Mrs. Fanek Asexual/Sexual Reproduction Date

Transcription

1 Name Period Mrs. Fanek Asexual/Sexual Reproduction Date 1. An organism that reproduces asexually will have offspring that have A) the same as both of its parents B) different from either of its parents C) the same genes as its parent D) different genes from its parent 2. The diagram below represents a form of cellular reproduction. 7. Melanoma is a type of cancer in which abnormal skin cells divide uncontrollably. Some chemotherapy drugs, which stop the growth of the cancer, directly interfere with the process of A) meiosis B) coordination C) mitosis D) recombination 8. The following events occur during sexual reproduction: A. mitosis B. meiosis C. fertilization D. birth Which sequence represents the correct order of these events during sexual reproduction? A) A C B D B) B C A D C) C B A D D) B A C D 9. Some cells involved in the process of reproduction are represented in the diagram below As a result of this process, offspring 1 and offspring 2 will have A) the same number of genes but different traits B) a different number of genes but the same traits C) the same number of genes and the same traits D) a different number of genes and different traits 3. The paramecium is a single-celled organism that reproduces asexually. The offspring of a paramecium usually contain A) only half of the genes of the parent cells B) more DNA than the parent cell C) genetic material identical to that of the parent cell D) fewer mutations than the parent cell 4. When an organism reproduces asexually, it usually has A) only one parent, and half as much DNA as the parent B) only one parent, and the same chromosome number as the parent C) two parents, and twice as much DNA as either parent D) two parents, and the same chromosome number as each parent 5. Which process allows a mammal to continue to grow in size? A) mitosis of sex cells B) mitosis of body cells C) meiosis of sex cells D) meiosis of body cells 6. Nicotine is only one of the many toxic chemicals inhaled while smoking. What effect can such toxic chemicals have on the body? A) They stimulate an increase in height. B) They stimulate uncontrolled cell division. C) They eliminate carbon dioxide from cells. D) They eliminate chromosomes from many cells. The process of meiosis formed A) cell 1, only B) cells 1 and 2 C) cell 3, only D) cells 2 and Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) A dogfish shark contains 24 chromosomes in each of its muscle cells. How many chromosomes are normally found in each of its sex cells? A) 6 B) 12 C) 24 D) A human cell that contains all of the information necessary for the growth and development of a complete organism is A) a sperm cell B) a gamete C) a zygote D) an egg cell

2 13.Which diagram correctly represents a step in the normal process of human reproduction? A) B) C) D) 14. Which cell is normally produced as a direct result of meiosis? A) a uterine cell having half the normal species number of chromosomes B) an egg having the full species number of chromosomes C) a zygote having the full species number of chromosomes D) a sperm having half the normal species number of chromosomes 15. Compared to a normal body cell, a normal egg cell contains A) the same number of chromosomes B) half the number of chromosomes C) twice the number of chromosomes D) four times the number of chromosomes 16. A significant difference between the effects of the genetic information passed on from asexually reproducing parents to their offspring and sexually reproducing parents to their offspring is the A) degree of modification of the size of chromosomes B) types of DNA subunits C) number of chromosomes in the body cells of the offspring D) amount of variation between the parents and the offspring 17. Which sequence best represents sexual reproduction? A) mitosis gametes zygote fertilization B) gametes meiosis mitosis fertilization C) fertilization gametes meiosis zygote D) meiosis gametes fertilization zygote 18. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that each contain A) from one parent B) from two parents C) less than either parent D) a unique combination of 19. After a zygote is formed, specialization of cells occurs. Through which process do the cells of a zygote become specialized? A) sexual reproduction B) meiosis C) fertilization D) differentiation 20. Part of a process necessary for reproduction in complex organisms is represented below. Step C results in the production of A) four zygotes that will develop into embryos B) embryonic cells that could unite and develop into an organism C) four cells that will recombine to form two offspring D) gametes that could be involved in the formation of a zygote 21. Which mutation in a fruit fly could be passed on to its offspring? A) a mutation in a cell of an eye that changes the color of the eye B) a mutation in a leg cell that causes the leg to be shorter C) a mutation in a sperm cell that changes the shape of the wing D) a mutation in a cell of the digestive tract that produces a different enzyme

3 Base your answers to questions 22 and 23 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents the reproductive cycle of a squirrel species with 40 chromosomes in each zygote. 22. A liver cell in this species of squirrel would have A) 20 chromosomes B) 40 chromosomes C) 60 chromosomes D) 80 chromosomes 23. A process that could be represented by A is A) fertilization B) meiosis C) mitosis D) mutation 24. Which population in the chart below has the best chance for survival in a rapidly changing environment? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) Two cellular events that normally occur during two processes are represented below. Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the processes in which these events occur? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

4 26. The diagrams below illustrate types of asexual reproduction. Which statement correctly describes the offspring? A) They vary genetically from the parent. B) They are produced by the union of gametes. C) They obtain nourishment from a placenta. D) They result without the union of gametes 27. In sexually reproducing organisms, mutations can be inherited if they occur in A) the egg, only B) the sperm, only C) any body cell of either the mother or the father D) either the egg or the sperm 28. Which expression correctly represents a reproductive process that usually occurs in humans where 2n is equal to the number of chromosomes in each body cell? A) B) C) D) 29. Sexual reproduction in a species usually results in A) an increase in the chromosome number in the offspring B) offspring genetically identical to the parent C) recombination of genes D) a decrease in biodiversity 30. The diagram below represents reproduction in a yeast cell. The genes in the bud are identical to the genes in the parent. This type of production of offspring is a form of A) sexual reproduction B) asexual reproduction C) gene manipulation D) genetic engineering

5 31. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. All organisms need to reproduce for the continuation of their species. Discuss the process of reproduction in humans. State one way the nucleus of a sex cell is different from the nucleus of a body cell. Base your answers to questions 32 and 33 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram below represents some stages in the life cycle of humans. The numbers in the diagram represent various processes in the cycle. 32. State how processes 1 and 2 affect the amount of provided by a parent to its offspring. 33. State how process 3 affects the amount of on offspring receives. Base your answers to questions 34 and 35 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Smokers are passing down problems to future generations. Men who smoke and drink alcohol could be endangering the health of their future children and grandchildren. Toxic chemicals in cigarettes and alcohol are thought to cause changes in the DNA, which are passed down via the sperm to future generations. Source: Associate Newspapers Ltd., Mail Online Health, Fiona Macrae, February 9, 2008 Explain how smoking and drinking alcohol by males can affect the development of an embryo. 34. Identify the term used to describe a change in DNA 35. State why changes that take place in a sperm cell can affect an embryo. Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. 36. Identify the type of building block represented by the letters A, B, and C. 37. If the sequence of building blocks were changed, what effect could it most likely have on the protein?

6 38. Write the structures listed below in order from least complex to most complex. organ cell organism organelle tissue

7 Answer Key Asexual reproduction C 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. It has half the normal chromosome number/half of the genes. Sex cells are haploid/monoploid. 23 chromosomes in sex cells, 46 in body cells. 32. These processes reduce the amount of from each parent by half. Each parent only contributes half of the genetic information that is contained in his or her own cells. Each egg (or each sperm) will carry only half of the contained in the parent's body cells. 33. This process ensures that offspring will have all the needed. Fertilization restores the full number of chromosomes characteristic of the species. When the sperm and egg combine, the zygote will contain a full set of chromosomes. 34. mutation 35. Reproductive cells can pass on traits. Mutations that occur in sex cells can be passed on to offspring. The sperm cell contributes half of the for the embryo. The sperm and egg combine to form an embryo. 36. amino acids or peptides 37. The shape of the protein could change. The function of the protein could be different. It might form a different protein. 38. organelle cell tissue organ organism