Punne% Square Quiz A AP Tes2ng this week 15-Week Grades due next week Note: media center is hos2ng tes2ng Turn in all make-up work

Transcription

1 Biology Monday, May 2, 2016 Do-Now: Punne% Square Quiz A 1. Write down today s FLT 2. What do we use Punne@ Squares for? 3. A purple flower (Pp) and a white flower are crossed. What % of the offspring will be white? Show your work. 4. A red cow (RR) and a white cow (WW) are crossed What % of the offspring will be roan (red and white)? Show your work. Finished? Take out your planner and ToC. Announcements AP Tes2ng this week Note: media center is hos2ng tes2ng Announcements 15-Week Grades due next week J Turn in all make-up work Re-take low scores Last progress reports before final grades J Planner: ToC#7 due by Friday J Turn in ALL makeup work Table of Contents #7 25. Punnett Square Quiz A Do-Now Standard HS-LS 3-2 Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/ or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors. FLT I will be able to demonstrate my understanding of Inheritance Patterns by completing Punnett Square Quiz A 1

2 ToC! Due this Friday J CW Notes: Punnett Squares C 1. Complete the do-now on the worksheet provided 2. Take out your ToC and planner Biology Tuesday, May 3 Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Announcements AP Tes2ng 3/2 3/13 Limited access to media center 15-Week Grades next week J All make-up work must be turned in Planner: Turn in ToC#7 BRING COIN NEXT CLASS! Unit Test Next Thurs/Fri!! J J J Table of Contents #8 1. Video Notes: Sex-Linked Traits 2. Punnett Square Notes C 3. Punnett Square WS C 2

3 Video Notes We will watch a video clip on sex-linked traits Use the informa2on in the video to answer the ques2ons on your do-now WS Let s share J Video Notes Standard HS-LS 3-2 Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/ or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors. FLT I will be able to predict the probable outcome of phenotypes in a genetic cross from the genotypes of the parents in complex patterns of inheritance by completing Punnett Square Notes C Punnett Square Notes C Fold or draw a margin on the left side of your paper We will take Cornell style notes Topics/terms go in the left column Main notes go to the right Notes Protocol Noise level 0 Raise your hand to question/comment Copy down all bolded ideas Be prepared to answer questions 3

4 5/6/16 Key Concept Phenotype is affected by many different factors Recall 1. How many pairs of sex chromosomes do human cells have? 2. What are the two types of sex chromosomes? 3. What combination makes up males? 4. What combination makes up females? Sex Chromosomes Human cells carry one pair of sex chromosomes We have two types of sex chromosomes: X and Y XX = female XY = male Sex Chromosomes Each sex chromosome can carry genes Sex-linked genes = genes on the X or Y chromosomes The X chromosome carries more genes than the Y chromosome Sons get the X-chromosome from mother Because men only have one X chromosome, those traits are always expressed X-linked traits are ALWAYS expressed in males, but only sometimes in females In women, they must have TWO genes for the trait to show 4

5 5/6/16 Colorblind genes and some baldness genes are found on the X chromosome XBY = male who is colorblind XBX = female who is NOT colorblind XBXB = female who is colorblind Y-linked traits only show in men Sex Chromosomes Thus, males can inherit baldness from their mothers Pair-Share-Respond 1. What are the two types of sex chromosomes? 2. Which pair do females have? 3. Which pair do males have? 4. From which parent do sons inherit their X chromosome from? 5. If a gene is found only in males, what chromosome must it be found on? If some genetic diseases are fatal, how do they get passed on? Unwanted traits get passed on because heterozygotes can still carry recessive traits 5

6 5/6/16 Carrier = heterozygous = has both the normal & unwanted trait (ex/ XHXh) If a normal male XBY is crossed with a female carrier XBXb for baldness, what are the % phenotypes of the offspring? Polygenic Traits Polygenic traits = traits produced by two or more genes Combinations produce a range of phenotypes Example: skin color is the result of four genes Diversity How do we maintain genetic diversity? How do we become unique snowflakes?? How is diversity created? Sexual reproduction creates diversity: 1.Mendel s Law of Independent Assortment 2.Crossing Over During Meiosis 3.Random fertilization 4. Mutations (haven t covered yet) 6

7 5/6/16 Crossing Over Crossing Over = Exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis Pair-Share-Respond 1. What are three ways that sexual reproduction helps create genetic diversity? 2. What states that different traits are inherited independently of each other? 3. When does crossing over occur? 4. What are the five patterns of inheritance we ve learned? CW 1. Punnett Square WS C 2. ToC J 3. Study à UNIT TEST!! Includes meiosis and heredity J 7

8 Do-Now: Sex-Linked Inheritance Review 1. Write today s FLT 2. List one way that sexual reproduction creates diversity 3. Baldness is an X-linked trait. A woman is a carrier of the baldness gene, but is not bald. What is her genotype? 4. Draw the Punnett square if the carrier woman crosses with a normal male X B Y. 5. What % of the offspring will be bald? 6. Turn in your ToC #7 or incomplete assignment form Announcements AP Tes2ng 3/2 3/13 Limited access to media center 15-Week Grades next week J Monday: Inheritance Quiz Thursday/Friday: Gene2cs Test Planner: Monday Inheritance Quiz Thurs/Fri Genetics Test Table of Contents #8 4. Sex-Linked Inheritance Review 5. Baby Lab Standard HS-LS 3-2 Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/ or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors. FLT I will be able to demonstrate the principles of Mendelian genetics and sex determination by completing Baby Lab Baby Lab Find a partner to work with If there is an odd number of people, let me know Each person needs one coin Purpose To demonstrate the principles of Mendelian genetics and sex determination by creating a simulated baby 8

9 Materials Worksheet Coin (one per person) Blank sheet of paper Pre-Lab Questions 1. What pair of sex chromosomes do females have? 2. What pair of sex chromosomes do males have? Step 1 Decide who is going to be the Mom and who is going to be the Dad Write your names under Mom s Name and Dad s Name on the right Step 1 The Mom will flip her coin first. If she gets heads, then the baby gets an X chromosome If she gets tails, then the baby gets an X chromosome Step 1 The Dad will flip his coin next If he gets heads, then the baby gets an X chromosome If he gets tails, then the baby gets an Y chromosome Step 1 Find the word Sex in the data table on the right side of the page Add which allele the baby received from the dad (X or Y) Then record its genotype (XX or XY) Then record its phenotype (boy or girl) 9

10 Step 1 Choose a name for your baby and write it next to Baby s Name Step 2 Find the trait titled Face Shape Step 2 Have the Mom flip the coin first If she gets heads, she is contributing a dominant allele R If she gets tails, she is contributing a recessive allele r Write this down under Allele from Mom Step 2 Have the Dad flip next If he gets heads, he is contributing a dominant allele R If he gets tails, he is contributing a recessive allele r Write this down under Allele from Dad Step 2 Determine the genotype for face shape & write in data table RR Rr rr Step 2 Flip your paper over to determine the phenotype Look at face shape to find out what your baby s phenotype is, then record it on your data table Round or square 10

11 Step 3 Repeat the same procedure for all traits Remember: Heads = dominant or trait 1 Tails = recessive or trait 2 Step 4 For Hair color and Eye color you will need to flip each coin twice (twice for mom, twice for dad) 1 st : Heads = A, tails = a 2 nd : Heads = B, tails = b Step 5 Finally, draw & color your baby (baby, not child or adult) Don t forget to answer the concluding questions CW Finish your Baby Lab (don t forget to add the definitions) Make sure your ToC is turned in Get stamps 11