EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics [126663]

Transcription

1 EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics [126663] Student Class Date 1. A particular peach tree produces peaches that are more resistant to disease than other peaches. What method would reproduce these EXACT peaches? A. use bees to pollinate the flowers B. reproduce by cross-pollination of different peach trees C. increase the diversity in the peach tree D. ensure that the peach tree reproduces asexually 2. Onions can reproduce from bulbs. One parent bulb generates daughter bulbs with duplicate genetic information. Which is the most likely advantage of this kind of reproduction? A. Population size remains constant. B. Beneficial mutations are inevitable. C. Genetic variation is maximized. D. Large quantities of individuals can be produced rapidly. 3. A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant A. resulted from sexual reproduction. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 1/28

2 B. resulted from asexual reproduction. C. will develop many seeds. D. will have large leaves. 4. In dogs, black fur (B) is dominant over blond fur (b). The following is a Punnett square showing the possible outcome of a cross between a dog that is heterozygous (Bb) for fur color and a dog that is homozygous recessive (bb) for fur color. Part A: Explain what a genotype is and give an example of a genotype from this cross. Part B: Explain what a phenotype is and give an example of a phenotype from this cross. 5. Results from a simple heredity investigation can be displayed as a Punnett square, as a ratio, or as a fraction. All three methods can be used because EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 2/28

3 A. three results are possible from a simple hereditary investigation. B. three generations of offspring can be produced in a simple hereditary investigation. C. all three methods can be used to show a different variation in the results. D. all three methods can be used to show the same information. 6. Which phrase does not describe asexual reproduction in organisms? A. requires two parents B. little variation in offspring C. only one type of cell involved D. duplicates its genetic material 7. Which function is accomplished by the formation of a haploid cell in sexually reproducing organisms? A. production of a zygote with a complete set of chromosomes with genetic material from two parents B. production of offspring with identical chromosomal combinations from both parents C. elimination of genes that selection pressures are acting against D. deletion of genetic material that has mutated EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 3/28

4 8. Some fungi can reproduce either asexually or sexually, resulting in offspring with different characteristics. Sexually produced offspring have A. a complex level of cell organization. B. a number of organelles in each cell. C. a lesser risk of having mutations than asexually produced offspring. D. a combination of genetic material from each parent cell. 9. Organisms that reproduce asexually generally have offspring that are A. unicellular. B. multicellular. C. genetically varied. D. genetically identical. 10. Which is a characteristic of asexual reproduction? A. Half of the offspring have learned traits similar to the parents. B. All of the learned traits pass from parents to offspring. C. All of the inherited traits are the same as the parents. D. Half of the inherited traits come from two parents. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 4/28

5 11. In Holstein cattle, solid-colored coats are dominant over spotted coats. A solid-coat male is crossed with a spotted-coat female. Some of the offspring are born with spotted coats and some with solid coats. Part A Determine the genotype of the male parent and explain your answer. Part B Demonstrate your answer for Part 1 using a Punnett square. Use the letter H to describe the dominant gene. 12. The law of segregation predicts which phenomenon during gamete formation? A. Two dominant alleles placed adjacently in the parent s genome will pass on to different gametes. B. Dominant alleles will be passed on to gametes slightly more than half of the time. C. When both recessive and dominant alleles for a trait are present in the parent, both will be passed on to the same gamete. D. A single random allele from each pair of parent alleles will be passed on to the gamete. 13. When an egg and sperm form an embryo, the offspring that is formed will have genetic traits that are A. inherited from only one parent. B. created by the environment. C. passed on from two parents. D. learned from siblings. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 5/28

6 14. Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material? A. transcription B. replication C. crossing over D. spindle formation 15. A diagram of a homologous pair of rabbit chromosomes is shown. Homologous pairs of chromosomes code for the same traits and look alike. In which cell is there is an absence of homologous chromosomes? A. bone B. gamete EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 6/28

7 C. liver D. skin 16. An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it does not require fertilization. What advantage do the offspring of sexual reproduction most likely have as a result of fertilization? A. The DNA variation in offspring may allow survival in a changing environment. B. The DNA of the offspring is the same as the parent. C. The offspring must use energy to find a mate. D. The offspring are identical. 17. In one breed of dog, short hair is the dominant allele (H) while long hair is the recessive allele (h). If both parents have short hair and the offspring has long hair, which statement best describes the genetic characteristics of the offspring? A. The offspring received mutated genes from both parents. B. The offspring received one recessive allele from each parent. C. The offspring received one dominant allele from each parent. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 7/28

8 D. The offspring received a dominant and recessive allele from both parents. 18. Which of the following describes asexual reproduction? A. the process of meiosis in a fruit fly B. fertilization of a chicken egg C. binary fission in an amoeba D. the process of embryo development in a mouse 19. Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction? A. budding B. regeneration C. pollination D. fragmentation 20. Potatoes reproduce by growing sprouts on their surfaces as shown. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 8/28

9 When planted, these sprouts grow into new plants. This is an example of A. seed production. B. fertilization. C. pollination. D. asexual reproduction. 21. A red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (WW) and produces plants with pink flowers (RW). If two pink flowered plants are crossed, what color offspring could be produced? A. red, white, and pink B. red and white C. pink and red D. pink and white 22. Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction? EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 9/28

10 A. binary fission B. budding C. fusing gametes D. fragmentation 23. In a population of cats, the gene for long hair (H) is dominant and the gene for short hair (h) is recessive. A breeder crosses a heterozygous long-haired male with a homozygous short-haired female. In a litter of four kittens, what percentage should the breeder expect to have long hair? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100% 24. Many invertebrate animals, such as the hydra, reproduce asexually. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 10/28

11 What form of reproduction in this stage of the life cycle of the hydra is shown in the diagram? A. fission B. budding C. fragmentation D. meiosis 25. A human body cell has 46 chromosomes. Which diagram represents mitosis in a human body cell? A. B. C. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 11/28

12 D. 26. A parent cell includes the alleles B and b for a trait. When the cell divides, each daughter cell inherits one allele. What does this process indicate about the organism from which the parent cell originated? A. it is a female B. it is unicellular C. it reproduces sexually D. it is genetically diverse 27. Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes. Which best describes what can only occur after meiosis? A. Parent cells can be either haploid or diploid. B. Products of cell division result in identical genotypes. C. Four daughter cells are produced by a single parent cell. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 12/28

13 D. The number of chromosomes per nucleus remains the same after division. 28. In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from A. sperm. B. seeds. C. pollen. D. eggs. 29. Potatoes can reproduce asexually. Each sprout on a parent potato can grow into a new potato plant. How does the genetic material in the sprout compare to the parent potato? A. The sprout has a random genetic assortment. B. The sprout has twice the genetic material of the parent potato. C. The parent potato has twice the genetic material of the sprout. D. Both the sprout and the parent potato have the same genetic identity. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 13/28

14 30. A snapdragon plant with red flowers (RR) is crossed with a snapdragon plant with white flowers (WW). Snapdragon flowers show incomplete dominance. A punnet square of the cross is shown below. If the cross produces four offspring, how many of each color flower would likely be produced? A. four red flowers B. four pink flowers C. two red flowers and two pink flowers D. two white flowers and two pink flowers 31. The Punnett square shows the cross between cabbage butterflies. B = white and b = yellow. Why are all the offspring white? A. Both parent butterflies were dominant for white color. B. Only one parent butterfly carried recessive yellow traits. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 14/28

15 C. Only one parent carried dominant and recessive color genes. D. Both parent butterflies carried recessive genes for yellow color. 32. When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring A. will be genetically identical to the parent plant. B. will be better able to adapt to the environment. C. will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant. D. will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant. 33. Use the Punnett square to answer the question that follows. In a monohybrid cross between two organisms heterozygous for a particular trait (Ff), what would be the predicted ratio of the offspring's genotypes? A. 1 FF: 3 Ff: 1 ff B. 1 FF: 2 Ff: 1 ff C. 2 FF: 2 Ff D. 3 Ff: 1 ff EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 15/28

16 34. This diagram illustrates a type of reproductive process in an organism. Based on this information, what conclusion about the offspring labeled A is supported? A. It has acquired traits in response to its environment. B. It has a lower mass of genetic material than offspring B. C. It has the same genetic material as its parent. D. It has half as much genetic material as its parent. 35. What types of cells are found only in organisms that reproduce sexually? A. blood cells B. neurons C. skin cells D. gametes EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 16/28

17 36. Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction? A. capable of reproducing by meiosis B. ability to reproduce without a mate C. ability to produce genetically different offspring D. capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent 37. Which plant cells contain half the DNA from one parent plant? A. xylem and phloem B. pollen and ovule C. epidermis and mesophyll D. pith and cambium 38. Some organisms reproduce sexually while other organisms reproduce asexually. Which would be an example of asexual reproduction? A. B. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 17/28

18 C. D. 39. A breeder of guinea pigs crosses a male guinea pig that has black fur with a female guinea pig that has white fur. The Punnett square demonstrates the cross which results in offspring that all have black fur. Part A Using the Punnett square, identify the term that best describes the genotype of the offspring. Part B Explain why all of the offspring were born with black fur. 40. A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is A. being able to conserve energy. B. having large numbers of offspring. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 18/28

19 C. greater genetic diversity. D. longer life spans. 41. Which of the following is a result of the exchange of homologous chromosome parts during the process of meiosis? A. random mutations B. decreased gamete number C. offspring with unique combinations of traits D. decreased number of alleles on each chromosome 42. All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from a single A. egg. B. sperm. C. virus. D. parent. 43. Why does sexual reproduction result in more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction? A. Traits from two parents are combined. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 19/28

20 B. More organisms reproduce this way. C. Offspring grow in different environments. D. Offspring come from identical parents. 44. In some plants, red flowers are dominant (R) and white flowers are recessive (r). Two plants are crossed and the offspring have a possibility of red flowers and white flowers. Which Punnett square shows the cross and its offspring? A. B. C. D. 45. In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexually because the EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 20/28

21 A. genetic diversity is greater. B. offspring would be genetically identical. C. recessive traits would emerge. D. negative traits are suppressed. 46. Which process initiates the passage of half of a parent s DNA to offspring? A. fertilization B. meiosis C. mitosis D. differentiation 47. The gametes of human males and females have the same number of chromosomes. Which best describes what happens to the chromosomes when typical male and female gametes combine to produce offspring? A. The chromosomes change shape. B. The number of chromosomes doubles. C. The chromosomes become larger in size. D. The number of chromosomes reduces by half. 48. A bacterium can reproduce quickly by splitting into two cells. Which of these best EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 21/28

22 describes the genetic make-up of the resulting two cells? A. They have the same amount of genetic material and are identical. B. They have the same amount of genetic material but are not identical. C. They have half the amount of genetic material, which grows in size. D. They have half the amount of genetic material, but then it duplicates itself. 49. Which statement describes a characteristic of both sexual and asexual reproduction? A. The processes require egg cells. B. New cells are produced. C. Two parents are required. D. The processes produce genetically unique offspring. 50. A gene mutates in a type of bacteria. When these bacteria reproduce asexually, this mutation can only be inherited by A. different types of bacteria. B. cells in the bacteria that are non-reproductive. C. bacteria cells that are missing the gene. D. direct descendants of the bacteria. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 22/28

23 51. Daffodils are plants that can perform both asexual and sexual reproduction. How does a daffodil population benefit more by reproducing sexually than asexually? A. It can reproduce more rapidly. B. It can adapt faster to its environment. C. It can increase the diversity of inherited traits. D. It can eliminate unfavorable traits from the gene pool. 52. Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have? A. both inherited and acquired traits B. a new combination of traits C. beneficial genetic traits D. a complete set of traits 53. In a gerbil population, the gene for coarse hair (H) is dominant, while the gene for smooth hair (h) is recessive. One pet store found that most of their customers want coarsehaired gerbils. Which cross between male and female gerbils will produce the greatest number of coarse-haired offspring? EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 23/28

24 A. B. C. D. 54. Why is approximately 50% of any individual s DNA inherited from that individual s father? EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 24/28

25 A. It was passed to the individual by a gamete from the father. B. It was passed to the individual by a somatic cell from the father. C. Half of the individual s cells descend from the father s gamete. D. Half of the individual s nuclei descend from the nucleus of the father s gamete. 55. Allele A is dominant in mice and allele a is recessive. Two mice with the gene combination Aa breed and produce four offspring as shown below. Which offspring has the recessive phenotype? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D Bacteria are organisms that reproduce asexually. What would the traits inherited by a newly produced bacterium be like? A. different from the traits of the single parent B. the same traits as the single parent EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 25/28

26 C. different from the traits of two parents D. similar traits as two parents 57. Vertebrate animals produce offspring by sexual reproduction. Which is an advantage of this type of reproduction? A. Time and energy is used to find a mate in the population. B. There is increased genetic diversity within the population. C. The offspring grows faster than one that is produced asexually. D. The offspring receives its DNA from one parent and is identical to that parent. 58. What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually? A. Reproduction occurs rapidly. B. Reproductive competition is increased. C. Mating compatibily improves. D. Diversity increases between generations. 59. If the weather patterns change and stay colder, what is one way a mammal most likely will adapt to this change? A. eat less B. hibernate EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 26/28

27 C. grow a thicker coat of fur D. increase its body temperature 60. There are four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. The genes for both A and B blood types are dominant over O. What is the probability of a father with blood type O and a mother with blood type AB producing a child with blood type O? A. 0% B. 25% C. 75% D. 100% 61. Which best describes sexual reproduction in all animals? A. Egg and sperm join together. B. Pollen and seed join together. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 27/28

28 C. Offspring have traits of only one parent. D. Offspring are identical to one parent. EOG Practice:,Evolution & Genetics Page 28/28