6/29/2009. Awareness of everything going on inside and outside of you CONSCIOUSNESS, SLEEP & DREAMS HYPNOSIS. Meaning of consciousness

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1 6/29/2009 ness ness Links to Learning Objectives CONSCIOUSNESS, SLEEP & DREAMS HYPNOSIS LO 4.1 Meaning of consciousness LO 4.6 LO 4.2 Why people sleep LO 4.3 of sleep LO 4.4 disorders LO 4.5 Dreaming PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS LO 4.7 Drug dependence LO & depressants LO 4.9 & hallucinogens LO 4.10 deprivation onsciousness Awareness of everything going on inside and outside of you 1

2 ness, & ness 4.1 What does it mean to be conscious, and what are the different levels? Waking thoughts, feelings, sensations are clear Altered state shift in quality or pattern of mental activity Necessity of 4.2 Why do people need to sleep and how does it work? Circadian rhythm 24 hour bodily rhythm Hypothalamus tiny section of brain influences glandular system Suprachiasmatic nucleus internal clock tells people wake up/fall asleep tells pineal gland secrete melatonin for sleepiness There was a big fuss over something called melatonin a few years ago isn t melatonin supposed to make you sleep? 2

3 Circadian Rhythms Externally Controlled by Affects Mental alertness Physical strength Sensitivity to pain Melatonin hormone Necessity of Microsleeps - sleep lasting only a few seconds deprivation sleep loss that impairs concentration and results in irritability Effects of Deprivation fatigue impaired concentration immune suppression irritability slowed performance accidents planes autos and trucks 3

4 6/29/2009 Deprivation & Accidents Less sleep, more accidents Accident frequency More sleep, fewer accidents 2,800 2,700 4,200 2, ,500 3,800 2,400 3,600 Spring time change (hour sleep loss) Fall time change (hour sleep gained) Monday before time change Monday after time change : Adaptive Theory Animals evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active : Restorative Theory 4

5 Research on & Performance In one study, researchers found that air traffic controllers such as those pictured here were significantly more impaired in performance after working an eight-hour midnight shift as compared to a day or evening shift of equal length. -Page 139 (Ciccarelli & White) of : Pre-sleep 4.3 What are the different stages of sleep? Beta waves (smaller/faster) person is wide awake and mentally active Alpha waves (larger/slower) person is relaxed or lightly sleeping of : Non- Stage 1 (theta waves) light sleep, hypnic jerk, hypnagogic images Stage 2 temperature, breathing and heart rate decrease; sleep spindles 3 and 4 (delta waves) growth hormones released, hard to wake up 5

6 of : Rapid eye movement () eyes moving under eyelids, 90% of dreaming paradoxical sleep Infants form neural connections during 50% of sleep in of Through The Night 4.4 How do sleep disorders interfere with normal sleep? Wait! Don t! It can be dangerous to wake them. walking - moving or walking around during deep sleep Night terrors bad dreams more often in childhood 6

7 ightmare Bad dreams arousing feelings of horror, helplessness, extreme sorrow, etc. Can walking be a Crime Defense? Scott Falater case Steven Steinberg case Kenneth Parks case Problems During Insomnia - inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get good quality sleep apnea - person stops breathing for half minute or more Narcolepsy - person falls immediately into sleep during the day without warning. Cataplexy sudden loss of muscle tone. 7

8 4.5 Why do people dream and what do they dream about? Freud dreams as wish fulfillment manifest content and latent content Activation-synthesis hypothesis dreams created to explain brain stem activation during Activation-informationmode model information accessed while awake affects dream synthesis 8