Past Questions on Plant Reproduction

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Emerald Bryan
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1 Past Questions on Plant Reproduction Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D in figure 1 State one function for each A and B. Figure 1 Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D,E and F in figure 2 What is the function of A? Give two ways in which A may be adapted for this function. Figure 2 What forms in F after pollination and fertilization? In which labelled part is pollen produced? What is pollination? Some flowers have nectaries. How are these flowers pollinated? Explain your answer. Give two ways in which pollen may be transported to another flower. Name a plant pollinated by each method. Name A and B in figure 3 Where is pollen produced, in A or in B? To which part of a flower is pollen carried? What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination? Figure 3 Suggest why cross-pollination is preferable to self-pollination.

Figure 4 shows a vertical section through a carpel. Name A, B, C, D, E. What happens to the two nuclei labelled D? In the case of B and E state what may happen to each of them after fertilisation.

2 Figure 4 shows a vertical section through a carpel. Name A, B, C, D, E. What happens to the two nuclei labelled D? In the case of B and E state what may happen to each of them after fertilisation. Figure 4 Complete the diagram by drawing a pollen tube that has completed its growth. Label the nuclei in the pollen tube. Name the nuclei labelled B and D in figure 5 Which of the nuclei A, B, C, D is/are not involved in the process of fertilisation? Figure 5 Which of the nuclei A, B, C, D will, as a result of fertilisation, become the zygote nucleus of the new plant? Name the structure labelled X. Following fertilisation what does an ovule become? What will form from the structures labelled Y State a role for each of the following: petal, sepal, anther, stigma, ovary. Explain fertilisation. The two male gametes in the pollen tube are derived from the generative nucleus. Do these gametes form as a result of mitosis or meiosis? Explain your answer. Describe the fate of each of the male gametes. State one method that is used to produce seedless fruits.

3 Give three characteristics in each case of; 1. an insect-pollinated flower, 2. a wind-pollinated flower. What process follows pollination in the life cycle of a flowering plant? Describe the development of pollen grains from microspore mother cells. Where does fertilisation occur in the flower? From what structure in the carpel does the seed develop? State two locations in the seed where food may be stored. The embryo plant within the seed has a number of parts. List two of these parts, apart from food stores, and give a role for each of them. Following dispersal, the seed undergoes a period of dormancy. What is dormancy? Suggest two advantages of dormancy. Distinguish between integument and testa Give a brief account of the process of fertilisation in flowering plants. After fertilisation which part of the flower becomes the fruit? What is the embryo? What is the growth of an embryo into a plant called? What are the conditions needed for germination? What is meant by germination? What term is used to describe a seeds period of inactivity?

4 Which part of the embryo in a germinating seed gives rise to the root and the shoot. Suggest one way in which a knowledge of dormancy is useful to farmers and gardeners. Describe the effect of water, oxygen and suitable temperature on the process of germination. Explain the term dispersal Give two advantages of dispersal to the plant. Name two methods of dispersal. _ How are blackberries dispersed? How are sycamore dispersed? Name a plant in which the leaves are modified for food storage Name a carbohydrate that you would expect to find in the leaves of the plant named above Name a type of modified stem that functions in food storage Give one example of vegetative propagation and state whether it involves a stem, a root, a leaf or a bud. Artificial propagation is widely used in horticulture. Give two examples of artificial propagation. Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of artificial propagation. Name 2 methods of artificially propagating plants. What is meant by vegetative propagation? Clones are genetically identical individuals. Are the products of vegetative propagation clones? Explain your answer. Give two differences between vegetative propagation and propagation involving seeds. State a location in the seed where food is stored. Name the carbohydrate stored there

5 Put the following words in their correct order: germination seed and fruit formation growth fertilisation dispersal pollination Distinguish between tubers and bulbs Name an investigation in which you used starch agar and the precise purpose for its use in the investigation that you have indicated. Name an investigation in which you used Alkaline pyrogallol or anaerobic jar and the precise purpose for its use in the investigation that you have indicated Answer the following questions in relation to practical work you carried out to investigate digestive activity in germinating seeds. Name a plant that provides suitable seeds for this investigation. What is meant by the term digestion? Why is digestion necessary in a germinating seed? What is an agar plate? What extra food material is added to the agar plate to show digestive activity during germination? Outline the procedures that you carried out in setting up this demonstration. The seeds were divided into two batches. One batch was used untreated. How did you treat the other batch of seeds before using them in the investigation? Explain why you treated the second batch of seeds in this way.

6 What control did you use for this demonstration? What procedure did you carry out in order to show that digestive activity had taken place? Describe the results that you obtained in the experimental plate and the control plate. Answer the following questions about an investigation that you carried out on the effect of water, oxygen and temperature on germination. Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that you used. What seeds did you use? Explain how you set up a control for the investigation. How did you deprive some of the seeds of oxygen? How did you ensure that some of the seeds were deprived of a suitable temperature for germination? State the results of the investigation, including those of the control.

IGCSE BIOLOGY 0610 SCHEME OF WORK 1

IGCSE BIOLOGY 0610 SCHEME OF WORK 1 UNIT 6: Reproduction in plants Recommended Prior Knowledge: A basic knowledge of cell structure will be helpful, but otherwise the Unit requires very little previous