the reproductive organs of a flower

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1 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity flower power the reproductive organs of a flower Frameworks SCIENCE LS Model and explain the function of plant organs: leaves, roots, stems, flowers. LS Dissect a flower to analyze the reproductive system of angiosperms (e.g., paper, plastic or clay models, virtual dissection or specimen dissection) LS Identify organ systems in vertebrates and plants. LS Analyze the structure and function of tissues, organs and organ systems of a vertebrate and an angiosperm using various models or methods of dissection. LANGUAGE ARTS OV Contribute appropriately to class discussion. OV Contribute appropriately to class discussion. OV Contribute appropriately to class discussion. Math M Identify and select appropriate units and tools from both systems to measure ex. Angles with degrees, distance with feet/meters M Understand, select and use the appropriate units and tools ( metric and customary) to measure length, weight, mass and volume to the required degree of accuracy for real world problems. s Objectives The students will learn: Objective #1 To define angiosperms. Objective #2 To describe and explain the major parts of a flower. Objective #3 To draw and label the major parts of a flower. Objective #4 To distinguish female and male reproductive organs in a flower. Objective #5 To illustrate pollination. Objective #6 To appropriately use verbal speaking skills in class discussion with the teacher and Garden Program Specialist.

2 Page 2 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity Flower Power: Teachers Guide for pollination and reproduction. Most important food crops depend on pollinators Overview Angiosperms, also known as flowering plants, reproduce sexually through pollination. Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma. External agents, mainly insects and birds, function as pollinators. Garden Activities s Examine flowers s Plant, harvest and work in the garden following the Garden Guide s Recipes and Taste tests as time permits (refer to Delta Garden Study Recipe Book)

3 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity Flower Power: Teachers Guide Page 3 Tips for Teachers Pre-lesson preparation: 1. Review the Study Guide for Students pages to familiarize yourself with the extent of knowledge this lesson is designed to convey to students. 2. Review the Supporting Information for Teachers pages to familiarize yourself with additional information to teach as needed. This section is designed for reference purposes, not as lecture material read to the class. 3. Arrange for flowers from the school garden (check with Garden Program Specialist about availability). 4. Keep the Visual page handy. 5. Prepare all materials for the lab activity as necessary. LESSON OUTLINE garden materials needed s Rulers s Tape s Magnifying glasses s Flowers to dissect (either from the garden or from a local florist) s Plastic knives (if available) in the classroom activities estimated duration actual duration s Offer the icebreaker 5 minutes in the garden s Dissect flowers 15 minutes s Examine any flowers found in the garden. Look for developing fruit. s Plant, harvest and work in the garden following the Garden Guide. s Implement recipes and taste tests as time permits (refer to the Delta Garden Recipe book). 5 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes back in the classroom s Hand out Student Learning Workbooks, review and assign Take it Home Activity as homework 5 minutes classroom materials needed s Student Learning Workbooks

4 Page 4 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity Flower Power: Teachers Guide Lesson PLAN I. Start in the classroom A. Icebreaker Ask students What do you think is the most popular flower grown in the world? ANSWER: Roses. II. Take class to the garden s Instruct students to help carry all required materials, if necessary. s As you are heading to your destination, point out any flowering plants and define angiosperms. Explain that flowers are important for plant reproduction. s In the greenhouse or garden, display the Visual page and have them look at it in their Student Workbook. Instruct students to dissect flowers as described on the Supporting Information for Teachers page. s Instruct students to check the flowers in the school garden or grounds for pollinators. Explain pollination. s Check the plants for any fruits that might be growing. Fruits grow from a seed that was fertilized through pollination. s Instruct students to pick and taste available vegetables. Ask for feedback. Ask students to describe which ones they recognize and which ones they eat at home. Meets Objective #1 Meets ObjectiveS #1 5 Meets Objective #5 Meets Objective #5 III. Take class back to classroom s Hand out the Student Learning Workbook as reference material and class assignment. Review take it home activities and encourage students to do them. Meets Objective #6

5 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity Flower Power: Teachers Guide Page 5 Supporting Information for Teachers BACKGROUND Dissecting a flower will help students understand sexual reproduction of plants. This lab activity may be performed in the greenhouse or garden if tables are available. Materials needed s Fresh flowers. Any flower may be used, but some flowers contain parts that are more clearly distinguishable. These include: lily, iris, daffodil, tulip, peas, poppies, gladiolus, daisy, carnation, pansy, violet, daffodil or petunia. Ask the Garden Program Specialist for availability. As an alternative, a florist might be willing to donate some flowers that are past their prime for use. s Tape s Ruler s Magnifying glass if available s Plastic knives if available Procedure: Dissecting a flower with cutting instruments 1. Display the image from the Visual page. 2. Team students into pairs. Give a flower to each pair. 3. Instruct students to draw the flower on paper, drawing them actual size. They should use the ruler to measure. Have them note the color and label sepals and petals. As students are working, explain the function of sepals and petals. Magnifying glasses may be used. 4. Instruct students to make a vertical incision into their flower to open it. (If working with cutting instruments is not feasible at your school, see below for an alternative dissection.) Have them tape or pin the petals and ovary to a sheet of paper to keep them open. 5. Point out the anther, stamen, filament, stigma, style, ovary and pistil and explain each function. 6. Instruct students to prepare a drawing of the open flower, using a ruler for accurate measurements. Ask all students to record the following information in their Student Workbook: length of pistil length of anther length of filament 7. Ask students to look for powdery residue, a sign that the anthers might be releasing pollen. 8. Instruct students to examine the ovary, an organ shaped like an n or u. Can they find the ovules? When fertilized, they develop into seeds. Procedure: Dissecting a flower without cutting instruments: 1. Display the image from the Visual page. 2. Team students into pairs. Give a flower to each pair. 3. Instruct students to draw the flower on paper, in a 1:1 ratio. They should use the ruler to measure. Have them note the color and label sepals and petals. As students are working, explain the function of sepals and petals. Magnifying glasses may be used. 4. Instruct students to carefully remove all the petals off the flower. They should be able to see the stamen and the pistil. Point out the anther and the filament and explain their function. Is powdery residue visible? That may be a sign that the anthers are releasing pollen. 5. Instruct students to carefully remove all the stamen. Now point out the stigma and style of the pistil. Explain each function. With a toothpick or tip of a pencil, carefully make a hole at the bottom of the flower and open. The ovary should be visible, shaped like an n or a u. Can the students see the ovules? If fertilized, they develop into seeds. 6. Instruct students to prepare a drawing of the open flower, using a ruler for accurate measurements. Ask all students to record the following information in their Student Workbook: length of pistil length of anther length of filament 7. Discuss with students the differences and similarities they found among the flowers.

6 Page 6 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity Flower Power: Teachers Guide Sources Queensland Science Teachers Master Gardener Manual Reference Arizona Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, University of Arizona, Plant Parts and Functions, Canterbury Environmental Education Centre, The Parts of a Flower U.S. Department of Education The Complete Book of Science, Grades 5-6 American Education Publishing, 2005 Master Gardener Arkansas Handbook University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, LifeExtensionVitamins Buzzle.com Lecture Notes #1 Discovery Education The Educator s Reference Desk Middleschoolscience.com

7 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity Flower Power: Teachers Guide Page 7 Principal Parts of a Flower

8 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity flower power the reproductive organs of a flower study guide for students Oh, what pretty flowers! Indeed. Flowers are usually the most eye-catching and attractive part of any garden or landscape. With their bright colors, soft fragrance and distinct shapes, flowers put on a big show. But it s not really intended for you or me. Flowers want to attract bees, wasps, butterflies and other insects and birds. Why? Reproduction. Scientifically speaking, flowering plants are called angiosperms. Angiosperms make up the largest group of land plants (embroyophytes). Growing flowers, or blooms, make them attractive, and distinguishes them from other seed plants. The flower is the part of the plant that contains the reproductive organs. (You ll recall the other three parts of a land plant: root, stem and leaves.) Most angiosperms contain both male and female reproductive organs. A process called pollination occurs when pollen from the male reproductive organ transfers to the female organ. This transfer results in fertilization, that is, sexual reproduction of the plant to produce seeds. Sometimes, the pollen is transferred through wind, but typically, the plant depends on pollinators. Pollinators are living organisms such as insects and birds. Here is a diagram of a flower and a detailed description of its function: Continued next page

9 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity Flower Power: Study Guide Page 2 The flower contains four major parts, including the female and male reproductive systems: Pistil: The pistil contains the female reproductive parts, usually found in the center of the flower. It is shaped like a bowling pin or chicken drumstick and consists of three parts: Stigma: It is located at the top of the pistil and is covered in a sticky substance to catch the pollen produced by the male reproductive part. Style: It connects the stigma to the ovary and functions like a transportation chute for the pollen to fertilize the eggs. Ovary: It is located at the base of the pistil and contains the eggs that reside in the ovule. After fertilization, the ovule develops into the seed and the ovary becomes the fruit. Stamen: The stamen is the male reproductive organ. Several stamens surround the pistil. They resemble cattails and consist of two parts: Anther: The anther sits on top of the stamen and holds grains of pollen. The pollen will be dispersed by wind or carried to the stigma by birds and insects, the pollinators. Filament: The filament holds the anther in an upright position so that the pollen can be easily scattered. Sepals: Sepals are small, green leaf-like structures at the base of the flower. They protect the flower while it develops from a bud. Petals: Petals are the leaves surrounding the pistil and stamen. They are the flashy part of a flower, often brightly colored and sweet-smelling to attract pollinators to the reproductive organs. Reproduction in process The flower makes a sweet liquid called nectar that insects and some birds like as food, and bees collect for making honey. Searching for nectar, insects or birds enter the flower. As they bustle about, they transfer pollen from the stamen to the pistil and also to other plants as they continue their search for food. That s called pollination. Once a grain of pollen settles on the stigma, it grows a long tube down the inside of the style to the ovules inside the ovary. Then, the male sperm nucleus from the pollen grain and the female egg found in the ovary join. That s called fertilization. The ovule develops into a seed and the ovary into a fruit. Once ripe, the fruit will be eaten by animals, including the seeds. The seeds survive the digestion process and end up in animal droppings on top of the soil. Another plant begins to grow and the life cycle starts all over again. angiosperms flowering plants embroyophytes the largest group of land plants pollinations occurs when pollen from the male reproductive organ transfers to the female organ fertilization sexual reproduction of that plant to produce seeds pollinators living organisms that transfer pollen pistil contains the female reproductive part of the flower stigma located at the top of the pistil, catches the pollen style connects the stigma to the ovary ovary located at the base of the pistil and contains the eggs stamen the male reproductive organ in a plant anther sits on top of the stamen and holds grains of pollen sepals small green leaf structures at the base of the flower petals leaves surrounding the pistil and stamen

10 Page 3 Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity Flower Power: Study Guide Dissection Record Please draw your specimen and record your measurements here: length of pistil length of anther length of filament

11 class assignment A Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity flower power LS Identify organ systems in vertebrates and plants. 1. What type of plant is an angiosperm? 2. How does pollination occur? Take it Home Garden and yard work will keep you active. While you re at it, smell the roses and remember that flowers are not only beautiful; they play an essential role in plant reproduction. Do 30 minutes of yard work today.

12 class assignment A Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity flower power answer key 1. What type of plant is an angiosperm? A flowering plant 2. How does pollination occur? Pollination occurs when pollen from a male reproductive organ transfers to the female reproductive organ of a plant.

13 class assignment B-C Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity flower power LS Identify organ systems in vertebrates and plants. 1. Name the female reproductive parts of a plant and explain their function. 2. Name the male reproductive parts of a plant and explain their function. Take it Home Garden and yard work will keep you active. While you re at it, smell the roses and remember that flowers are not only beautiful; they play an essential role in plant reproduction. Do 30 minutes of yard work today.

14 class assignment B-C Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity flower power answer key 1. Name the female reproductive parts of a plant and explain their function. Pistil: the center of a flower which contains the female parts Stigma: located at the top of the pistil and catches pollen Style: connects stigma and ovary and is a transportation chute for pollen Ovary: located at the base of the pistil; contains the eggs. 2. Name the male reproductive parts of a plant and explain their function. Stamen: reproductive organ which surrounds the pistil Anther: holds the grains of pollen Filament: holds anther in an upright position so the pollen can scatter

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