Genetics Practice Test

Transcription

1 Name: ate: 1. Which genetic concept was proposed by Mendel?. chromosome nondisjunction. independent assortment. multiple alleles. sex linkage 4. Mendel s discovery that characteristics are inherited due to the transmission of hereditary factors resulted from his. careful microscopic examinations of genes and chromosomes. dissections to determine how fertilization occurs in pea plants. breeding experiments with many generations of fruit flies. analysis of the offspring produced from many pea plant crosses 2. Pairs of genes that control the same trait are known as. alleles. gametes. hybrids. loci 5. In humans there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. One pair of the 23 are sex chromosomes. The other 22 pairs are known as. autosomes. homozygotes. heterozygotes. centrosomes 3. Knowledge of the structure of N is important in the study of life because N. stores food. transmits genetic information. transmits chemical energy. stores enzymes 6. The basic principles of genetics were established in the 19th century by. Francis rick. harles arwin. Jean Lamarck. Gregor Mendel page 1

2 7. Mendel developed his basic principles of heredity by 10. Homologous pairs of chromosomes are restored as a result of. microscopic study of chromosomes and genes. breeding experiments with drosophila. gametogenesis. fertilization. germination. differentiation. mathematical analysis of the offspring of pea plants. ultracentrifugation studies of cell organelles 11. The diagram shown represents a pair of homologous autosomes. The letters and b represents genes for a certain trait. These letters also represent 8. Traits that are controlled by genes found on an X-chromosome are said to be. autosomal dominant. autosomal recessive. codominant. sex-linked. an allelic pair of genes. linked genes. genes for sex determination. homozygous genes 9. While working with pea plants, Gregor Mendel observed that some tall plants had yellow seeds while other tall plants had green seeds. This observation is best explained by. nondisjunction of chromosomes. linkage of genes. independent assortment. intermediate inheritance 12. Which concept is not associated with the work of Gregor Mendel?. dominance. use and disuse. independent assortment. segregation page 2

3 13. Which statement describes the work of Gregor Mendel?. He developed some basic principles of heredity without having knowledge of chromosomes.. He explained the principle of dominance on the basis of the gene-chromosome theory.. He developed the microscope for the study of genes in pea plants.. He used his knowledge of gene mutations to help explain the appearance of new traits in organisms. 15. Which method was used by Gregor Mendel to develop the principles of dominance and segregation?. mathematical analysis of pea plant crosses. microscopic study of pea plant chromosomes. study of mutagenic agents affecting pea plants. chemical analysis of pea plant N 16. mother with type blood and a father with type blood have four children, each with a different blood type. The best explanation for the occurrence of the four different blood types of the children is that blood type is. only determined by dominant alleles 14. Scientific investigation of human genetics has been limited because. humans have a long life cycle and few offspring. determined by multiple alleles. influenced by environmental conditions. a sex-linked trait. the principles of genetics do not appear to apply to humans. genetic counseling has not been applied to humans. environmental factors limit the number of mutations in humans 17. In humans, the gene for polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) is dominant over the gene for the normal number of digits. If parents who are both homozygous dominant for polydactyly have four children, how many of these children would most likely have extra fingers or toes? page 3

4 18. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the pedigree chart below, which shows a history of ear lobe shape, and on your knowledge of biology. 20. When the bacterium Serratia marcescens is grown on a sterile culture medium in a petri dish at 30, the bacterial colonies are cream colored. When this same bacterium is cultured under identical conditions, except at a temperature of 25, the colonies are brick red. This difference in color is most likely due to the. type of nutrients in the culture medium The genotype of individual 1 could be. EE, only. Ee, only. ee. EE or Ee. sterilization of the culture medium. effect of temperature on the expression of the gene for color. effect of colony size on the synthesis of color pigments 21. Genes are inherited, but their expressions can be modified by the environment. This statement explains why 19. The genotype of individual 2 could be. EE, only. Ee, only. ee. EE or Ee. some animals have dark fur only when the temperature is within a certain range. offspring produced by means of sexual reproduction look exactly like their parents. identical twins who grow up in different homes have the same characteristics. animals can be cloned, but plants cannot page 4

5 22. t warm temperatures, a certain bread mold can often be seen growing on bread as a dark-colored mass. The same bread mold growing on bread in a cooler environment is red in color. Which statement most accurately describes why this change in the color of the bread mold occurs?. Gene expression can be modified by inter actions with the environment.. Every organism has a different set of coded instructions.. The N was altered in response to an environmental condition.. There is no replication of genetic material in the cooler environment. 24. s male children get older, some begin to closely resemble their fathers and have no resemblance to their mothers. Which statement best explains this observation?. Several sperm fertilized the egg, so the fertilized egg contained more genes from their father.. More genes are inherited from the sperm cell of their father than from the egg cell of their mother, so most traits will be like those of their father.. More genes from their father are expressed in traits that can be seen, and more genes from their mother are expressed in traits that cannot be seen, such as blood type or enzyme function.. Genes from their father are stronger than genes from their mother, so the genes from their mother are not expressed. 23. human liver cell and a human skin cell in the same person have the same genetic sequences. However, these cells are different because the liver cell. has more dominant traits than the skin cell. can reproduce but the skin cell cannot. carries out respiration but the skin cell does not 25. Sexually produced offspring often resemble, but are not identical to, either of their parents. Explain why they resemble their parents but are not identical to either parent.. uses different genes than the skin cell page 5

6 26. Many years ago, a scientist grew pea plants that produced wrinkled peas. The peas from these plants produced new plants that also produced wrinkled peas. The scientist concluded that something in the parent plants was being transmitted to the next generation. This discovery is now known as 29. The fruit fly represented in the diagram below has unusual, curled wings that formed after exposure to radiation.. genetic engineering. biological evolution. heredity. natural selection In order for the fly to pass this trait on to its offspring, a change had to occur in. the blood cells of the fly. the gametes of the fly 27. Which factor has the greatest influence on the development of new, inheritable characteristics?. all the body cells of the fly. the muscles of the fly. combinations of genes resulting from mitosis. mutations of genes in reproductive cells. sorting of genes during asexual reproduction. recombining of genes during differentiation 30. The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is known as 28. rothers and sisters often have similar facial characteristics, such as nose shape or eye color, because they. differentiation. heredity. immunity. evolution. are raised in similar environments. eat similar types of foods. have similar types of proteins. use similar types of facial care products page 6

7 Problem-ttic format version c Educide Software Licensed for use by drienne rouch Terms of Use at 03/07/ Offspring receive only half their genes (or N or chromosomes or genetic information) from each parent. OR They receive some genes from each parent