LEVELS OF CHOLESTEROL IN BLOOD SERUM AND GONADS IN RELATION TO MATURATION IN ETROPLUS SURATENSIS (BLOCK)
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1 241 LEVELS OF CHOLESTEROL IN BLOOD SERUM AND GONADS IN RELATION TO MATURATION IN ETROPLUS SURATENSIS (BLOCK) A. D. DlWAN AND L. KRISHNAN Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cchin ABSTRACT The value f serum chlesterl in male and female Etrplus suratensis, shwing fiuctations in relatkm t maturity, was highest when OSI value was minimal and lwest when OSI was maximum. The gnad-chlesterl cntent in male shwed higjt prfile when GSI was lw and lwest value was seen when GSI was maximum. In the female the recrded value f gnad chlesterl thugh high was nt highest when GSI was lwest. The chlesterl being the precursr fr the synthesis f sterids, which in turn influencing the maturatin phenmena, ur study was aimed at finding ut the chdesterl level in bld and gnads f males and females f the pearl spt, Etrplus suratensis, during different maturity stages. Mc Cartney (1966) had studied the influence f age and sex n ttal serum chlesterl levels in the brwn trut. In maturing female Salm trutta an increase in the free chlesterl in the bld had been bserved by Felinska (1972). Jayashree and Srinivasachar (1979) had fund the testicular chlesterl being in relatin t maturatin in the freshwater fish Clarius batrachus. Specimens f E. suratensis f different lengths, ranging between mm, were cllected frm the Cchin backwaters at mnthly intervals fr a perid f ne year (April 1983 t March 1984). In each mnth 8-10 specimens were utilized fr the experimental wrk. The specimens were brught t
2 242 NOTES the labratry in live cnditin and were kept in tubs cntaining aerated brackish water until use. Fr chlesterl estimatin the bld was drawn frm the drsal arta f each unanaesthetized fish thrugh the gill aperature by a heparinized syringe. The bld samples were immediately centrifuged (at 3000 rpm) t get the serum. The bld serum thus btained was subjected t chlesterl analysis. After remval f bld, the fishes were sacrificed t take ut the gnads. The gnads were weighed and, by the methd f Yuen (1955), the relative weight, r gnadsmatic index (GSI), was calculated. Chlesterl was estimated by Hestrin's methd (1949), using extra pure chlesterl as the standard. Based n the gnadsmatic index, and aided by cc^ur, shape and size f the gnad, fur maturity stages, including the fully ripe, were determined. As spawned animals were nt bserved in the cllected samples, this stage has nt been included in the classificatin. Stage I (Immature): Ovary very thin and translucent, slightly pinkish, ccupying less than half f the bdy cavity. GSI value varied between t Testis very thin, extending half f the bdy cavity. GSI varied between t Stage II (Maturing Virgin): Ovary ccupying half f the bdy cavity, light yellwish. GSI varied between 0.20 t Testis extending mre than half f bdy cavity, dull-white in clur. GSI varied between t Stage III (Ripening): Ovary ccupying three-furth r mre f the bdy cavity, yellwish, egg mass appeared paque. GSI varied between 1.16 t Testis extended three-furth f the bdy cavity, whitish in clur. GSI varied between t Stage IV (Ripe): Ovary ccupying the entire bdy cavity, deep yellwish brwn. Mst f the egg mass appeared t be transparent and lse. GSI varied between 2.16 t Testis extending the full length f the bdy cavity, very sft and creamy whhe, uter margin irregular, GSI varied between t The results btained are illustrated in figure 1. Frm this it may be seen that the chlesterl cntents in general fluctuated in relatin t different stages f maturity in bth males and females. The value f serum chlesterl in males was highest when the GSI value was minimal and lwest when the GSI value was maximum. The chlesterl cntent in the gnads als shwed a similar trend, the value highest when the GSI was minimal and the value lwest when the GSI was maximum. The chlesterl cntent in the bld serum in the females shwed a trend similar t that in the males, except that slight
3 NOTES 243 MALE O O GONAD 10 BLOOD H 9 -J UJ g*?"^ eonaoo-somatic INDEX Q < Z w 3 CO O'l 05 I'O 1-5 2'0 GONADO-SOMATIC INDEX 2-5 FIG. 1. Bld-serum chlesterl in relatin t GSI in suratensis. increase in the value was nticed during the third stage f maturity. The level f chlestrl in gnad f female fish was nt the highest, even thugh it shwed higher values when the GSI was lwest. The lwest chlesterl cntent was bserved when the GSI value was maximum. Hence, in general, bth bld-serum and gnad chlesterl cntents shwed higher values when the GSI was lwest, i.e. during the early phase f maturatin; and the values were lwest in the late phases f maturatin when GSI was highest. The cyclical changes in the levels f gnad chlesterl may be due t gnadal activity prir t and during the breeding seasn. The activity and maintenance f the gnducts during the elabrate prcess f maturatin has been shwn t depend upn the accumulatin f sterids like estrgen and andrgen respectively in male and female fish, Heterpneustes fssilis (Nayyar and Sundararaj, 1970). It is assumed that the increase in the weight f gnad (GSI) is related t the accumulatin f sterid levels. This level decreases sn after the act f spawning (Jayashree and Srinivasachar 1979). If this cncept is acceptable, then the crrespnding increase r decrease in the precursrs f sterids during diiferent stages f maturatin culd be expected. The results btained in the present study are highly indicative f such a change. A number
4 244 NOTES f wrkers have described the rle f chlesterl being a precursr fr steridgenesis (Krum et al 1964; Majr etlal 1967; Sandr 1979). Chlesterl is present in the steridgenic glands and the trpins are knwn t affect the tissue cncentratin f this sterl in the target rgans (Sayers et al 1944; Levin and Jailer 1948). In the present investigatin, the lwest levels f chlesterl in the gnads f bth males and females was bserved when GSI was maximum. This perhaps may allw us t presume that the available precursr stres have been utilized fr synthesis f sterids as per the cncept mentined abve. Jayashree and Srinivasachar (1979), while wrking n the catfish Clarius batrachus, bserved the lwest chlesterl levels in testicular tissue during the phase f functinal matiurity and highest level during the phase f slw spermigenesis (early preparatry perid). The results btained in the present wrk are identical t the bservatin f Jayashree and Srinivasachar (1979). Our results are in cnfrmity als with the findings f Idler and Tsuyuki (1958) and Mc Cartney (1967) that during the spawning time (when the GSI is expected t be maximum) the serum chlesterl level was reduced significantly in bth male and female fish. In the present investigatin the presence f the highest prfile f serum chdesterl level during I stage f maturatin perid and high prfile in III stage might be due t the redistributin f chlesterl frm ther tissues t the early maturing gnads. The reasn fr the unusual fall in the chlesterl level in bld serum and gnad during 11 stage f maturity remains bscure and needs further t be studied. Dannevig and Nrums (1982) had bserved high levels f chlesterl in immature Salm alpinus with decreasing levels during the maturatin perid. Cntrary t the bservatin in the males,' in females, in spite f a higher value f gnad chlesterl in I stage, the highest value f chlesterl was bserved during III stage and the value drpped t the lwest level in the IV stage. Frm the figure it is bserved that in male als the value fr testis chlesterl level increased slightly in III stage cmpared t II. This increase is significant in the case f the female. The prbable explanatin is that the higher chlesterl reserves in the maturing gnad (i.e. Stage III) may be the precursr stre reserves which wuld be utilized during the stage f functinal maturity, i.e., the last phase f maturatin (Stage IV). The lwest value f gnad chlesterl in stage IV crrbrates ur explanatin. This increase in value f the gnad chlesterl in stage III bth in males and in females f E. suratensis finds a cnsiderable similarity t the bservatin f Lewander et al (1974), wh had described the presence f high levels f chlesterl bth in the maturing gnads and in the bld plasma f silver eels ready fr migratin.. During spawning the sarum chlesterl levels were bserved t be; reduqed significantly in bth male and female fish.
5 NOTES 245 We express ur sincere thanks t Dr. E. G. Silas, frmer Directr fr prviding necessary facilities in the present wrk. We are grateful t Dr. P. V. Ra, Head, PNP Divisin, fr critically ging thrugh the manuscript. REFERENCES DANNEVIG, B. H. AND K. R. NORUM Cmp. Bichem. Physil. 73: FELINSKA, S Acta Icthylgica et piscatria 2(2): HESTRIN, S /. Bil. Chem. 180: 249. IDLER, D. R. AND H. TSUVUKI Can. J. Bichem. Physil. 36: JAYASHREE, R. AND H. R. SRINIVASACHAR Prc. Indian. Natn. Sci. Acad : KuRUM, A. A., M. D. MORRIS AND L. L. BENNETT Endcrinlgy 74: 543. LEVIN, L. AND J. W. JAILER Endcrinlgy 43: LEWANDER, K., G. DAVE, M. L. JOHNSSON-SJOBECK, A. LARRSSON AND U. LIDMAN Cmp. Bichem. Physil. 47: MAJOR, P. W., D. T. ARMSTRONG AND R. O. CREEP Endcrinlgy 81: 19. Mc CARTNB, T. H Fish. Res. Bull. 29: Mc CARTNEY, T. H Fish. Res. Bull. 30; NAYYAR, S. K. AND B. I. SUNDARARAJ Mrph. 130: SANDOR, G., M. A. SAYERS, E. G. FRY, A. WHITE AND C. N. H, LONG Yale J. Bil. Med. 16: YUEN, H. S. H Spec. Sci. Rep. US Pish Wild Serv. 150: 30.
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