The table to the right shows ALL possible alleles for several traits in pea plants. (Please use it to help you answer #1-6 below.)

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1 QUIZ: MENDEL S LAWS & PUNNETT SQUARES NAME: PERIOD: DATE: MENDEL S LAWS The table to the right shows ALL possible alleles for several traits in pea plants. (Please use it to help you answer #1-6 below.) Flower Color Purple (P) White (p) Stem Length Tall (T) Short (t) Pod Color Green (G) Yellow (g) Pod Texture Inflated (I) Constricted (i) 1. Based on the table above: a. Which trait is represented by the letter I? b. How many genes are involved in that trait? c. How many alleles are involved in that trait? 2. Please identify ALL possible genotypes for the following traits: a. Homozygous for short stems: b. Heterozygous for a tall plant with green pods: c. Inflated, yellow pods: d. Purebred for purple flowers and hybrid for tallness: 3. An individual who carries both a G and a g will have a phenotype because. 4. The diagram to the left shows Mendel s experiment with flower color in pea plants. Please fill in the genotype of EACH flower in the diagram. 5. Which of the following did Mendel conclude from this experiment? (Circle ALL that apply.) a. Pea plants must be diploid b. Each parent passes exactly 1 allele for each gene to an offspring c. If an offspring is heterozygous for a trait, both alleles for that trait will be visible in its phenotype d. An allele can be passed from grandparent (P) to grandchild (F2), without being carried by the parent (F1). e. Each of a parent s alleles for a trait is passed to offspring about 50% of the time 6. In Mendel s next experiment, he crossed two plants that had green, inflated pods. Both were GgIi for these traits. He concluded that the gametes produced by each plant were: a. Gg, Ii because of the law of segregation b. Gg, Ii because of the law of independent assortment c. GI, gi because of the law of segregation d. GI, gi because of the law of independent assortment e. GI, Gi, gi, gi because of the law of segregation f. GI, Gi, gi, gi because of the law of independent assortment

2 PUNNETT SQUARES The table to the right shows all possible alleles for several traits in SpongeBob s species. (Please use it to help you answer #7-9 below.) SpongeBob has a yellow, square body with round eyes and a long nose. He is heterozygous for all of his traits. SpongeSusie has a blue body. She has a square body shape, but carries an allele for round body shape. She is heterozygous for round eyes. She has a long nose, like her father, but her mother did not. 7. What are their genotypes? SpongeBob: Sponge Susie: 8. SpongeBob and SpongeSusie decide to have kids. They ask you to help them understand that the chances are that their kids will have round eyes. Please answer their questions below about this trait. Support your answers with a Punnett Square. a. What is the probability (as a percentage) that their first baby will have round eyes? b. If they have 12 kids, how many of them would you expect to have oval eyes? 9. Patrick and Patti Starfish have many children. 50% of the children have thick eyebrows and 50% have thin. If thick eyebrows (T) are dominant to thin eyebrows (t), what is the most likely genotype of each parent? Support your answer with a Punnett Square. a. Parent 1: b. Parent 2: 10. SpongeSusie really hopes to have a child whose body is both round AND blue. a. What is the probability (as a fraction) of this occurring? b. Please support your answer with a Punnett Square:

3 QUIZ: PEDIGREES NAME: PEDIGREE 1: PERIOD: DATE: 1. What is the relationship between individual A & B? B A C 2. What is the relationship between individual A & C? 3. What is the relationship between individual A & D? D E 4. Which of the following individuals are affected by the trait being tracked? (Circle ALL affected.) A B C D E PEDIGREE 2: 5. The trait shown in the pedigree 2 is best described as: a. Dominant b. Recessive c. Sex-Linked d. Color Blindness 6. The individual who best supports this is: a. I-1, because he s male b. I-1, because he has an unaffected daughter c. II -5, because he has an affected parent d. II -5 because he has an affected child e. IV-1, because he has no affected siblings f. IV 1, because he has no affected parents

4 PEDIGREE 3: 7. Use the letters A and/or a to represent the trait shown on Pedigree 3. Write the genotype for each individual: A. B. C. D. 8. If D s parents had another child, what is the probability that it will be affected by the trait? (Please show all of your thinking!) PEDIGREE 4: 9. Vickie was a carrier for hemophilia, a recessive sex-linked disorder that is carried on the X chromosome. She married a normal man, Albert, and they had several children. Her son, Leo, had hemophilia. He married a normal (non-carrier) woman and had 2 kids first, a daughter, Alice, and then a son. Alice married a normal man and had 3 kids a daughter and then 2 sons. Please draw a pedigree for this family. 10. What is the probability that Alice s daughter had hemophilia? (Please show all of your thinking!) 11. What is the probability that Alice s first son had hemophilia? (Please show all of your thinking!)

5 QUIZ: MEIOSIS NAME: PERIOD: DATE: 1. For each organism below, please draw a diagram that shows the gametes that will be produced through meiosis. Human (chromosome number = 23, diploid) Kangaroos (chromosome number = 8, diploid) Number of gametes = Number of sets of chromosomes = Number chromosomes in a set = Strawberries (chromosome number = 7, octaploid) Number of gametes = Number of sets of chromosomes = Number chromosomes in a set = Banana (chromosome number = 10, triploid) Number of gametes = Number of sets of chromosomes = Number chromosomes in a set = Number of gametes = Number of sets of chromosomes = Number chromosomes in a set =

6 2. Please circle TRUE or FALSE for each statement below: If meiosis is successful, 4 gametes are produced from 1 parent cell TRUE FALSE If meiosis is successful, the gametes will always be haploid. TRUE FALSE If meiosis is successful, the gametes will always contain 1 set of chromosomes. TRUE FALSE If meiosis is successful, the gametes will always contain ½ of a set of chromosomes. TRUE FALSE 3. You obtain healthy egg cells from three DIFFERENT house cats. Which of the following is true? (Circle ALL that apply.) a. Each egg cell would contain the same amount of DNA b. Each egg cell would contain the same number of chromosomes c. Each egg cell would contain the same genes d. Each egg cell would contain the same alleles e. None of the above because the egg cells are from different individuals f. None of the above because the egg cells are from different species 4. During which of the following phases of meiosis are there opportunities to increase the genetic diversity of the gametes? (Circle ALL that apply.) a. DNA replicating during S phase (assume there are no mutations) b. Crossing-over during prophase 1 c. Chromosome pairs lining up double-file during metaphase 1 d. Chromosome pairs lining up single-file during metaphase 2 e. Two nuclei forming during telophase f. The cell dividing during cytokinesis 5. This is a karyotype for a normal human, Bob. It will help you answer the questions below. a) We know that Gene A is carried on chromosome #3 and Gene B is carried on chromosome #10. Bob is heterozygous for both genes. Please draw the alleles for each gene on his karyotype. b) The possible combinations of alleles in his sperm cells are: c) What would the possible combinations of alleles in his sperm cells be IF Gene A and Gene B were BOTH carried on chromosome #10? OR

7 QUIZ: COMPLEX INHERITANCE NAME: PERIOD: DATE: CO- & INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE = MULT. ALLELES & POLYGENIC TRAITS = 1) For each trait described below, please CIRCLE if it is: codominant, incompletely dominant, mendelian, polygenic, sex-linked, and/or has multiple alleles. (Hint: Circle ALL that apply.) a. Fur color in calico cats: There is 1 gene that decides what the fur color will be in a cat, and there are 2 possible alleles for this gene black (B) and orange (O). This gene is carried on the X chromosome, which is why calico (multi-colored) cats are always female. (The males are either solid black or solid orange). CODOMINANT INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT MENDELIAN POLYGENIC MULTIPLE ALLELES SEX LINKED b. Blood type in humans: Humans have 4 possible blood types: Type A, Type B, Type AB and Type O. These types are made from different combinations of the alleles A, B and O. If you have the A and B allele, you will get both A and B proteins on your blood cells. The gene for blood type is carried on chromosome #9. CODOMINANT INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT MENDELIAN POLYGENIC MULTIPLE ALLELES SEX LINKED c. Color of Rabbits: In rabbits, there is one gene that controls whether or not they produce brown pigment (color) for their fur. When bred, white rabbits and brown rabbits produce tan rabbits. This is because the tan rabbit is producing some brown pigment, but not as much as a rabbit who is homozygous for the brown pigment. CODOMINANT INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT MENDELIAN POLYGENIC MULTIPLE ALLELES SEX LINKED a. Snagletooth Monsters: Snagletooth Monsters can have crazy fur colors. Their fur color is controlled by 2 genes one on chromosome #11 and the other on chromosome #12. There are 5 possible alleles for each gene: Red (R), Green (G), Yellow (Y), Blue (B) and Purple (P). The resulting fur color is a mix of all of the alleles. For example, a monster that has GG on chromosome #11 and RY on chromosome #12 will have multicolored fur that is green, red and yellow. CODOMINANT INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT MENDELIAN POLYGENIC MULTIPLE ALLELES SEX LINKED 2) In Andalusian Fowls, black birds and white birds are both homozygous. A homozygous black bird is crossed with a homozygous white bird. The offspring are all gray. a. What type of trait is this? b. What are the genotypes of the parents: c. What are the genotypes of the offspring? d. Show a Punnett Square that explains this cross: 3) In Christmas Parrots, red birds and green birds are both homozygous. A homozygous red parrot is crossed with a homozygous green parrot. The offspring are all green & red. a. What type of trait is this? b. What are the genotypes of the parents: c. What are the genotypes of the offspring? d. Show a Punnett Square that explains this cross:

8 4) Two flower breeders, Ann & Andy, are arguing over the best way to grow pink carnations. Ann wants to cross red flowers with white flowers. Andy wants to cross pink flowers with other pink flowers. a. If flower color in carnations is incompletely dominant, which flower breeder is correct? b. Please explain why. (Please show Punnett squares to support your answer!) 5) The gene that controls blood types is on chromosome #9. Edward has Type AB blood & Bella has Type O blood. a. What would Edward s karyotype look like? b. What would Bella s karyotype look like? c. What are their children s possible genotypes for blood type? d. What are their children s possible blood types? 6) Jasper and Alice have a son, Junior. If Jasper has Type B blood and his son, Junior, has type AB blood, what could Alice s genotype(s) for blood type be? (Please show a Punnett square(s) to support your answer.) 7) The BEST explanation for why polygenic traits tend to have so much variety is: a. Scientists do not understand them as well because they are complicated. b. There are many genes involved in creating 1 trait. c. There are more than two alleles carried on each chromosome. d. The genes contain many mutations. e. The genes are passed through many generations. f. Humans have been evolving for millions of years. 8) Can a trait be both polygenic and have multiple alleles? Explain.

9 QUIZ: INTERACTION BETWEEN GENES & ENVIORNMENTAL FACTORS NAME: PERIOD: DATE: 1. Both of David s parents are very tall, however he is not. When his mother was pregnant with him, she smoked heavily. After David was born, he developed a serious kidney infection that persisted for several months, but he eventually recovered. Throughout his childhood, his parents made sure he had healthy meals and lots of exercise every day. However, when he went off to college, he had pizza and soda for most meals. Which of the following are environmental factors that likely affected his height? (Please circle ALL that are correct.) a. The genes for height that he received from her parents b. His mother s smoking during pregnancy c. The kidney infection he experienced as a child d. The healthy food her received throughout his young life e. The poor nutrition he had as a college student 2.Please list an example of a disease that is controlled only by genetic factors, a disease that is controlled only by environmental factors, and a disease that is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors: a. ONLY genetic factors: b. ONLY environmental factors: c. BOTH genetic & environmental factors: 3.These graphs represent the number of individuals who express different phenotypes for two different traits. Please use them to answer the questions below. Trait A Trait B a. Which trait shows a discrete distribution of phenotypes? b. Which trait is more likely to be multifactorial? c. Which trait is more likely to be purely genetic? d. How many phenotypes are possible for Trait B?

10 4. A graph representing the frequency of phenotypes for blood type would look like the following: a. a line graph with a bell curve (like the Trait A graph above) b. a line graph, but not a bell curve c. a bar graph with 2 bars (like the Trait B graph above) d. a bar graph with 3 bars e. a bar graph with 4 bars 5. For EACH pair, please circle the one likely to have more variety in phenotype: A polygenic trait with multiple alleles A polygenic trait A trait that is polygenic and not multifactorial vs vs vs A polygenic trait without multiple alleles A trait controlled by 1 gene with multiple alleles A trait that is polygenic and multifactorial 6. Erica and Sandra are identical twin sisters who grew up together in a comfortable, happy household. Erica studied fitness and nutrition and went on to become a professional Yoga instructor. Sandra graduated from law school and took a high-stress job at a big law firm in Denver. Sandra didn t always have time to cook healthy meals or exercise. When she was 50, Sandra suffered from a heart attack due to underlying heart disease. Does Erica need to worry that she, too, may develop heart disease? (Circle ALL that are correct.) a. Yes, if heart disease is a purely genetic disease b. No, if heart disease is a purely genetic disease c. Yes, if heart disease is a purely environmental disease d. No, if heart disease is a purely environmental disease e. Maybe, if heart disease is a multifactorial disease 7. A later study looked at many sets of identical twins like Erica and Sandra. It found that a person is 25% more likely to suffer from alcoholism, if their identical twin also suffers from alcoholism, as compared to other pairs of non-twin siblings. The best conclusion you can draw from this data is:

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