Human Anatomy and Physiology CLS 224. Reem Alkhamis 3 rd floor/ office # 113
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1 Human Anatomy and Physiology CLS 224 Reem Alkhamis 3 rd floor/ office # 113
2 Lecture 1: The Human Body (an orienta=on) 1. An overview of anatomy and physiology 2. Levels of structural organizahon 3. The language of anatomy
3 1. An overview of anatomy and physiology Anatomy: Is the study of the body structure and its parts. Gross Anatomy: studying large, easily observed structures. Microscopic Anatomy: Studying very small structures that can only be viewed with a microscope. Physiology: Is the Study of how the body and its parts work.
4 The Rela=onship between anatomy and physiology: Topics of anatomy and physiology are always related. The physiology, or funchon, of a parhcular body part is dependent upon its structure.
5 1. An overview of anatomy and Objec=ves: physiology Define anatomy and physiology. Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
6 2. Levels of structural organiza=on From atoms to organism
7 exmple
8
9 Body Systems overview 1. Integumentary system: Organ - Skin. FuncHon - Protects internal body structures from injury. - Regulate body temperature. - Synthesize vitamin D.
10 2. Skeletal system: Organ - Bones, CarHlages, joints. FuncHon - Supports and protects body organs. - Provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. - Blood formahon. - Store minerals.
11 3. Muscular system: Organ - Skeletal muscles. FuncHon - Only one funchon (to contract) Causing movement to occur. - Maintenance of posture. - ProducHon of body heat.
12 4. Nervous system: Organ - Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors. FuncHon - Fast achng control system of the body. - Responsible for "higher funchons" such as thought and reasoning.
13 5. Organ - Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, testes. FuncHon - Gland produces hormones that regulates : Growth ReproducHon Metabolism
14 6. Cardiovascular system: Organs - Heart blood vessels, blood. FuncHon - BV: TransportaHon of materials (O2, nutrients, hormones etc) to and from the cells. - Heart: pumps blood.
15 7. Respiratory system: Organ - nasal cavity, Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. FuncHon - Carries out gas exchange through Hny air sacs in lungs. - Keeps blood supplied with O2 - CO2 removal.
16 8. Diges=ve system: Organ - Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small inteshne, large inteshne, and rectum, liver &pancreas. FuncHon - Break down food into absorbable units that enter the blood. - Eliminates undigested food as feces.
17 9. Urinary system Organ - kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra. FuncHon - Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body (urea& uric acid). - maintain water and electrolyte balance. - Regulate the acid- base balance of the blood.
18 10. Lympha=c system: Organ - LymphaHc vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils. FuncHon - Complements circulatory system by returning fluid that leaked from the blood back to blood vessels. - House cells Involved in immunity.
19 11. Reproduc=ve system: Organs - Male: Seminal vesicles, prostate, penis, vas deferens, teshs, scrotum. - Female: ovary, uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes. FuncHons - To produce offspring, - Male testes produces sperm and male sex hormones. - Female ovary produce eggs (ova) & female sex hormones.
20 2. Levels of structural organiza=on Objec=ves: Name the levels of structural organizahon that make up the human body and explain how they are related. Name the body system, and briefly state the major funchons of each system. Name the organs that the body system is composed of and idenhfy them on a diagram.
21 3. The language of anatomy Anatomical posi=on: The body is erect, Feet are parallel, Arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward.
22
23 Between ribs & pelvis
24 Direc=onal terms:
25
26
27 Body planes and sec=ons: Body planes are imaginary lines used to divide the body into sechons. There are three types of planes: 1) SagiZal divides the body into right and lec parts - MidsagiZal or, medial sagidal plane that lies on the midline. 2) Frontal or coronal divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. 3) Transverse or cross sec=on divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
28
29 Body Cavi=es: Spaces within the body which contain vital organs.
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31 Abdominal Regions and Quadrants Anatomists o]en divide the body cavity into smaller regions for study Abdominal regions divides abdomen into nine regions. Abdominal quadrants divides abdomen into four quadrants.
32
33 Abdominal Quadrants
34 3.The language of anatomy Objec=ves: Verbally describe the anatomical posihon. Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body direchons, surfaces and planes. Name the major body cavihes and list the chief organs in each cavity.
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