Introduction to Genetics & DNA {DNA

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Introduction to Genetics & DNA {DNA"

Transcription

1 Introduction to Genetics & DNA {DNA

2

3 What is Heredity? Heredity explains how traits may be passed from parents to offspring.

4 Heredity People have bred plants and animals for thousands of years to get desirable traits. No one understood how traits were transmitted until Gregor Mendel.

5 Chromosomes This is a chromosome. Chromosomes contain hundreds of traits (genes) on each chromosome.

6 Chromosomes Humans have 46 chromosomes in 23 matching (homologous) pairs. One member of each pair came from the mother & one from the father.

7 What is Genetics? Genetics is the study of Heredity. How traits are transmitted in sexually reproducing species. How genetic variations can occur. Why offspring are not exactly like their parents or siblings.

8 What is Genetics? Genetics is not caused by Accidents Microbes Learned traits

9 nherited Traits help with Survival They offer protection from predators OR make an animal a more effective predator Traits include Intelligence Good senses Camouflage Quick speed Herding behaviors Hibernation

10 chromosomes.genes Genes are on The genetic material (chromosomes) is contained in the nucleus of each cell Gametes (sex cells) formed in meiosis contain half the genetic material. This genetic material can then be passed onto offspring.

11 Genes

12 lleles for Genes Separate Alleles: each individual has two alleles for each trait (gene). Mendel s Law of Segregation: during meiosis, the two alleles for each trait separate independently into different gametes (egg or sperm).

13 Gregor Mendel Mendel was a Czechoslovakian monk ( ). He tended the garden at the monastery. Published scientific papers on genetics. Mendel is considered the Father of Genetics.

14 Mendel s Subjects Mendel worked with pea plants that could have ONLY TWO forms of a trait.

15 Mendel s Subjects Mendel ALWAYS started with PUREBRED plants (plants that with the same trait or character that had been bred together for many generations). Mendel bred plants that had two alternate forms (alleles) of the same trait or character. For instance, smooth seeds (S) were crossed with wrinkled seeds (s).

16 Mendel s success Counting the offspring from many crosses. Using mathematics to analyze the trends in his data.

17 Mendel s First Experiment Mendel always started by crossing purebred plants with two alternate characters P 1 x P 2 F 1 P = Parental purebred type & F = Filial generation (offspring) Use a Punnett Square to predict the offspring. x?

18 Punnett Square: P 1 x P 2 F 1 The F 1 offspring ALWAYS had the trait of ONLY ONE parent. W W w w W W w W w W w w W w W w

19 Dominant Traits Dominant traits appear when one dominant allele is present. The trait that appeared in the all of the F 1 (first generation of offspring) was called the Dominant trait. For example: Purple flower x white flower purple flower Green seeds x yellow seeds green seeds Smooth seeds x wrinkled seeds smooth Law of Dominance: the dominant trait (allele or phenotype) always shows whenever it is present. Recessive: the trait (allele or phenotype) that shows when no other trait is present.

20 If all F 1 offspring were alike What happened to the other parent s trait (recessive white flower)?

21 What happened to the other trait? Mendel then crossed all of the F 1 (purple flowered) offspring with each other: F 1 x F 1 F 2 The alternate trait reappeared among the F 2 offspring!

22 Hypothesis: traits are genes After thousands of crosses, scientists came up with the idea of a gene. Not these genes!

23 Pairs of genes: Terminology Alleles for genes (traits) come in pairs PP Homozygous Dominant pp Homozygous Recessive Pp Heterozygous Homozygous: having two of the same alleles Heterozygous: having two different alleles

24 ecessive/dominant Inheritance Affected Individuals

25 Recessive Traits Recessive traits can be carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person. For example, a dark-haired person may have one gene for dark hair, which is a dominant trait, and one gene for light hair, which is recessive. Albinism (a) : the inability to produce pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.

26 Many species can have albinos!

27 ther recessive traits Pinto horses White tigers Horned cattle

28 Dominate Traits A dominant trait is opposed to a recessive trait which is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present. (In genetic terms, a recessive trait is one that is phenotypically expressed only in homozygotes). Homozygous dominant, WW W = White Heterozygous sheep Ww, w = black Sheep will show dominant trait and be white

29 Dominant Traits Polydactyly (P): having more than 5 digits on a limb.

30 Dominant Traits Shortened digits Brachydactyly (B)

31 Dominant Traits Achondroplasia (A - dwarfism) These dwarfs have shortened limbs, but normal heads & torsos. Homozygous dominant fetuses (AA) die early in development.

32 ncomplete Dominance Traits Incomplete dominance happens when each genotype has its own individual phenotype, which causes neither allele to truly dominate the other, either because neither are dominant or because the dominant allele fails to dominate the recessive allele fully.

33 Codominant Traits Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene where each allele is equally dominated

34 Sex-Influenced traits Sex-influenced traits are autosomal traits that are influenced by sex. If a male has one recessive allele, he will show that trait, but it will take two recessive for the female to show that same trait. A sex-influenced trait is controlled by a pair of alleles found on the autosomes. (Not on sex chromosomes)

35 Pattern Baldness is Sex-Influenced The combination of alleles lead to different phenotypic expressions depending on gender.

36 eacock Plumage is Sex-Influenced The plumage of a male peacock is highly decorated and colored, while the plumage of a female peahen is dull by comparison.

37 Sex-Linked Traits If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be a sex-linked trait. Because the gene controlling the trait is located on the sex chromosome, sex linkage is linked to the gender of the individual. Usually such genes are found on the X chromosome.

38 When we talk about genes Phenotype: What your physical appearance shows. Genotype: What your alleles show you.

39

40 What is DNA? DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and contains genetic information. It is found on chromosomes located in the nucleus of our cells.

41 What is DNA? The sides or backbone of the DNA molecule are made up of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules. The rungs that form the middle of the molecule are made up of pairs of nucleotides or nitrogen bases. guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C). The order of the bases determines the genetic code. Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), while

42 What is DNA?

43 How is DNA used as Evidence Each person s DNA is different from other people (except identical twins). DNA collected from a crime scene can either link a suspect to the evidence or eliminate a suspect, similar to the use of fingerprints. DNA can identify a victim through DNA from relatives, even when no body can be found. DNA can link crime scenes together by linking the same perpetrator to different scenes locally, statewide, and across the nation.

44 How is DNA used as Evidence DNA can place an individual at a crime scene, in a home, or in a room where the suspect claimed not to have been. DNA can refute a claim of self-defense and put a weapon in the suspect's hand. It can change a story from an alibi to one of consent.

45 Factors that affect DNA Several factors can affect the DNA left at a crime scene, such as environmental factors (e.g., heat, sunlight, moisture, bacteria, and mold). Therefore, not all DNA evidence will result in a usable DNA profile. Further, DNA testing cannot identify when the suspect was at the crime scene or for how long.

46 CODIS CODIS stands for COmbined DNA Index System, which is an electronic database of DNA profiles that can identify suspects. DNA profiles from individuals convicted of certain crimes, such as rape, murder, and child abuse, are entered into CODIS and help officers identify possible suspects when no prior suspect existed.

47 Did you Know? Each human cell contains three billion DNA base pairs. Our unique DNA amounts to 0.1% or 3 million base pairs.

48 DNA Misconception

49

50 How Does Genetic Info Evolve?

Genetics & Heredity 11/16/2017

Genetics & Heredity 11/16/2017 Genetics & Heredity Biology I Turner College & Career High School 2017 Fertilization is the fusion of an egg and a sperm. Purebred (True breeding plants) are plants that were allowed to selfpollinate and

More information

Genetics & The Work of Mendel. AP Biology

Genetics & The Work of Mendel. AP Biology Genetics & The Work of Mendel Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas u used experimental method u used

More information

Fundamentals of Genetics

Fundamentals of Genetics Fundamentals of Genetics For thousands of years people have known that living things somehow pass on some type of information to their offspring. This was very clear in things that humans selected to breed

More information

Objectives. ! Describe the contributions of Gregor Mendel to the science of genetics. ! Explain the Law of Segregation.

Objectives. ! Describe the contributions of Gregor Mendel to the science of genetics. ! Explain the Law of Segregation. Objectives! Describe the contributions of Gregor Mendel to the science of genetics.! Explain the Law of Segregation.! Explain the Law of Independent Assortment.! Explain the concept of dominance.! Define

More information

Genetics & The Work of Mendel

Genetics & The Work of Mendel Genetics & The Work of Mendel 2006-2007 Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas used experimental method

More information

Gregor Mendel. What is Genetics? the study of heredity

Gregor Mendel. What is Genetics? the study of heredity Gregor Mendel What is Genetics? the study of heredity Gregor Mendel s Peas Pollen: plant s sperm Egg Cells: plants reproductive cells Fertilization: joining of pollen + egg cells develops into embryo in

More information

Introduction to Genetics and Heredity

Introduction to Genetics and Heredity Introduction to Genetics and Heredity Although these dogs have similar characteristics they are each unique! I. Early Ideas About Heredity A. The Theory of Blending Inheritance Each parent contributes

More information

He called these new plants hybrids because they received different genetic information, or different alleles, for a trait from each parent.

He called these new plants hybrids because they received different genetic information, or different alleles, for a trait from each parent. /6/204 in a Garden Each time Mendel studied a trait, he crossed two plants with different expressions of the trait and found that the new plants all looked like one of the two parents. He called these

More information

Chapter 17 Genetics Crosses:

Chapter 17 Genetics Crosses: Chapter 17 Genetics Crosses: 2.5 Genetics Objectives 2.5.6 Genetic Inheritance 2.5.10.H Origin of the Science of genetics 2.5.11 H Law of segregation 2.5.12 H Law of independent assortment 2.5.13.H Dihybrid

More information

Genetics PPT Part 1 Biology-Mrs. Flannery

Genetics PPT Part 1 Biology-Mrs. Flannery Genetics PPT Part Biology-Mrs. Flannery In an Abbey Garden Mendel studied garden peas because they were easy to grow, came in many readily distinguishable varieties, had easily visible traits are easily

More information

Mendelian Genetics. You are who you are due to the interaction of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism.

Mendelian Genetics. You are who you are due to the interaction of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism. Heredity Chapter 3 3:1 Genetics Mendelian Genetics You are who you are due to the interaction of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism. HEREDITY: traits that

More information

Chapter 6 Heredity The Big Idea Heredity is the passing of the instructions for traits from one generation to the next.

Chapter 6 Heredity The Big Idea Heredity is the passing of the instructions for traits from one generation to the next. Chapter 6 Heredity The Big Idea Heredity is the passing of the instructions for traits from one generation to the next. Section 1 Mendel and His Peas Key Concept The work of Gregor Mendel explains the

More information

Mendel explained how a dominant allele can mask the presence of a recessive allele.

Mendel explained how a dominant allele can mask the presence of a recessive allele. Section 2: Mendel explained how a dominant allele can mask the presence of a recessive allele. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What is the significance of Mendel

More information

Biology Unit 7 Genetics 7:1 Genetics

Biology Unit 7 Genetics 7:1 Genetics Biology Unit 7 Genetics 7:1 Genetics Gregor Mendel: Austrian monk Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants His work was not recognized until the 20 th century Between 1856 and 1863, Mendel cultivated

More information

Genetics & The Work of Mendel

Genetics & The Work of Mendel Genetics & The Work of Mendel 2006-2007 Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas used experimental method

More information

Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics DAY 2 Introduction to Genetics Heredity Passing of traits from parents to their young The branch of biology that studies heredity is genetics. Trait Characteristic that is inherited Gregor Mendel Austrian

More information

UNIT 6 GENETICS 12/30/16

UNIT 6 GENETICS 12/30/16 12/30/16 UNIT 6 GENETICS III. Mendel and Heredity (6.3) A. Mendel laid the groundwork for genetics 1. Traits are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited. 2. Genetics is the study of biological

More information

Genetics. The study of heredity. Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel (mid 1800 s) Developed set of laws that explain how heredity works

Genetics. The study of heredity. Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel (mid 1800 s) Developed set of laws that explain how heredity works Genetics The study of heredity Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel (mid 1800 s) Developed set of laws that explain how heredity works Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel original pea plant (input) offspring

More information

GENETICS PREDICTING HEREDITY

GENETICS PREDICTING HEREDITY GENETICS PREDICTING HEREDITY INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS Genetics is the scientific study of heredity Heredity is essentially the study of how traits are passed from parents to their offspring. GREGOR MENDEL

More information

Genetics: field of biology that studies heredity, or the passing of traits from parents to offspring Trait: an inherited characteristic, such as eye

Genetics: field of biology that studies heredity, or the passing of traits from parents to offspring Trait: an inherited characteristic, such as eye Genetics: field of biology that studies heredity, or the passing of traits from parents to offspring Trait: an inherited characteristic, such as eye colour or hair colour Gregor Mendel discovered how traits

More information

Biology 12. Mendelian Genetics

Biology 12. Mendelian Genetics Mendelian Genetics Genetics: the science (study) of heredity that involves the structure and function of genes and the way genes are passed from one generation to the next. Heredity: the passing on of

More information

Unit 5: Genetics Notes

Unit 5: Genetics Notes Unit 5: Genetics Notes https://goo.gl/fgtzef Name: Period: Test Date: Table of Contents Title of Page Page Number Date Warm-ups 3-4 Mendelian Genetics Notes 5-6 Mendelian Genetics Lets Practice 7 Monohybrid

More information

Test Booklet. Subject: SC, Grade: HS Genetics Assessment. Student name:

Test Booklet. Subject: SC, Grade: HS Genetics Assessment. Student name: Test Booklet Subject: SC, Grade: HS Genetics Assessment Student name: Author: Megan Kitchens School: SHAW HIGH SCHOOL Printed: Monday January 30, 2017 1 In fruit flies, the gray body color (G) is dominant

More information

Biology. Chapter 13. Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr. Cengage Learning 2015

Biology. Chapter 13. Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr. Cengage Learning 2015 Biology Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Chapter 13 Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits Cengage Learning 2015 Cengage Learning 2015 After completing today s activities, students should

More information

Genetics and Heredity Notes

Genetics and Heredity Notes Genetics and Heredity Notes I. Introduction A. It was known for 1000s of years that traits were inherited but scientists were unsure about the laws that governed this inheritance. B. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

More information

When Mendel crossed 2 plants that were different in a single trait, he called that a monohybrid cross. The resulting offspring were called the F1

When Mendel crossed 2 plants that were different in a single trait, he called that a monohybrid cross. The resulting offspring were called the F1 Genetics Gregor Mendel The father of Genetics Genetics- the study of heredity Heredity- the passing of characteristics or traits from parents to offspring Mendel chose pea plants to research. Pea plants

More information

Inheritance. What is inheritance? What are genetics? l The genetic characters transmitted from parent to offspring, taken collectively

Inheritance. What is inheritance? What are genetics? l The genetic characters transmitted from parent to offspring, taken collectively Genetics Interest Grabber Look at your classmates. Note how they vary in the shape of the front hairline, the space between the two upper front teeth, and the way in which the ear lobes are attached. Make

More information

You are who you are because of a combination of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism.

You are who you are because of a combination of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism. Unit 6 Genetics 6.1 Genetics You are who you are because of a combination of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism. HEREDITY: traits that are passed from parents

More information

Chapter 10 Notes Patterns of Inheritance, Part 1

Chapter 10 Notes Patterns of Inheritance, Part 1 Chapter 10 Notes Patterns of Inheritance, Part 1 I. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) a. Austrian monk with a scientific background b. Conducted numerous hybridization experiments with the garden pea, Pisum sativum,

More information

Lesson Overview 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel

Lesson Overview 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel THINK ABOUT IT What is an inheritance? Lesson Overview 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel It is something we each receive from our parents a contribution that determines our blood type, the color of our hair,

More information

Unit 7 Section 2 and 3

Unit 7 Section 2 and 3 Unit 7 Section 2 and 3 Evidence 12: Do you think food preferences are passed down from Parents to children, or does the environment play a role? Explain your answer. One of the most important outcomes

More information

Unit B2, B2.7. Cell division and inheritance. Stage 1. Ovary. Cell Q. Cell P. Cell R. Cell S. 7 Embryo A B C

Unit B2, B2.7. Cell division and inheritance. Stage 1. Ovary. Cell Q. Cell P. Cell R. Cell S. 7 Embryo A B C Cell division and inheritance 1. A woman gives birth to triplets. Two of the triplets are boys and the third is a girl. The triplets developed from two egg cells released from the ovary at the same time.

More information

Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics

Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics Genetics and Mendel Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel First person to trace characteristics of living things Augustinian Monk Lived and worked in an Austrian monastery in the mid-1800s Parents

More information

Chapter 11 introduction to genetics 11.1 The work of Gregor mendel

Chapter 11 introduction to genetics 11.1 The work of Gregor mendel Chapter 11 introduction to genetics 11.1 The work of Gregor mendel What is inheritance? Two uses of the word inheritance Things that are passed down through generations Factors we get from our parents

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 31. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 31. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 31 11 3 Exploring Mendelian 11-3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics Genetics 2 of 31 Independent Assortment What is the principle of independent assortment? 3 of 31 Independent Assortment Independent

More information

The Law of Segregation Introduction Today, we know that many of people's characteristics, from hair color to height to risk of diabetes, are

The Law of Segregation Introduction Today, we know that many of people's characteristics, from hair color to height to risk of diabetes, are The Law of Segregation Introduction Today, we know that many of people's characteristics, from hair color to height to risk of diabetes, are influenced by genes. We also know that genes are the way parents

More information

biology Slide 1 of 32

biology Slide 1 of 32 biology 1 of 32 11-1 The Work of Gregor 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel Mendel 2 of 32 Gregor Mendel s Peas Gregor Mendel s Peas Genetics is the scientific study of heredity. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian

More information

Labrador Coat Color Similar to coat color in mice: Black lab is BxEx Yellow lab is xxee Chocolate lab is bbex Probable pathway:

Labrador Coat Color Similar to coat color in mice: Black lab is BxEx Yellow lab is xxee Chocolate lab is bbex Probable pathway: Honors Genetics 1. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) German monk at the Augustine Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno (today in the Czech Republic). He was a gardener, teacher and priest. Mendel conducted experiments

More information

OCTOBER 21 Unit 5 Heredity 1. What is Heredity

OCTOBER 21 Unit 5 Heredity 1. What is Heredity OCTOBER 21 Unit 5 Heredity 1. What is Heredity the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. Agenda 1. Warm-up 2. Mendlian Notes pg 5-6 3. Lets Practice

More information

The Experiments of Gregor Mendel

The Experiments of Gregor Mendel 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel 11.2 Applying Mendel s Principles The Experiments of Gregor Mendel Every living thing (plant or animal, microbe or human being) has a set of characteristics inherited from

More information

UNIT III (Notes) : Genetics : Mendelian. (MHR Biology p ) Traits are distinguishing characteristics that make a unique individual.

UNIT III (Notes) : Genetics : Mendelian. (MHR Biology p ) Traits are distinguishing characteristics that make a unique individual. 1 UNIT III (Notes) : Genetics : endelian. (HR Biology p. 526-543) Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to another. Traits that are passed on are said to be inherited. Genetics is

More information

Patterns of Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance 1 Patterns of Inheritance Bio 103 Lecture Dr. Largen 2 Topics Mendel s Principles Variations on Mendel s Principles Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Genes 3 Experimental

More information

The Work of Gregor Mendel. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview The Work of Gregor Mendel

The Work of Gregor Mendel. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview The Work of Gregor Mendel Lesson Overview 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel GENETICS Genetics: The scientific study of heredity Genetics is the key to understanding what makes each organism unique. THINK ABOUT IT What is an inheritance?

More information

Genetics and heredity. For a long time, general ideas of inheritance were known + =

Genetics and heredity. For a long time, general ideas of inheritance were known + = Mendelian Genetics Genetics and heredity For a long time, general ideas of inheritance were known + = + = What was really lacking was a quantitative understanding of how particular traits were passed down

More information

Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics

Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics 11.1 Gregor Mendel Genetics is the scientific study of heredity How traits are passed from one generation to the next Mendel Austrian monk (1822) Used Pea Plants (crossed

More information

The Work of Gregor Mendel

The Work of Gregor Mendel The Work of Gregor Mendel Transmission of characteristics from is parents to offspring called. heredity The SCIENCE that studies how those characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next

More information

REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS

REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS TEKS 7.14A Define heredity as the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation 7.14B Compare the results of uniform or diverse offspring from sexual

More information

Mendel and Heredity. Chapter 12

Mendel and Heredity. Chapter 12 Mendel and Heredity Chapter 12 12.1 Objectives: 1.) summarize the importance of Mendel s experiments 2.)Differentiate between genes and alleles. 3.) Explain that alleles determine what physical traits

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 31. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 31. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 31 11 3 Exploring Mendelian 11-3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics Genetics 2 of 31 Independent Assortment Independent Assortment To determine if the segregation of one pair of alleles affects

More information

Lecture 13: May 24, 2004

Lecture 13: May 24, 2004 Lecture 13: May 24, 2004 CH14: Mendel and the gene idea *particulate inheritance parents pass on discrete heritable units *gene- unit of inheritance which occupies a specific chromosomal location (locus)

More information

Section 1 MENDEL S LEGACY

Section 1 MENDEL S LEGACY Chapter 9 Genetics Section 1 MENDEL S LEGACY Genetics is the field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring Genetics was founded with the work of

More information

Mendelian Genetics. KEY CONCEPT Mendel s research showed that traits are inherited as discrete units.

Mendelian Genetics. KEY CONCEPT Mendel s research showed that traits are inherited as discrete units. KEY CONCEPT Mendel s research showed that traits are inherited as discrete units. Mendel laid the groundwork for genetics. Traits are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited. Genetics is the

More information

Mendelian Genetics and Beyond Chapter 4 Study Prompts

Mendelian Genetics and Beyond Chapter 4 Study Prompts Mendelian Genetics and Beyond Chapter 4 Study Prompts 1. What is a mode of inheritance? 2. Can you define the following? a. Autosomal dominant b. Autosomal recessive 3. Who was Gregor Mendel? 4. What did

More information

8.1 Genes Are Particulate and Are Inherited According to Mendel s Laws 8.2 Alleles and Genes Interact to Produce Phenotypes 8.3 Genes Are Carried on

8.1 Genes Are Particulate and Are Inherited According to Mendel s Laws 8.2 Alleles and Genes Interact to Produce Phenotypes 8.3 Genes Are Carried on Chapter 8 8.1 Genes Are Particulate and Are Inherited According to Mendel s Laws 8.2 Alleles and Genes Interact to Produce Phenotypes 8.3 Genes Are Carried on Chromosomes 8.4 Prokaryotes Can Exchange Genetic

More information

biology Slide 1 of 32 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

biology Slide 1 of 32 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall biology 1 of 32 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel 2 of 32 Gregor Mendel s Peas Genetics is the scientific study of heredity. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk. His work was important to the understanding

More information

Mendel s Law of Heredity. Page 254

Mendel s Law of Heredity. Page 254 Mendel s Law of Heredity Page 254 Define pollination The transfer of pollen grains from a male reproductive organ to a female reproductive organ in a plant is called pollination. Define cross pollination.

More information

Writing the Rules of Heredity. 23. Genetics I

Writing the Rules of Heredity. 23. Genetics I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Describe the general aspects of Mendel s experimental method, and explain why his work is considered so important. Define the following terms: gene, F 1 generation, F 2 generation,

More information

I. Classical Genetics. 1. What makes these parakeets so varied in color?

I. Classical Genetics. 1. What makes these parakeets so varied in color? 1. Classical Genetics a. Mendel i. Mendel s Laws ii. Advanced Genetic Principles b. Modern Genetics i. Scientists ii. Nucleic Acids DNA/RNA Function iii.replication iv.protein Synthesis v. Mutations (gene

More information

Genes and Inheritance (11-12)

Genes and Inheritance (11-12) Genes and Inheritance (11-12) You are a unique combination of your two parents We all have two copies of each gene (one maternal and one paternal) Gametes produced via meiosis contain only one copy of

More information

Honors Biology Test Chapter 9 - Genetics

Honors Biology Test Chapter 9 - Genetics Honors Biology Test Chapter 9 - Genetics 1. The exceptions to the rule that every chromosome is part of a homologous pair are the a. sex chromosomes. c. linked chromosomes. b. autosomes. d. linked autosomes.

More information

The Work of Gregor Mendel. Guided Reading

The Work of Gregor Mendel. Guided Reading The Work of Gregor Mendel Guided Reading Gregor Mendel 25 min Mendel (pearson) 6 min The Experiments of Gregor Mendel 1. What is Heredity? The delivery of characteristics from parents to offspring 2. What

More information

1/9/2014. Introduction to Genetics. The Work of Gregor Mendel THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL. Some Definitions:

1/9/2014. Introduction to Genetics. The Work of Gregor Mendel THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL. Some Definitions: Introduction to Genetics Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Section 1 THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL The Work of Gregor Mendel Some Definitions: Genetics the study of biological inheritance and variation Chromosomes hereditary

More information

.the science that studies how genes are transmitted from one generation to the next.

.the science that studies how genes are transmitted from one generation to the next. Genetics .the science that studies how genes are transmitted from one generation to the next. The chromosomes are contained in the nucleus of the cell. Genes and Chromosomes Chromosomes are made of: Gene:

More information

Part 2: Heredity and Mendelian Genetics

Part 2: Heredity and Mendelian Genetics Part 2: Heredity and Mendelian Genetics The Genetics of Inheritance Traits. Ex. Earlobes, Dimples, Curved Fingers, Rolling Tongue Inheritance The mechanism that between generations. Genetics The branch

More information

Mendel and Heredity. Chapter 12

Mendel and Heredity. Chapter 12 Mendel and Heredity Chapter 12 Objectives: 1.) Differentiate between genotype and phenotype 2.)Differentiate between genes and alleles. 3.) Differentiate between dominant and recessive alleles. 4.) Explain

More information

Laws of Inheritance. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege

Laws of Inheritance. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The seven characteristics that Mendel evaluated in his pea plants were each expressed as one of two versions, or traits. Mendel deduced from his results that each individual had two

More information

BIOL 109L Laboratory five Fall 2018

BIOL 109L Laboratory five Fall 2018 BIOL 109L Laboratory five Fall 2018 Understanding Genetics and Inheritance Student full name: Introduction: Chromosomes are like a set of books that provide instructions for building and operating an individual.

More information

11.1 The Work of Mendel

11.1 The Work of Mendel 11.1 The Work of Mendel Originally prepared by Kim B. Foglia Revised and adapted by Nhan A. Pham Objectives Describe Mendel s classic garden pea experiment. Summarize Mendel s conclusion about inheritance.

More information

MENDELIAN GENETIC CH Review Activity

MENDELIAN GENETIC CH Review Activity MENDELIAN GENETIC CH. 6.3-6.5 Review Activity Question 1 Who is considered to be the father of genetics? Answer 1 Question 2 Gregor Mendel What part of DNA directs a cell to make a certain protein? 1 Answer

More information

Genetics. *** Reading Packet

Genetics. *** Reading Packet Genetics *** Reading Packet 5.4 Mendel and His Peas Learning Objectives Describe Mendel's first genetics experiments. Introduction Why do you look like your family? For a long time people understood that

More information

Name Period. Keystone Vocabulary: genetics fertilization trait hybrid gene allele Principle of dominance segregation gamete probability

Name Period. Keystone Vocabulary: genetics fertilization trait hybrid gene allele Principle of dominance segregation gamete probability Name Period BIO B2 GENETICS (Chapter 11) You should be able to: 1. Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (dominant, recessive, co- dominant, incomplete dominance, sex- linked, polygenic

More information

Gregor Mendel and Genetics Worksheets

Gregor Mendel and Genetics Worksheets Gregor Mendel and Genetics Worksheets Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. (DWilkin) Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this book,

More information

draw and interpret pedigree charts from data on human single allele and multiple allele inheritance patterns; e.g., hemophilia, blood types

draw and interpret pedigree charts from data on human single allele and multiple allele inheritance patterns; e.g., hemophilia, blood types Specific Outcomes for Knowledge Students will: 30 C2.1k describe the evidence for dominance, segregation and the independent assortment of genes on different chromosomes, as investigated by Mendel 30 C2.2k

More information

Fundamentals of Genetics

Fundamentals of Genetics Fundamentals of Genetics Genetics- the science of heredity. Gregor Johann Mendel- Father of Genetics 5/19/14 mendelian genetics3 1 1. Heredity -the passing of traits from parents to offspring a. Gregor

More information

Genetics Test- Mendel, Probablility and Heredity

Genetics Test- Mendel, Probablility and Heredity Genetics Test- Mendel, Probablility and Heredity Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. In Mendel s experiments, what percentage of the plants

More information

Lesson Overview. The Work of Gregor Mendel. Lesson Overview The Work of Gregor Mendel

Lesson Overview. The Work of Gregor Mendel. Lesson Overview The Work of Gregor Mendel Lesson Overview 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel The Experiments of Gregor Mendel Where does an organism get its unique characteristics? An individual s characteristics are determined by factors that are

More information

NOTES: Exceptions to Mendelian Genetics!

NOTES: Exceptions to Mendelian Genetics! NOTES: 11.3 Exceptions to Mendelian Genetics! Beyond Dominant and Recessive Alleles Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and many traits are controlled by multiple alleles OR multiple genes.

More information

GENETICS NOTES. Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 16

GENETICS NOTES. Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 16 GENETICS NOTES Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 16 DNA contains the genetic code for the production of PROTEINS. A gene is a segment of DNA, which consists of enough bases to code for many different proteins. The

More information

Guided Reading and Study. Definition a. The scientific study of heredity. b. Physical characteristics

Guided Reading and Study. Definition a. The scientific study of heredity. b. Physical characteristics Genetics: The Science of Heredity Mendel's Work Guided Reading and Study This section describes how Gregor Mendel identified the method by which characteristics are passed from parents to their offspring.

More information

Genetics. Genetics. True or False. Genetics Vocabulary. Chapter 5. Objectives. Heredity

Genetics. Genetics. True or False. Genetics Vocabulary. Chapter 5. Objectives. Heredity Genetics True or False Genes are things you wear on your legs. A priest raising peas in his garden was one of the first to discover how genetics works. Plants can be purebred just like dogs. Dominate alleles

More information

Chapter 13: Patterns of Inheritance

Chapter 13: Patterns of Inheritance Chapter 13: Patterns of Inheritance 1 Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Between 1856 and 1863 28,000 pea plants Called the Father of Genetics" 2 Site of Gregor Mendel s experimental garden in the Czech Republic

More information

Unit 1 Review. 3. If the male parent had the following genotypes, what alleles would his gametes (sperm) contain? A. AABB B. AaBb C. aabb D.

Unit 1 Review. 3. If the male parent had the following genotypes, what alleles would his gametes (sperm) contain? A. AABB B. AaBb C. aabb D. Unit 1 Review 1. Define the following terms: a. Genotype b. Phenotype c. Dominant allele d. Recessive allele e. Homozygous f. Heterozygous g. Parental generation h. F1 generation i. Test cross j. Punnett

More information

Name Hour. Section 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (pages )

Name Hour. Section 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (pages ) Name Hour Section 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (pages 263-266) Introduction (page 263) 1. The scientific study of heredity is called. Gregor Mendel's Peas (pages 263-264) 2. Circle the letter of each

More information

Mendelian Genetics Chapter 11

Mendelian Genetics Chapter 11 Mendelian Genetics Chapter 11 Starts on page 308 Roots, Prefixes & Suffixes: homo = hetero = geno = pheno = zyg = co = poly = Section 11-1: Mendel & His Peas I. Vocabulary Words: A. Gene - a small section

More information

3.0 DNA is the Inherited Material Responsible for Variation

3.0 DNA is the Inherited Material Responsible for Variation 2.2 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Homework: p. 29 #1-3 p. 36 #1-6 Create a table that looks like this: Read pages 35-36 and fill in your table. Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Advantages Disadvantages

More information

Patterns of Heredity Genetics

Patterns of Heredity Genetics Patterns of Heredity Genetics DO NOW Hand in outlines (my desk) Pick up tests from back table and review them. We will be going over the zipgrade and the short answer together. Save your questions for

More information

Mendelian Genetics. Gregor Mendel. Father of modern genetics

Mendelian Genetics. Gregor Mendel. Father of modern genetics Mendelian Genetics Gregor Mendel Father of modern genetics Objectives I can compare and contrast mitosis & meiosis. I can properly use the genetic vocabulary presented. I can differentiate and gather data

More information

For a long time, people have observed that offspring look like their parents.

For a long time, people have observed that offspring look like their parents. Chapter 10 For a long time, people have observed that offspring look like their parents. Even before we knew about genes, people were breeding livestock to get certain traits in the offspring. They knew

More information

Notes: Mendelian Genetics

Notes: Mendelian Genetics Notes: Mendelian Genetics Heredity is passing characteristics from one generation to the next. Genetics is the study of heredity. Who was Gregor Mendel? Gregor Mendel is the Father of Modern Genetics.

More information

HEREDITY = The passing of traits from parents to offspring. Transmitted by means of information stored in molecules of DNA.

HEREDITY = The passing of traits from parents to offspring. Transmitted by means of information stored in molecules of DNA. HEREDITY = The passing of traits from parents to offspring. Transmitted by means of information stored in molecules of DNA. GENEITCS =Scientific study of heredity Based on knowledge that traits are transmitted

More information

Mendelian Genetics. Biology 3201 Unit 3

Mendelian Genetics. Biology 3201 Unit 3 Mendelian Genetics Biology 3201 Unit 3 Recall: Terms Genetics is a branch of biology dealing with the principles of variation and inheritance in animals and plants. Heredity the passing of traits from

More information

B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics

B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics The Chromosome theory of inheritance is a basic principle in biology that states genes

More information

Chapter 1 Heredity. Prepared by: GOAD s Team

Chapter 1 Heredity. Prepared by: GOAD s Team Chapter 1 Heredity Prepared by: GOAD s Team IMPORTANT VOCABULARY WORDS Traits Character Genes Allele Genotype homozygote heterozygote Dominant recessive phenotype WHAT IS HEREDITY? HEREDITY - is a passing

More information

Patterns of Heredity - Genetics - Sections: 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, & 11.3

Patterns of Heredity - Genetics - Sections: 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, & 11.3 Patterns of Heredity - Genetics - Sections: 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, & 11.3 Genetics = the study of heredity by which traits are passed from parents to offspring Page. 227 Heredity = The passing of genes/traits

More information

5.5 Genes and patterns of inheritance

5.5 Genes and patterns of inheritance 5.5 Genes and patterns of inheritance Mendel s laws of Inheritance: 1 st Law = The law of segregation of factors states that when any individual produces gametes, the alleles separate, so that each gamete

More information

Mendelian Genetics: Patterns of Inheritance

Mendelian Genetics: Patterns of Inheritance Mendelian Genetics: Patterns of Inheritance A Bit on Gregor Mendel Born to a poor farming family in what is now part of Czech Republic Attended Augustinian monastery (1843) Became an excellent teacher

More information

DNA Review??? gene???

DNA Review??? gene??? DNA Review??? gene??? Human Chromosomes Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes; 46 all together Females have 23 matched pairs; males have 22 matched and one unmatched pair Gregor Mendel Born in 1822, Austria

More information

11-1: Introduction to Genetics

11-1: Introduction to Genetics 11-1: Introduction to Genetics The Work of Gregor Mendel Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Genetics Vocabulary Genetics The study of heredity. Heredity The passing of physical characteristics from parents

More information

Patterns of Inheritance. { Unit 3

Patterns of Inheritance. { Unit 3 Patterns of Inheritance { Unit 3 Austrian monk, gardener, scientist First acknowledged to study heredity the passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring Traits characteristics that are inherited

More information