Stress, Health, and Coping

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1 Stress, Health, and Coping Chapter 10 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2 Thoughts on Stress, Health, and Coping Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory. Albert Schweitzer What worries you masters you. Haddon W. Robinson A positive attitude may not solve all your problems, but it will annoy enough people to make it worth the effort. Herm Albright

3 Stress The general term describing the psychological and bodily response to a stimulus that alters one s state of equilibrium Stressor Acute stressor Chronic stressor Stress response

4 The Biology of Stress General adaptation syndrome (GAS) The alarm phase Fight or flight response The resistance phase Adaptation The exhaustion phase

5 Sources of Stress Cognitive appraisal Primary appraisal Secondary appraisal Coping

6 Sources of Stress Perceived control Learned helplessness Predictability Context

7 Sources of Stress Internal conflict Conflict Approach-approach conflict Avoidance-avoidance conflict Approach-avoidance conflict

8 Sources of Stress Life s hassles Daily hassles Interruptions

9 Sources of Stress Work-related factors Environmental factors Lighting, noise, crowding Job-related factors Workload, deadlines Personality factors Burnout

10 Hostility A personality trait characterized by mistrust, an expectation of harm and provocation by others, and a cynical attitude Associated with heart disease Gender differences Anger management programs

11 The Immune System White blood cells B cells T cells Natural killer cells Glucocorticoids and stress Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

12 The Immune System Cancer Stress and tumor growth Heart disease Stress and blood pressure Atherosclerosis Depression and heart disease Anxiety and heart disease

13 Stage 1 Hypnogogic Stage 2 Sleep spindles Stages 3 and 4 Delta waves Stages of Sleep REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

14 The Function of Sleep Sleep deprivation REM rebound Cognitive, emotional, and physical effects Restorative theory Evolutionary theory

15 Dreaming What triggers particular dreams? Why do we dream? Freud Manifest content Latent content Activation-synthesis hypothesis

16 Sleep and the Brain The chemistry of sleep Acetylcholine Sleeping pills Melatonin Circadian rhythms Suprachiasmatic nucleus Shift work

17 Troubled Sleep Narcolepsy Insomnia Sleep apnea

18 Coping Strategies Problem-focused strategies Active coping Planning Instrumental social support Suppression of competing activities Restraint coping

19 Coping Strategies Emotion-focused strategies Emotional social support Venting emotions Positive reinterpretation/growth Behavioral disengagement Mental disengagement

20 Coping Strategies Thought suppression Rebound effect Humor

21 Coping Strategies Aggression Environmental factors Depression Pain Hostile attribution bias Aggressive tendencies Gender differences Self-esteem Narcissism

22 Drugs and Alcohol Substance abuse Substance dependence Tolerance Withdrawal

23 Psychoactive Substances Depressants Alcohol, barbiturates Stimulants Cocaine, amphetamines Narcotic analgesics Heroin Hallucinogens LSD, marijuana

24 Depressants: Alcohol 40% of American adults drink alcohol 9% have alcohol abuse or dependence Biological effects Depressant Disinhibition Psychological effects Inhibitory conflict Alcohol myopia Blackouts

25 Stimulants: Cocaine Crack Other stimulants Amphetamines Caffeine Nicotine

26 Actions of Amphetamines on Neurotransmitters

27 Hallucinogens: Marijuana Most commonly used hallucinogen in U.S. Biological effects Cannabinoid receptors Appetite, memory, pain Psychological effects Dependant on mood Medical marijuana

28 Ecstasy (MDMA) Biological effects Releases serotonin and prevents reuptake Damages serotonin receptors Decrease dopamine levels Dry mouth, muscular tension, hyperthermia Psychological effects Increased awareness and pleasure May cause depression

29 Coping and Social Support Social support affects Survival Depression Immune system Perceived social support Enacted social support

30 Mind-Body Interventions Natural methods Relaxation techniques Meditation Hypnosis Exercise Placebos

31 Gender, Culture, and Coping Gender differences and stress levels Cultural contexts Crowding Social support

Stress, Health, and Coping

Stress, Health, and Coping. Health Psychology The field concerned with the promotion of health and the prevention and treatment of illness as it relates to psychological factors Stress The general term