How did you sleep last night? Were you in a deep sleep or light sleep? How many times did you wake up? What were you doing right before you went to

Transcription

1 How did you sleep last night? Were you in a deep sleep or light sleep? How many times did you wake up? What were you doing right before you went to bed?

2 Finish presentations Homework for the weekend Interactive lecture on Intro to States of Consciousness & Sleep & Dreams

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4 Socratic Seminar on Wednesday next week 2 articles Pre-planning packet to be completed prior to seminar (Due Wednesday) Sleep Journal for ONE WEEK

5 Socratic Seminar on Wednesday Read and annotate the two assigned texts Number the paragraphs for easy retrieval Complete the preplanning packet for each article Come prepared for Wednesday The first question will be: Do you think the school day starts at a healthy time for high school students?

6 Altered States of Consciousness drug states fatigue, illness, trauma, deprivation meditation, hypnosis mental disorders

7 Consciousness our awareness of ourselves and our environment Selective Attention our awareness focuses on only a limited portion of what we experience cocktail party effect

8 Inattentional blindness failure to see visible objects when we are attending to another task Conscious attention can only be in one place at a time

9 Higher-Level Consciousness controlled processing actively focus efforts toward a goal requires attention Lower-Level Consciousness Automatic processes require little attention/conscious effort do not interfere with other ongoing activities Daydreaming wandering thoughts fantasy, imagination potentially useful (reminding, solving)

10 the biological clock roughly corresponds to 24-hour day/night cycle cyclical bodily rhythms wakefulness body temperature Our energy level, mood, learning, and alertness all vary throughout the day.

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12 Protective kept our early ancestors from navigating at night Recuperation restore and repair brain tissue Remembering restore & rebuild memories from the day Growth growth hormone released during deep sleep

13 What happens to humans and other animals while we sleep and dream?

14 The EEG, EOG, and EMG are common tools for sleep research.

15 Cycle through 5 sleep stages every 90 minutes Stage 1 Sleep brief stage; sensation of falling Stage 2 Sleep 20 minutes; spindles (bursts of brain activity) Stage 3 Sleep brief; transitioning to deeper sleep Stage 4 Sleep 30 min.; delta (large, slow) brain waves; deep sleep REM Sleep 10 minutes; vivid dreams

16 NREM (non-rem) sleep: includes Stages 1 through 4 involves lower-frequency brain waves, decreased pulse and breathing, and occasional, simple dreams REM (Rapid-Eye-Movement) sleep: also known as paradoxical sleep. involves high-frequency brain waves, increased pulse and breathing, large muscle may play a role in learning and consolidating new memories.

17 Sleep stages 1 Awake REM Hours of sleep

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20 Take out your sleep journals Discuss with the person next to you the following: Any patterns that you have noticed so far in your sleep patterns Any challenges you have come across so far in keeping this journal How you changed or altered your habits in the daytime in order to sleep better at night time Any other thoughts that you might have had this weekend about your sleep habits Journal Check (10 pts)

21 Homework Finish PowerPoint from Friday Sleep Walking and MURDER??!?! Case Studies

22 Continue logging in your sleep journal Socratic Seminar Wednesday Read & annotate both articles Complete preplanning packet for Wednesday COME PREPARED ON WEDNESDAY!

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40 Effects of Sleep Loss fatigue impaired concentration immune suppression irritability slowed performance increased accidents planes autos and trucks

41 Accident frequency Less sleep, more accidents More sleep, fewer accidents 2,800 2,700 4,200 2, ,500 3,800 2,400 Spring time change (hour sleep loss) 3,600 Fall time change (hour sleep gained) Monday before time change Monday after time change

42 Insomnia Narcolepsy Hypersomnia Sleep Apnea Night Terrors

43 Insomnia Persistent problems in falling or staying asleep Natural Remedies Exercise Avoid caffeine (including chocolate) Dimmer lights Avoid naps Wake at same time each day Turn clock away

44 Narcolepsy uncontrollable sleep attacks may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times Hypersomnia hours per day plus nap Fatigue, stressed out feeling

45 Sleep Apnea intermittently stop breathing during sleep frequent momentary awakenings usually unaware of these episodes Night Terrors mostly seen in children appearance of being terrified (fast heart rate) occur during Stage 4 not the same as nightmares (which occur during REM)

46 occur during Stage 4 (non-rem) Sleep runs in families more common in childhood usually harmless not remembered the next morning

47 Dreams (REM) images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person s mind hallucinatory imagery discontinuities incongruities vivid recall: if we are awakened during REM sleep (or right after)

48 Sigmund Freud-The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) dreams viewed as wish fulfillment outlet for otherwise unacceptable feelings

49 Manifest Content remembered story line of a dream includes real experiences from the day Latent (Hidden) Content underlying meaning of a dream Freud: uncovering this hidden meaning can help people resolve personal issues

50 Why do we dream? Freud: outlet for unacceptable feelings Not supported by research Information processing: to help file memories Link between REM & memory confirmed by brain scan

51 What does it mean when I have the same dream over and over? Recurrent dreams, which can continue for years, may be treated as any other dream. That is, one may look for parallels between the dream and the thoughts, feelings, behavior, and motives of the dreamer. Understanding the meaning of the recurrent dream sometimes can help the dreamer resolve an issue that he or she has been struggling with for years. -International Association for the Study of Dreams

52 Do dreams have meaning? Although scientists continue to debate this issue, most people who work with their dreams, either by themselves or with others, find that their dreams are very meaningful for them. Dreams are useful in learning more about the dreamer's feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Many find that dreams can help them solve problems. Further, artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.. -International Association for the Study of Dreams

53 Is it normal to have nightmares? Nightmares are very common among children and fairly common among adults. Often nightmares are caused by stress, traumatic experiences, emotional difficulties, drugs or medication, or illness. However, some people have frequent nightmares that seem unrelated to their waking lives. Recent studies suggest that these people tend to be more open, sensitive, trusting, and emotional than average.

54 Is it possible to control dreams? You often can influence your dreams by giving yourself pre-sleep suggestions. Another method of influencing dreams is called lucid dreaming, in which you are aware you are dreaming while still asleep and in the dream. Sometimes people experience this type of dreaming spontaneously. It is often possible to learn how to increase lucid dreaming, and thereby increase your capacity to affect the course of the dream events as they unfold. Some things are easier than others to control, and indeed complete control is probably never possible. Some professional dream workers question the advisability of trying to control the dream, and encourage learning to enjoy and understand it instead.

55 Each group will receive one case study Read the case study Discuss the evidence and the verdict with your groups Make your own conclusions about the defendant Will share out to class Explain your case, the evidence, and the verdict Explain to the class what conclusions your group has made from your discussions