Dragon Genetics. Essential Question How does Mendelian genetics explain the variation of expressed traits within a population?

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1 Dragon Genetics Introduction The simplest form of genetic inheritance for a single involves receiving one piece of genetic information (one allele) from the mother and one piece of genetic information (one allele) from the father. Sometimes the information from the mom and dad is identical, and times it is not. The resulting combination of alleles is referred to as a ; the physical expression of the that is coded for is referred to as the. Using a tool called a Punnett square, you can predict the likelihood that an offspring will inherit a certain allele combination ( ) and therefore predict the likelihood that they will express certain s in their physical appearance ( /percentage). Essential Question How does Mendelian genetics explain the variation of expressed s within a population? Pre lab Watch the short video and answer the questions below in your science notebook. 1. What is fertilization? 2. What happens to the chromos of the egg and sperm during fertilization? 3. What would happen (genetically) if the egg in the video had chosen a different sperm? Materials (Per Student Group of 2) 1 3 Plastic egg of one color (egg) with 4 pink chromos inside. (numbered) 1 2 Plastic egg of one color (sperm) with 4 blue chromos inside. (numbered) 1 Glue Stick or tape 2 coins per pair Extra paper Colored Pencils Scissors Copy of lab procedure, student data sheet, and copy of dragon cut outs Procedure Part I: First Genen 1. Each student will receive a dragon egg with a number. Students should pair up making sure egg numbers match. 2. Each egg and sperm contains four numbered chromos. Find chromo #1 from the mother and the father. Pair these 2 chromos together to see the combined genetic code for chromo #1. All four chromos in the egg should be pink and the four chromos in the sperm should be blue. 3. Using the corresponding chromo, necessary office supplies, and the dragon key, create a baby dragon. Be sure to put your group s name on the back of your dragon. You are welcome to name your dragon and color the background of your paper if time permits. 4. After completing the baby dragon, place the four pink chromos back into the egg and the four blue chromos back into the sperm. Part II: Second Genen Page 1 of 7

2 1. Your teacher will display the male dragons created during part I in the classroom. Pairs who created female dragons in Part I will be allowed to choose a male partner for their female dragon. The creators of the two dragons will now be a new group of four, yet will remain in their original pairs. 2. Each pair within the group will create a new offspring (resulting in two siblings) from alleles inherited from the first genen dragons. 3. You will first predict the and s and percentage for each (both pairs within the group will follow these steps for their own offspring) 4. Transfer the s from Table I for each for both the Mother and Father dragon into Table II. a. On a separate sheet of paper, use a Punnett square to determine the possible allele combinations for your baby dragon. Record the, and percentages on columns 3 5 on Table II. b. Check your answers with the other pair in your group for accuracy 5. Make baby dragons a. Each pair will create their own offspring (resulting in two siblings) b. One member of the pair will flip a coin for the mother dragon, and the other member of the pair will flip a coin for the father dragon to determine the allele that is passed down to the offspring. Heads = first written allele; Tails = second written allele. (For example: If the mothers alleles for a are Tt, heads = T and tails = t) c. Record the resulting for the baby dragon on column 6 in Table II. d. Record the resulting for the baby dragon on column 7 in Table II. e. Indicate if the that was most likely to be passed down (based on percentages) was expressed in the resulting offspring in column 8 of Table II. DRAGON KEY (In most cases, upper case letters represent dominant alleles; lower case letters represent recessive alleles). N = LONG NECK E = RED EYE n = short neck e = white eye H = HORN PRESENT L = LONG TAIL h = horn absent Body scales GG = green body JJ = grey body GJ = both green and grey scales S = SPIKES ON END OF TAIL s = no spikes on end of tail T = THREE TOES t = four toes B = BLACK TAIL SPIKES b = red tail spikes Ear frills XY Q = ear frills XX=no ear frills l = short tail Fire breathing X F X F, X F X f, X f X F =fire breathing X F Y F, X F Yf, X f Y F =fire breathing X f Y f, X f Y f = not fire breathing Wings RR = red wings Rr=orange wings r r= yellow wings W = YELLOW BELLY w = white belly K = FRECKLES k = no freckles Sex XY = male XX = female Page 2 of 7

3 STUDENT DATA SHEET DRAGON GENETICS Name Partner s Name Date Data Table 1 Chromo 1 Homozygous / Neck Length Eye Color Horn? Spikes? Chromo 2 Homozygous / Tail Length Body Color Color of Wings Number of toes Chromo 3 Homozygous / Belly Color Color of Spikes Freckles Chromo 4 Homozygous / Fire Breathing Ear Frills Part I Analysis Questions 1. Which (s) are sex linked? What does sex linked mean? 2. Which exhibits codominance? Looking at the resulting of a heterozygous allele pair for this, what do you think the term codominance means? Page 3 of 7

4 3. Which exhibits incomplete dominance? Looking at the resulting of a heterozygous allele pair for this, what do you think the term incomplete dominance means? Data Table II: 2 nd genen Pair II members & Chromo Pair # 1 Babies possible Ex: Height Tt Tt 1:2:1 TT:Tt:tt Neck length Babies possible 3:1 Tall:short Babies possible 75 tall 25 short Tall Tt Tall Yes expressed? Eye Color Horn? Spikes? Chromo Pair # 2 Tail length expressed? Body scales color Color of wings # of toes Page 4 of 7

5 Chromo Pair # 3 Belly color expressed? Color of spikes Freckles Chromo Pair # 4 Fire Breathing? Ear Frills? expressed? Part II Analysis Questions 1. How does flipping the coin and selecting an allele based on which side lands up follow Mendel s Law of Segregation? 2. How does flipping for alleles of each individually illustrate Mendel s law of Independent Assortment? 3. How many of the 14 s does your 2 nd Genen Baby Dragon have in common with its Mother? Father? 4. How many s does your 2 nd Genen Baby Dragon have that neither parent showed? Which ones? 5. How is it possible that your 2 nd Genen Baby Dragon shows s that neither parent showed? Page 5 of 7

6 6. How many of the 14 s does your 2 nd Genen Baby Dragon have in common with its sibling? 7. Would your baby dragon and its sibling be considered twins? Why or why not? 8. How does Mendelian genetics explain the variation of expressed s within a population? 9. Phenotypic s are influenced by environment as well as. Propose an environmental factor and a that it may influence and explain how this environmental factor may affect the as the baby dragon grows. 10. Which male dragons were selected for breeding first? Last? If a male dragon has s that are considered unattractive or undesirable to a female dragon, and the male dragon cannot find a mate, what might eventually happen to that undesired over several genens of dragons? Page 6 of 7

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