Genetics Test Review
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1 Name: Period: Heterozygous a genotype with 2 different alleles ex:(a) Homozygous a genotype with 2 of the same alleles ex:(, or aa) Dominant lleles that are expressed more often and can cover up another allele (CPITL letters) ecessive lleles that are expressed rarely and can e hidden or covered up y a dominant allele (lowercase letter) Meiosis process that forms gametes (sex cells) Mitosis cell division or division of the nucleus Haploid half the numer of chromosomes as there are in ody cells (humans is 23) Genetics Test eview Important vocaulary: Diploid doule the numer of chromosomes as there are in gametes (humans is 46) Gamete reproductive cell (males= sperm females=eggs) Somatic Cell ody cells or any cell other than gametes Heredity the passing of genes from parent to offspring Genotypes The cominations of alleles the organism inherits ex:(, aa, a) Phenotypes The expression (physical appearance) of an organisms genotype ex:(rown eyes) llele form of a trait represented y a letter (Ex: lue (), rown () eyes) Trait distinguishing characteristic of an organism (Ex: eye color) Offspring children of two parents Co-Dominance traits do not lend, ut oth show up. (Think checkeroard) Incomplete Dominance neither trait completely dominates the other, so they lend together Sex-Linked traits that are carried on the X chromosome Multiple lleles, traits have more than one allele. Ex(lood type,, or O) Protein Synthesis & Mutations 1. Lael the diagram elow: 2. hat is the amino acid sequence for the following mn strand? U G U C C G U Met-Ser-rg-STOP 3. ill changing the last codon in the previous prolem to UG change the protein?
2 No, ecause UG still codes for a STOP codon. The protein will e made normally. 4. hat type of mutation is pictured elow? Normal DN: T T C G G C C Mutated DN: T T C C G C C This is a point mutation ecause only one single nucleotide was changed. Meiosis 5. hat process produces gametes? Meiosis 6. hat are the results of meiosis? 4 haploid cells (23 chromosomes for humans instead of 46) 7. If the ody cells of an elephant have 50 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in the gametes?25 Haploid numer 25 Diploid numer Crossing over leads to an increase in genetic variation (differences). 9. This diagram shows a diploid cell with two pair of homologous chromosomes. Due to independent assortment, what is the possile genetic make-up of gametes produced y this organism? ST, St, st, st Genetics 10. List 4 examples of traits you inherited from your parents a. lood type. eye color c. hair color d skin tone 11. Using the letter write the following genotypes Homozygous dominant Homozygous recessive Heterozygous 12. hat is it called when one trait completely disappears in the offspring? Example: lack cat and white cat mate and all the offspring are lack. Dominance 13. In cocker spaniels the allele for a lack coat color () is dominant over the allele for a rown coat color (). If a homozygous lack cocker spaniel is crossed with a heterozygous lack cocker spaniel, what are the expected genotypes and phenotypes? Homozygous lack Genotype= Heterozygous lack Genotype=
3 14. ed colored hair () is co-dominant to white hair () in cattle. n offspring that inherits the genotype is called roan. hat will e the expected genotypes and phenotypes if a roan cow is crossed with a white cow? 15. Sickle cell disease is caused y recessive alleles. One parent has sickle cell and the other parent does not have any sickle cell alleles. hat is the chance that the couple will have a child with sickle cell? (H - Healthy h - ffected with sickle cell) h H H H H H 0% Chance they would have a child with sickle cell. 16. Use the tale elow. List all the phenotypes of the offspring if the parents are O x O Genotype lood Type O O OO O O
4 Phenotypes: 1 Type : 1 Type : 1 Type : 1 Type O 17. In pea plants red flowers () are incompletely dominant to white flowers (). hat are the expected genotypes and phenotypes if you crossed a red flowered plant with a white flowered plant? 100% and 100% Pink. 18. Give the phenotypes for the following genotypes T = dominant allele for height, tall plant P = dominant allele for color, purple t = recessive allele for height, short plant p = recessive allele for color, white TtPp: Tall and purple ttpp: Short and purple TTPP: Tall and purple ttpp: Short and white 19. hat percentage of the offspring from f x f cross would e expected to e heterozygous for oth traits? 4:16 or 1:4 f f 20. emale sex chromosomes: XX Male sex chromosomes: XY 21. Sex-linked genes are found on the chromosomes, typically the chromosome. Sex, X
5 22. re males or females more affected y sex-linked genes, and why? Males are more likely to e affected y sex-linked genes ecause they typically occur on the X chromosome. Since males only receive one X chromosome they stand a higher chance of only receiving a recessive allele.
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