaining plasma testosterone in rabbits. J. Reprod. Fertil. 35, werdloff, R.., Jacobs, H. J. and Odell, W. D. (1972). Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal interrelationships in the rat during sexual maturation. in Gonadotropins, B. B. axena, C. G. Beling and H. M. Grandy, Eds., pp , Wiley, New York. werdloff, R.., Grover, P. K., Jacobs, H.. and Bain, J. (1973). earch for a substance which selectively inhibits FH-Effects of steroids and prostaglandins on serum FH and LH levels. teroids 21, Verjans, H. L., van der Molen, H. J. and Eik-Nes, K. B. (1975). Relation between circulating levels of testosterone, LH and FH in intact and castrated, adult, male rats after testosterone administration. Acta Endocrinol. 79, RECOMMENDED REVIEW McCann,. M. and Ramirez, V. D. (1964). The neuroendocrine regulation of hypophyseal luteinizing hormone secretion. Rec. Progr. in Hormone Res. 20, Odell, W. D., werdloff, R.., Abraham, C. E., Jacobs, H.. and Walsh, P. C. (1971). Pituitary- Gonadal Interrelations, in Control of Gonadal teroid ecretion, D. T. Baird and J. A. trong, Eds., pp , Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
INFLUENCE OF NEONATAL CASTRATION OR NEONATAL ANTI-GONADOTROPIN TREATMENT ON FERTILITY, PHALLUS DEVELOPMENT, AND MALE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN THE MOUSE*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright 1975 The American Fertility Society Vol. 26, No.9. September 1975 Printed in U.SA. INFLUENCE OF NEONATAL CASTRATION OR NEONATAL ANTI-GONADOTROPIN TREATMENT ON FERTILITY,
More informationhypothesis (Swerdloff, Walsh, Jacobs & Odell, 1971; Odell, Swerdloff, Jacobs & Hescox,
LEVELS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE, FOLLICLE-STIMULTING HORMONE, TESTOSTERONE N IHROTESTOSTERONE IN THE CIRCULTION OF SEXULL MTURING INTCT MLE RTS N FTER ORCHIECTOM N EXPERIMENTL BILTERL CRPTORCHIISM. GUPT,
More informationHormonal Interrelationships Between Hypothalamus, Pituitary and Testis of Rams and Bulls
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty USDA Agricultural Research Service --Lincoln, Nebraska 1-1-1982 Hormonal Interrelationships
More informationMechanisms of precocious puberty induced in male rats by
Mechanisms of precocious puberty induced in male rats by pituitary grafts R. Aguilar, C. Bellido, J. E. S\l=a'\nchez-Criadoand E. Aguilar Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba University,
More informationInfluence of Testicular Steroids on Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone-induced Prolactin Release in Mature Rams
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln,
More informationThe reproductive system
The reproductive system THE OVARIAN CYCLE HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENSIS AND OVULATION hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis Overview of the structures of the endocrine system Principal functions of the
More informationIndex. urologic.theclinics.com. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acquired hypogonadism, prevalence of, 165 167 primary, 165 secondary, 167 Adipose tissue, as an organ, 240 241 Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital,
More informationHormones of brain-testicular axis
(Hormone Function) Hormones of brain-testicular axis anterior pituitary drives changes during puberty controlled by GnRH from hypothalamus begins to secrete FSH, LH LH targets interstitial endocrinocytes
More informationDepartment of Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance, California ABSTRACT
BOLOGY OF REPRODUCTON 37, 5 5-59 (1987) Testosterone Selectively ncreases Serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormonal (FSH) But Not Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist-Treated
More informationLH and FSH. Women. Men. Increased LH. Decreased LH. By Ronald Steriti, ND, PhD 2011
LH and FSH By Ronald Steriti, ND, PhD 2011 Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are gonadotropins that stimulate the gonads - the testes in males, and the ovaries in females.
More informationLH (Pig) ELISA Kit. Catalog Number KA assays Version: 05. Intended for research use only.
LH (Pig) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2344 96 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationMICROWELL ELISA LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) ENZYMEIMMUNOASSAY TEST KIT LH ELISA. Cat # 4225Z
DIAGNOSTIC AUTOMATION, INC. 23961 Craftsman Road, Suite D/E/F, Calabasas, CA 91302 Tel: (818) 591-3030 Fax: (818) 591-8383 onestep@rapidtest.com technicalsupport@rapidtest.com www.rapidtest.com See external
More informationModulation by photoperiod of gonadotrophin secretion in intact and castrated Djungarian hamsters
Modulation by photoperiod of gonadotrophin secretion in intact and castrated Djungarian hamsters S. M. Simpson, B. K. Follett and D. H. Ellis A.R.C. Research Group on Photoperiodism & Reproduction, Department
More information(Received 9th January 1974)
RELEASE OF LH AND FSH IN THE NORMAL INTACT RAM BY SYNTHETIC LH-RF AND THE EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT WITH TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE C. R. N. HOPKINSON, H. C. PANT and R. J. FITZPATRICK Department of Veterinary
More informationLH (Rodent) ELISA Kit
LH (Rodent) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2332 96 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More information10.7 The Reproductive Hormones
10.7 The Reproductive Hormones December 10, 2013. Website survey?? QUESTION: Who is more complicated: men or women? The Female Reproductive System ovaries: produce gametes (eggs) produce estrogen (steroid
More informationCorticosterone, Prolactin, and Growth Hormone Responses to Handling and New Environment in the Rat*
Corticosterone, Prolactin, and Growth Hormone Responses to Handling and New Environment in the Rat* GREGORY M. BROWN, MD, PHD, FRCP(C) AND JOSEPH B. MARTIN, MD, PHD, FRCP(C) Temporal characteristics of
More information(Haltmeyer & Eik-Neis, 1969; Katongole, Naftolin & Short, 1971). rutting behaviour and a rise in the male hierarchy (Lincoln, Youngson &
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL STATUS AND REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY IN MALE IMPALA, AEPYCEROS MELAMPUS P. S. BRAMLEY and W. B. NEAVES Departments of Animal Physiology and Anatomy, University of Nairobi, P.O.
More informationTESTOSTERONE DEFINITION
DEFINITION A hormone that is a hydroxyl steroid ketone (C19H28O2) produced especially by the testes or made synthetically and that is responsible for inducing and maintaining male secondary sex characteristics.
More informationFSH (Rodent) ELISA Kit
FSH (Rodent) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2330 96 assays Version: 06 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationEffects of Growth Hormone on Testicular Testosterone Production In Vitro in Transgenic Mice
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Honors Theses University Honors Program 12-1989 Effects of Growth Hormone on Testicular Testosterone Production In Vitro in Transgenic Mice Angela Susan
More informationInduction of Infertility in Male Rats by Treatment with Gonadotropin Antiserum During Neonatal Life1 2
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUTION 2, 444-45 1 (1970) Induction of Infertility in Male Rats by Treatment with Gonadotropin Antiserum During Neonatal Life1 2 BRUE D. GOLDMAN1 AND VIRENDRA B. MAHESH Department of Endocrinology,
More informationThe Effects of Selective Withdrawal of FSH or LH. on Spermatogenesis in the Immature Rat
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 14,489-494(1976) The Effects of Selective Withdrawal of FSH or LH on Spermatogenesis in the Immature Rat H. G. MADHWA RAJ and MARTIN DYM Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
More informationParadoxical Effects of D-TRP6 -LHRH in Immature Female Rats Correlated with Changes in ACTH, Prolactin, and Corticosterone Levels
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 24, 55-511 (1981) Paradoxical Effects of D-TRP6 -LHRH in Immature Female Rats Correlated with Changes in ACTH, Prolactin, and Corticosterone Levels MARY V. NEKOLA,2 ESCIPION PEDROZA
More informationLH (Canine) ELISA Kit
LH (Canine) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2292 96 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More information9.4 Regulating the Reproductive System
9.4 Regulating the Reproductive System The Reproductive System to unite a single reproductive cell from a female with a single reproductive cell from a male Both male and female reproductive systems include
More informationFukushima-ku, Osaka. Synopsis. and LH release by investigating the effects of exogenous estrogen on the progesteroneinduced
Further Studies on the Causal Relationship between the Secretion of Estrogen and the Release of Luteinizing Hormone in the Rat FUMIHIKO KOBAYASHI, KATSUMI HARA AND TAMOTSU MIYAKE Shionogi Research Laboratory,
More informationFSH (Human) ELISA Kit
FSH (Human) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA0213 96 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationFemale Reproductive System. Lesson 10
Female Reproductive System Lesson 10 Learning Goals 1. What are the five hormones involved in the female reproductive system? 2. Understand the four phases of the menstrual cycle. Human Reproductive System
More informationEffect of Orchiectomy on Pituitary Secretion of ACTH MARY D. COYNE AND JULIAN I. KITAY
Excerpted from: Journal Title: Endocrinology. Volume: 89 Issue: 4 October 1971 Pages: 1024-8 Effect of Orchiectomy on Pituitary Secretion of ACTH MARY D. COYNE AND JULIAN I. KITAY Department of Physiology,
More informationinjected daily were {Received 7th August 1972) Summary. Groups of rats ovariectomized 5 weeks previously
FFCTS OF XOGNOUS OSTRADIOL AND PROGSTRON ON SRUM LVLS OF PROSTAGLANDIN F AND LUTINIZING HORMON IN CHRONICALLY OVARICTOMIZD RATS S. K. SAKSNA, R. STL and M. J. K. HARPR Worcester Foundation for xperimental
More informationCholecystokinin antagonist, proglumide, stimulates growth hormone release in the rat
J. Biosci., Vol. 15, Number 1, March 1990, pp. 17 21. Printed in India. Cholecystokinin antagonist, proglumide, stimulates growth hormone release in the rat E. VIJAYAN* and S. M. McCANN Department of Physiology,
More informationHormonal Control of Male Sexual Function
Hormonal Control of Male Sexual Function A majority of the control of sexual functions in the male (and the female) begins with secretions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus.
More informationHormonal Control of Human Reproduction
Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with
More informationReproductive FSH. Analyte Information
Reproductive FSH Analyte Information 1 Follicle-stimulating hormone Introduction Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, also known as follitropin) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary
More informationEffect of cadmium chloride on the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and androgens in the adult male rat
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Vol. 87 B, (Experimental Biology-3), No.7, July 1978, pp. 161-167, @ printed in India Effect of cadmium chloride on the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing
More informationAging of the Reproductive System in the Male Hamster: Behavioral and Endocrine Patterns1
BOLOGY OF REPRODUCTON 26, 79 1-799 (1982) Aging of the Reproductive ystem in the Male Hamster: Behavioral and Endocrine Patterns1 LNDA J WANON,2 3 CLAUDE DEJARDN4 and FRED W TUREK3 Department of Neurobiology
More informationInvestigation: The Human Menstrual Cycle Research Question: How do hormones control the menstrual cycle?
Investigation: The Human Menstrual Cycle Research Question: How do hormones control the menstrual cycle? Introduction: The menstrual cycle (changes within the uterus) is an approximately 28-day cycle that
More informationChapter 14 Reproduction Review Assignment
Date: Mark: _/45 Chapter 14 Reproduction Review Assignment Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Use the diagram above to answer the next question.
More informationWeb Activity: Simulation Structures of the Female Reproductive System
differentiate. The epididymis is a coiled tube found along the outer edge of the testis where the sperm mature. 3. Testosterone is a male sex hormone produced in the interstitial cells of the testes. It
More informationRESPONSE OF THE PITUITARY-SEXUAL GLAND CHAIN IN FEMALE PIGS FOLLOWING EXTERNAL GAMMA IRRADIATION
6 Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2004 Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp 6-13, 2004 Copyright 2004 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1312-1723 Original
More informationThe Players. Liver Thyroid Adrenals Pancreas Reproductive System Pituitary Gut Bacteria
The Players Part I Quick Review Understanding some of the key systems and their relationship to hormones is the best place to start It will help with some of the hormone interconnections Key to understanding
More informationand Luteinizing Hormone as Measured by Radioimmunoassay Correlated with Sexual Development in Hypopituitary Subjects
Serum Follicular - Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone as Measured by Radioimmunoassay Correlated with Sexual Development in Hypopituitary Subjects ROBERT PENNY, THOMAS P. FOLEY, JR., and ROBERT
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE: match the term(s) or description with the appropriate letter of the structure.
Chapter 27 Exam Due NLT Thursday, July 31, 2015 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE: match the term(s) or description with the appropriate letter of the structure. Figure 27.1 Using Figure 27.1, match the following:
More informationLH (Bovine) ELISA Kit
LH (Bovine) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2280 96 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationEndocrine System Notes
Endocrine System Notes is the tendency to maintain a stable internal environment. - parts of the body that secrete hormones directly into the body. - parts of the body that make secretions which travel
More informationUltra-Sensitive Estradiol lumelisa Catalog No. GWB-AEB745, legacy id (96 Tests)
For Research Use Only. Not for use in Diagnostic Procedures. INTENDED USE The GenWay, Inc. Ultra Sensitive Estradiol (E2) (Chemiluminescence Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is used for the ultra sensitive
More informationFOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE CONTENT OF THE PITUITARY GLAND BEFORE IMPLANTATION IN THE MOUSE AND RAT
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE CONTENT OF THE PITUITARY GLAND BEFORE IMPLANTATION IN THE MOUSE AND RAT B. M. BINDON Department of Veterinary Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia (Received
More informationPituitary Regulation of Preovulatory Estrogen Secretion MAKOTO IDE AND TAMOTSU MIYAKE
Pituitary Regulation of Preovulatory Estrogen Secretion in the Rat TAKASHI HORI, MAKOTO IDE AND TAMOTSU MIYAKE Shionogi Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Fukushima-ku, Osaka Synopsis A role of
More informationTestosterone Injection / Implant
Federal Employee Program 1310 G Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 202.942.1000 Fax 202.942.1125 Subject: Testosterone Injection / Implant Page: 1 of 9 Last Review Date: December 5, 2014 Testosterone
More informationDidactic Series. Hypogonadism and HIV. Daniel Lee, MD UCSD Medical Center, Owen Clinic July 28, 2016
Didactic Series Hypogonadism and HIV Daniel Lee, MD UCSD Medical Center, Owen Clinic July 28, 2016 This project is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department
More informationTestosterone Injection and Implant
Federal Employee Program 1310 G Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 202.942.1000 Fax 202.942.1125 5.30.33 Subject: Testosterone Injection Implant Page: 1 of 10 Last Review Date: November 30, 2018 Testosterone
More informationMASAZUMI KAWAKAMI, FUKUKO KIMURA AND TAKASHI HIGUCHI 2nd Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama
Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Brain on Gonadotropin Secretion in Male Rats MASAZUMI KAWAKAMI, FUKUKO KIMURA AND TAKASHI HIGUCHI 2nd Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University School
More informationReproductive Hormones
Reproductive Hormones Male gonads: testes produce male sex cells! sperm Female gonads: ovaries produce female sex cells! ovum The union of male and female sex cells during fertilization produces a zygote
More informationHuman Follicle-Stimulation Hormone ELISA Kit
Catalog No: IRAPKT2001 Human Follicle-Stimulation Hormone ELISA Kit Lot No: SAMPLE INTENDED USE For the quantitative determination of follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH) concentration in human serum. FOR
More informationFor topical use only. Not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.
DESOXIMETASONE Ointment USP, 0.25% For topical use only. Not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use. Rx only DESCRIPTION Desoximetasone ointment USP, 0.25% contains the active synthetic corticosteroid
More informationFertility and early embryonic development. Chris Willoughby, Huntingdon Life Sciences 11 October 2012
Fertility and early embryonic development Chris Willoughby, Huntingdon Life Sciences 11 October 2012 Outline 2 What sort of compounds may affect fertility? What areas of reproduction are we assessing in
More informationCHANGES IN LEVELS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE BOVINE PITUITARY GLAND AT OVULATION
CHANGES IN LEVELS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE BOVINE PITUITARY GLAND AT OVULATION A. M. RAKHA and H. A. ROBERTSON The Division of Agricultural Biochemistry, Department
More informationChanges in FSH, LH and Prolactin Secretion During Estrous Cycle in Rats
Changes in FSH, LH and Prolactin Secretion During Estrous Cycle in Rats KAZUYOSHI TAYA AND MASAO IGARASHI Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi Synopsis
More informationChapter 14 The Reproductive System
Biology 12 Name: Reproductive System Per: Date: Chapter 14 The Reproductive System Complete using BC Biology 12, page 436-467 14. 1 Male Reproductive System pages 440-443 1. Distinguish between gametes
More informationREPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE MALE
Reproductive Biotechnologies Andrology I REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE MALE Prof. Alberto Contri REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE MALE SPERMATOGENESIS AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR RELATED TO THE ACTIVITY
More informationRegulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Male: Effect of an Aromatization Inhibitor in Estradiolimplanted,
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln,
More informationMode of action (MoA) in toxicology: general concept
Toxicogenomics toxicology at a molecular level (mrna, mirna, proteins, metabolites ) Mode of action (MoA) in toxicology: general concept Chemical substance Key event 1 (Molecular initiating event) Key
More informationREPRODUCTION & GENETICS. Hormones
REPRODUCTION & GENETICS Hormones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=np0wfu_mgzo Objectives 2 Define what hormones are; Compare and contrast the male and female hormones; Explain what each hormone in the mail
More informationFertility Diagnostics
Fertility Diagnostics Fertility hormones measured on PATHFAST For internal use only Diagnostics PATHFAST Chemiluminescence-immuno-analyzer 1 Content: page 1. Fertility hormones - general aspects 1.1 Reproductive
More informationReproduction. AMH Anti-Müllerian Hormone. Analyte Information
Reproduction AMH Anti-Müllerian Hormone Analyte Information - 1-2011-01-11 AMH Anti-Müllerian Hormone Introduction Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein dimer composed of two 72 kda monomers 1.
More informationCentral Progesterone Involvement in Estrogen- Induced Prolactin and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion Surges in Female Rats
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Honors Theses University Honors Program 5-10-2014 Central Progesterone Involvement in Estrogen- Induced Prolactin and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion Surges
More informationHypogonadism 4/27/2018. Male Hypogonadism -- Definition. Epidemiology. Objectives HYPOGONADISM. Men with Hypogonadism. 95% untreated.
Male Hypogonadism -- Definition - Low T, Low Testosterone Hypogonadism -...a clinical syndrome that results from failure of the testes to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone due to pathology
More information2 - male hormones/ female system
2 - male hormones/ female system May 7, 2012 5:08 PM I) Testosterone: main androgen (male sex hormone) A) Intro to Testosterone: -steroid hormone produced by interstitial cells in testes -produced in response
More informationPedsCases Podcast Scripts
PedsCases Podcast Scripts This is a text version of a podcast from Pedscases.com on Puberty and Pubertal Disorders Part 2: Precocious Puberty. These podcasts are designed to give medical students an overview
More informationGenerating kisspeptin cell lines to investigate their role in reproduction
Generating kisspeptin cell lines to investigate their role in reproduction Dakota C. Jacobs 1 Jadwiga M. Giebultowicz 2, and Patrick E. Chappell 3 1 Bioresource Research, 2 Department of Integrative Biology,
More informationTestosterone Injection and Implant
Federal Employee Program 1310 G Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 202.942.1000 Fax 202.942.1125 5.30.33 Subject: Testosterone Injection Implant Page: 1 of 10 Last Review Date: December 8, 2017 Testosterone
More informationEvaluation and Management of Pituitary Failure. Dr S. Ali Imran MBBS, FRCP (Edin), FRCPC Professor of Medicine Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
Evaluation and Management of Pituitary Failure Dr S. Ali Imran MBBS, FRCP (Edin), FRCPC Professor of Medicine Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Conflict of Interest None Objectives Diagnostic approach
More informationRole of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the control of gonadotropin release: A review
J. Biosci., Vol. 7, Number 2, March 1985, pp. 207-213. Printed in India. Role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the control of gonadotropin release: A review E. VIJAYAN School of Life Sciences,
More informationAndroderm patch, AndroGel packets and pump, Axiron solution, First- Testosterone, First-Testosterone MC, Fortesta gel, Testim gel, Vogelxo
Federal Employee Program 1310 G Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 202.942.1000 Fax 202.942.1125 5.30.31 Subject: Testosterone Topical Page: 1 of 9 Last Review Date: September 23, 2016 Testosterone topical
More informationReproductive System (Hormone Function) Physiology Department Medical School, University of Sumatera Utara
Reproductive System (Hormone Function) Physiology Department Medical School, University of Sumatera Utara 1 Endocrine Control: Three Levels of Integration Hormones of the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary
More informationNo cases of precocious puberty were reported during clinical trials of risperidone in, cases of precocious puberty have been
levels than adults. The growth hormone elevations reported for the 12 patients with growth hormone excess were modest and well below levels reported in children with gigantism. 7,8 None of the patients
More informationTHE EFFECT OF TESTICULAR EXTRACTS ON THE BLOOD CALCIUM
55 THE EFFECT OF TESTICULAR EXTRACTS ON THE BLOOD CALCIUM BY L. MIRVISH AND L. P. BOSMAN. (From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cape Town.) {Received 12th February 1929.) IT has long been
More informationENDOCRINOLOGY COORDINATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES:
ENDOCRINOLOGY COORDINATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES: -In a living organism there must be coordination of number of physiological activities taking place simultaneously such as: movement, respiration,
More informationThe beginning of puberty is marked by the progressive increase in the production of sex hormones.
Puberty is characterized by the changes that prepare the human body for the ability to reproduce. This stage generally occurs between the ages of 10 and 14 years old. The beginning of puberty is marked
More informationAction of reproductive hormones through the life span 9/22/99
Action of reproductive hormones through the life span Do reproductive hormones affect the life span? One hypothesis about the rate of aging asserts that there is selective pressure for either high rate
More informationEndocrinology of the Female Reproductive Axis
Endocrinology of the Female Reproductive Axis girlontheriver.com Geralyn Lambert-Messerlian, PhD, FACB Professor Women and Infants Hospital Alpert Medical School at Brown University Women & Infants BROWN
More informationReproductive Health and Pituitary Disease
Reproductive Health and Pituitary Disease Janet F. McLaren, MD Assistant Professor Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology jmclaren@uabmc.edu Objectives
More informationSHARED CARE PRESCRIBING GUIDELINE Triptorelin (Gonapeptyl Depot 3.75 mg TM, Decapeptyl SR mg TM ) for precocious puberty
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP WITH SHARED CARE PRESCRIBING GUIDELINE Triptorelin (Gonapeptyl Depot 3.75 mg TM, Decapeptyl SR 11.25 mg TM ) for precocious puberty NHS Surrey s Medicines Management Committee classification:
More informationLow Plasma Estradiol is Required for the Expression of Daily Increase in Plasma Gonadotropins in the Lactating Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Journal of Reproduction and Development, Vol. 43, No. 2, 1997 Low Plasma Estradiol is Required for the Expression of Daily Increase in Plasma Gonadotropins in the Lactating Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus
More informationA. K. EYONG AND V. B. BRAIDE
GLOBAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES VOL 8, NO. 1&2, 2009: 23-30 COPYRIGHT BACHUDO SCIENCE CO. LTD PRINTED IN NIGERIA. ISSN 1596-2911 www.globaljournalseries.com; Email: info@globaljournalseries.com EFFECTS
More informationDaily blood hormone levels related to the luteinizing hormone surge in anovulatory cycles
FRTILITY AND STRILITY Copyright 1983 The American Fertility Society Printed in U.8A. Daily blood hormone levels related to the luteinizing hormone surge in anovulatory cycles Chung H. Wu, M.D. * F. Susan
More informationThe Effect of Clomiphene Citrate Male Infertility
The Effect of Clomiphene Citrate Male Infertility. tn RAYMOND C. MELLINGER, M.D., and ROBERT J. THOMPSON, M.D. CLOMIPHENE CITRATE, an analog of the nonsteroidal estrogen TACE,* has proved effective in
More informationInduction of Superovulation by Immunoneutralization of Endogenous Inhibin in Immature Rats
Journal of Reproduction and Development, Vol. 51, No. 5, 2005 Original Induction of Superovulation by Immunoneutralization of Endogenous Inhibin in Immature Rats Harumichi ISHIGAME 1,2), Mohamed S MEDAN
More informationAdrenal Glands. Adrenal Glands. Adrenal Glands. Adrenal Glands. Adrenal Glands 4/12/2016. Controlled by both nerves and hormones.
Glands http://www.hawaiilife.com/articles/2012/03/good-news-vacation-rental-owners/ 70 Figure 10.14a gland Glands cortex Mineralocorticoids Gonadocorticoids Glucocorticoids medulla Epinephrine Norepinephrine
More informationStage 4 - Ovarian Cancer Symptoms
WELCOME Stage 4 - Ovarian Cancer Symptoms University of Baghdad College of Nursing Department of Basic Medical Sciences Overview of Anatomy and Physioloy II Second Year Students Asaad Ismail Ahmad,
More informationTestosterone Oral Buccal Nasal. Android, Androxy, Methitest, Natesto, Striant, Testred. Description
1310 G Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 202.942.1000 Fax 202.942.1125 5.30.32 Subject: Testosterone Oral Buccal Nasal Page: 1 of 10 Last Review Date: March 17, 2017 Testosterone Oral Buccal Nasal Description
More informationPubertal Development in Japanese Boys
Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 1993; (SuPP13): 7-14 Copyright (C)1993 by The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Pubertal Development in Japanese Boys Kenji Fujieda, M.D., Ph. D. Department of Pediatrics,
More informationAppeal decision. Appeal No USA HILL'S PET NUTRITION, INC. Osaka, Japan
Appeal decision Appeal No. 2015-17056 USA Appellant HILL'S PET NUTRITION, INC. Osaka, Japan Patent Attorney MURAI, Koji The case of appeal against the examiner's decision of refusal of Japanese Patent
More informationMale Reproductive System
21-1 21-2 Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Genital Tract In males the testes, held outside the body in the scrotum (optimum temp of about 35 0 C), produce sperm. Sperm mature in coiled tubes
More information(17fl-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) to produce this syndrome experimentally
J. Physiol. (1964), 176, pp. 91-14 91 Printed in Great Britain THE EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD ON THE THYROID GLAND OF MALE AND FEMALE RATS BY K. BROWVN-GRANT* From the Department
More informationEndocrine secretion cells secrete substances into the extracellular fluid
Animal Hormones Concept 30.1 Hormones Are Chemical Messengers Endocrine secretion cells secrete substances into the extracellular fluid Exocrine secretion cells secrete substances into a duct or a body
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.45 - ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.
!! www.clutchprep.com Chemical signals allow cells to communicate with each other Pheromones chemical signals released to the environment to communicate with other organisms Autocrine signaling self-signaling,
More informationnorepinephrinee." 2 PNMT activity is stimulated by certain adrenocortical markedly,3' 4 but can be restored to normal by the administration of
IMPAIRED SECRETION OF EPINEPHRINE IN RESPONSE TO INSULIN AMONG HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED DOGS* BY RICHARD J. WURTMAN, ALFRED CASPER, LARISSA A. POHORECKY, AND FREDERIC C. BARTTER DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND FOOD
More information1. Has this plan authorized this medication in the past for this member (i.e., previous authorization is on file under this plan)?
Pharmacy Prior Authorization AETA BETTER HEALTH EW JERSE (MEDICAID) Eligard Trelstar - Vantas (Medicaid) This fax machine is located in a secure location as required by HIPAA regulations. Complete/review
More information